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Austrian Constitutional Court
The Constitutional Court ( or ) in Austria is the tribunal responsible for judicial review. It verifies the constitutionality of statutes, the legality of ordinances and other secondary legislation, and the constitutionality of decisions of certain other courts. The Court also decides over demarcation conflicts between courts, between courts and the public administration, and between federal and state bodies. It hears election complaints, holds elected officials and political appointees accountable for their conduct in office, and adjudicates on liability claims against Austria and its bureaucracy. The Court consists of fourteen members and six substitute members, appointed by the president on nomination of the Cabinet, the National Council, and the Federal Council. Although theoretically supposed to, the Court rarely meets in plenum and rarely hears oral arguments; most cases today are decided behind closed doors by panels of either nine or five members. Opinions tend to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Innere Stadt
The Innere Stadt (; ; "Inner City") is the 1st municipal Districts of Vienna, district of Vienna () located in the center of the Austrian capital. The Innere Stadt is the old town of Vienna. Until the city boundaries were expanded in 1850, the Innere Stadt was congruent with the city of Vienna. Traditionally it was divided into four quarters, which were designated after important town gates: ''Stubenviertel'' (northeast), ''Kärntner Viertel'' (southeast), ''Widmerviertel'' (southwest), ''Schottenviertel'' (northwest). The Ringstraße circles the Innere Stadt along the route of the former Defensive wall, city walls. The first district is, with a workforce of 100,745, the largest employment locale in Vienna. This is partially due to tourism, as well as the presence of many corporate headquarters due to the district's central location. Geography Innere Stadt is the central district of Vienna. It borders Leopoldstadt in the northeast, Landstraße in the east, Wieden and Mariahil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Judicial Restraint
Judicial restraint is a judicial interpretation that recommends favoring the ''status quo'' in judicial activities and is the opposite of judicial activism. Aspects of judicial restraint include the principle of '' stare decisis'' (that new decisions should be consistent with previous decisions); a conservative approach to standing (''locus standi'') and a reluctance to grant ''certiorari;'' and a tendency to deliver narrowly tailored verdicts, avoiding “unnecessary resolution of broad questions.” Judicial restraint may lead a court to avoid hearing a case in the first place. The court may justify its decision by questioning whether the plaintiff has standing; or by refusing to grant ''certiorari;'' or by determining that the central issue of the case is a political question better decided by the executive or legislative branches of government; or by determining that the court has no jurisdiction in the matter. Judicial restraint may lead a court to decide in favor of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Reutte
Reutte (; Swabian: ) is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the administrative center of the Reutte district (''Districts of Austria''). Reutte is located on the Lech, and has a population of 6,704 (as of 2018). Neighbouring municipalities Adjacent municipalities and villages are: Breitenwang, Ehenbichl, Lechaschau and Pflach. History Reutte is located on the Via Claudia Augusta, a Roman road leading from Italy to Germany. The Tyrolean Salt Road from Hall in Tirol to Lake Constance crossed the entire district of Außerfern. Reutte (then Reuti) was declared a market town by Sigmund on June 5 1489. This was confirmed later by Maximilian I who also added some further rights. The people of Reutte commemorate this with an annual festival on the first Saturday in August. From 1692 the painter Paul Zeiller had a workshop in Reutte that later became an art school. His son, Johann Jakob Zeiller and adopted son, Franz Anton Zeiller, both received their first les ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Austrian Legislative Election, 1995
Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ** Austria-Hungary ** Austrian Airlines (AUA) ** Austrian cuisine ** Austrian Empire ** Austrian monarchy ** Austrian German (language/dialects) ** Austrian literature ** Austrian nationality law ** Austrian Service Abroad ** Music of Austria **Austrian School of Economics * Economists of the Austrian school of economic thought * The Austrian Attack variation of the Pirc Defence chess opening. See also * * * Austria (other) * Australian (other) * L'Autrichienne (other) is the feminine form of the French word , meaning "The Austrian". It may refer to: *A derogatory nickname for Queen Marie Antoinette of France ** ''L'Autrichienne'' (film), a 1990 French film on Marie Antoinette with Ute Lemper * ''L'Autrichienn ... {{disambig Lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Austrian Presidential Election, 2016
Presidential elections were held in Austria on 24 April 2016, with a second round run-off on 22 May 2016. However, the results of the second round were annulled and a re-vote took place on 4 December 2016.Klatzer, Jürgen, Daniela Wahl and Peter Temel"Hofburg-Wahl: Stichwahl auf 4.12. verschoben, Jungwähler kommen in Wählerregister" (in German) ''kurier.at'', 12 September 2016. Incumbent President Heinz Fischer had served two terms and was not eligible to be elected for a third successive term. In the first round of the election, Norbert Hofer of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) received the most votes. Alexander Van der Bellen, an independent candidate who formerly a member of both the Austrian Greens and the Social Democratic, placed second. The candidates of the two governing parties, the Social Democratic and Austrian People's parties, placed fourth and fifth respectively, behind independent Irmgard Griss in third place, which led to a government crisis and the resi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it adopts European legislation, following a proposal by the European Commission. The Parliament is composed of 720 members (MEPs), after the June 2024 European elections, from a previous 705 MEPs. It represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world (after the Parliament of India), with an electorate of around 375 million eligible voters in 2024. Since 1979, the Parliament has been directly elected every five years by the citizens of the European Union through universal suffrage. Voter turnout in parliamentary elections decreased each time after 1979 until 2019, when voter turnout increased by eight percentage points, and rose above 50% for the first time since 1994. The voting age is 18 in all EU member states e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lessing-Denkmal Judenplatz Wien 2
The Lessing Monument (German: Lessing-Denkmal) is a monument in the Neo-Baroque style, and dedicated to Gotthold Ephraim Lessing by Otto Lessing, installed at Tiergarten in Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ..., Germany. See also * List of works by Otto Lessing External links * Statues in Berlin Outdoor sculptures in Berlin Sculptures of men in Germany Statues in Germany Tiergarten (park) Gotthold Ephraim Lessing {{Germany-sculpture-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Executive (government)
The executive branch is the part of government which executes or enforces the law. Function The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on the political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to the executive. In political systems based on the separation of powers, government authority is distributed between several branches to prevent power from being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by the executive, and interpreted by the judiciary. The executive can also be the source of certain types of law or law-derived rules, such as a decree or executive order. In those that use fusion of powers, typically parliamentary systems, such as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pacta Sunt Servanda
''Pacta sunt servanda'' ("agreements must be kept.") is a brocard and a fundamental principle of law which holds that treaties or contracts are binding upon the parties that entered into the treaty or contract. It is customary international law. According to Hans Wehberg, a professor of international law, "few rules for the ordering of Society have such a deep moral and religious influence" as this principle. In its most common sense, the principle refers to private contracts and prescribes that the provisions, i.e. clauses, of a contract are law between the parties to the contract, and therefore implies that neglect of their respective obligations is a violation of the contract. The first known expression of the brocard is in the writings of the canonist Cardinal Hostiensis from the 13th century AD, which were published in the 16th. Modern jurisprudence In both civil law and common law jurisdictions, the principle is related to the general principle of correct behavior in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ex Tunc
''Ex tunc'' is a legal term derived from Latin, and means "from the outset". It can be contrasted with ''ex nunc'', which means "from now on". An example of usage of the term can be found in contract law, where voidance of a contract can lead to it either being void ''ex nunc'', i.e. from then on, or ''ex tunc'', in which case it is treated as though it had never come into existence. Another example can be found in the ecclesiastical court In organized Christianity, an ecclesiastical court, also called court Christian or court spiritual, is any of certain non-adversarial courts conducted by church-approved officials having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters. Histo ...s. These courts, after the conciliatory of Trente 1582, were granted the right to nullify a marriage ''ex tunc'', meaning there was good reason it should be nullified. The consequence is that said couple were never married in the eyes of the church and can get married again by a priest, which they n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
