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Assyrian Conquest Of Aram
The Assyrian conquest of Aram (c. 856-732 BCE) concerns the series of conquests of largely Aramean, Phoenician, Sutean and Neo-Hittite states in the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and northern Jordan) by the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911-605 BCE). This region was known as Eber-Nari and Aram during the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-1020 BCE) and the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Background Following the Late Bronze Age collapse, the Aramaeans quickly came to dominate much of the Levantine inland. They formed a patch network of small kingdoms throughout Syria and Upper Mesopotamia, bringing them into direct contact and threat with the civil war-ridden Middle Assyrian state. These Aramean kingdoms included: Aram-Damascus, Hamath, Bit Adini, Bit Bahiani, Bit Hadipe, Aram-Bet Rehob, Aram-Zobah, Bit-Zamani, Bit-Halupe and Aram-Ma'akah, as well as the Aramean tribal confederations of the Gambulu, Litau and Puqudu in the region of Babylon. In the northern Levant, a mixtur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram (region)
Aram (; ; ) was a historical region mentioned in early cuneiforms and in the Bible. The area did not develop into a larger empire but consisted of several small states in present-day Syria. Some of the states are mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, Aram-Damascus being the most outstanding one, which came to encompass most of Syria. In the Bible, Aram-Damascus is simply commonly referred to as Aram. After the final conquest by the rising Neo-Assyrian Empire in the second half of the 8th century and also during the later consecutive rules of the Neo-Babylonian Empire (612–539 BCE) and the Achaemenid Empire (539–332 BCE), the region of Aram lost most of its sovereignty. During the Seleucid period (312-64 BCE), the term ''Syria'' was introduced as Hellenistic designation for this region. By the beginning of the 5th century, that practice also started to affect terminology of Aramean ecclesiastical and literary elites, and ''Syrian'' labels started to gain frequency and acceptance not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram-Damascus
Aram-Damascus ( ) was an Arameans, Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant. Alongside various tribal lands, it was bounded in its later years by the polities of Assyria to the north, Ammon to the south, and Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Israel to the west. The compound name "Aram-Damascus" is only found in the Hebrew Bible, where it sometimes also is referred to as simply "Aram" or "Damascus". It is also referred to as "Aram" in some Aramaic inscriptions. In Assyrian sources, "Aram" was never used to designate it. It was often referred to as "Damascus" or "imērīšu" (meaning "his donkey"), and sometimes "Bīt-Ḫaza’ili" (meaning "house of Hazael"), in Assyrian sources. History The Tanakh gives accounts of Aram-Damascus' history, mainly in its interaction with History of ancient Israel and Judah, Israel and Judah. There are biblical texts referencing battles that took place b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babylonia
Babylonia (; , ) was an Ancient history, ancient Akkadian language, Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Kuwait, Syria and Iran). It emerged as an Akkadian-populated but Amorites, Amorite-ruled state . During the reign of Hammurabi and afterwards, Babylonia was retrospectively called "the country of Akkad" ( in Akkadian), a deliberate archaism in reference to the previous glory of the Akkadian Empire. It was often involved in rivalry with the older ethno-linguistically related state of Assyria in the north of Mesopotamia and Elam to the east in Ancient Iran. Babylonia briefly became the major power in the region after Hammurabi (floruit, fl. –1752 BC middle chronology, or –1654 BC, short chronology timeline, short chronology) created a short-lived empire, succeeding the earlier Akkadian Empire, Third Dynasty of Ur, and Old Assyrian Empire. The Babylonian Empire rapidly fell apar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puqudu
The term Puqudu or Piqudu (or in the Bible, Peqod or Pekod) refers to a prominent Aramean tribe and its associated region in southernSaggs, H. W. F.The Nimrud Letters 1952: Part III." ''Iraq'', vol. 18, no. 1, 1956, pp. 53. JSTOR. or eastern Babylonia. They lived along the eastern edge of Elam and in the area near UrukArnold, Bill T.Aramean Origins: The Evidence from Babylonia" ''Archiv Für Orientforschung'', vol. 52, 2011, pp. 179–185. JSTOR. and the Tigris. Their tribal name is sometimes spelled with an accent mark as Puqūdu, and the members of the tribe are sometimes referred to as Puqūdian, Puqūdians, or Puqudaeans (e.g. in the Nimrud Letters). Some older publications use Pukud. The Puqudu, known from governmental archives of Assyria, were "prominent between the mid-8th century and 626 B.C.", although their presence is documented in Babylonia at least as early as the ninth century. It is not certain when they migrated into the area. They appear to have been a loosely a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gambulu
The Gambulu, Gambulai, or Gambuli were a tribe of Arameans in ancient Babylonia. They were the most powerful tribe along the eastern border of Babylonia, or in the south toward the border with Elam. It is difficult to pinpoint their exact location. H. W. F. Saggs places them "south of the Diyala river toward the Elamite border." When Assyrian king Sargon II Sargon II (, meaning "the faithful king" or "the legitimate king") was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 722 BC to his death in battle in 705. Probably the son of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727), Sargon is generally believed to have be ... (722-705) waged war against them in the city of Dur-Athara, 18,430 were deported. The Gambulu, along with the Puqudu, continued to be politically important as far as the sixth century. References {{reflist Aramean tribes Aramean states Ancient peoples of the Near East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maacah
Maacah (or Maakah; ''Maʿăḵā'', "crushed"; Maacha in the Codex Alexandrinus, Maachah in the KJV) is a non-gender-specific personal name used in the Bible to refer to a number of people. *A child of Abraham's brother Nahor, son of Terah, Nachor, evidently a boy. (Genesis 22:23,24) *The wife of Machir, Manasseh (tribal patriarch), Manasseh's son. (1 Chronicles 7:15-16) *One of the wives of Hezron's son Caleb. (1 Chronicles 2:48) *A wife of David, and daughter of Talmai, King of Geshur (1 Chronicles 3:2), a near neighbor of the Maachathites. David fathered Absalom and Tamar (daughter of David), Tamar by her. *A King of Gath (city), Gath, to whose son, Achish, Shimei's servants fled early in Solomon's reign (1 Kings 2:39). About a half-century earlier than this event, David had fled to Achish, son of Maoch, King of Gath, with 600 men (1 Samuel 27:2). Still, the identification of Maacah is doubtful, though kinship is exceedingly probable. * Granddaughter of Absalom, favorite wife o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bit-Halupe
Bit-Ḫalupe, an ancient Aramean state in eastern Syria, located within the triangular area formed by the confluence of the Khabur River with the Euphrates River. It was one of the four Aramean states that bordered Assyria. The others were Bit-Zamani, Bit Bahiani and Laqe. By the ninth century BC all of them were assimilated by Assyria. In Bit-Ḫalupe was the city of Suru ( Al-Suwar). Suru was also among the cities that in 883 BC took part in the unsuccessful rebellion against the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II Ashur-nasir-pal II (transliteration: ''Aššur-nāṣir-apli'', meaning " Ashur is guardian of the heir") was the third king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 883 to 859 BC. Ashurnasirpal II succeeded his father, Tukulti-Ninurta II. His son and s .... References Ancient Syria Aramean states States and territories established in the 10th century BC States and territories disestablished in the 9th century BC {{Syria-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bit-Zamani
Bit-Zamani is an ancient Aramean state in northern Mesopotamia, located within the mountainous region of Tur Abdin. In Bit-Zamani was the city of Amida (Amedu, modern Diyarbakır). It was one of the four Aramean states that bordered Assyria. The others were Bit-Halupe, Bit Bahiani and Laqe. By the ninth century BC all of them lost to Assyria. History Late Bronze The first time Bit-Zamani named was in Middle Assyrian texts from the beginning of the 13th century BC, originating in the city of Shibaniba (modern Tell Billa), in which Ashur-kashid, governor of Bit-Zamani was mentioned. Iron Age Then Bit-Zamani appears only in Neo-Assyrian sources from the beginning of the ninth century BC, from the reign of Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta II (890–884 BC). The king was victorious over Ammi-Ba'al, the king of Bit-Zamani, and then entered into a treaty with him, as a result of which Bit-Zamani became an ally, and in fact a vassal of Assyria. Ammi-Ba'al remained in power, but from that m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram-Zobah
Zobah or Aram-Zobah () was an early Aramean state and former vassal kingdom of Israel mentioned in the Hebrew Bible that extended northeast of David's realm according to the Hebrew Bible. Alexander Kirkpatrick, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (1896), places it broadly between Damascus and the Euphrates.Kirkpatrick, A. F.Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on 1 Samuel 14 accessed 26 July 2019 It is thought by some to have extended from the Beqaa Valley along the eastern side of the Anti-Lebanon mountains, reaching Hama to the north and Damascus to the south, making it at one time a state of considerable importance. In the Hebrew Bible In 1 Samuel 14:47, the kings of Zobah were said to have fought with the Israelite king Saul. Kirkpatrick suggests that "the 'kings' were independent chiefs", but by the time of David, there was a single king, Hadadezer bar Rehob. Later, King Hadadezer bar Rehob allied with Ammon against King David, who defeated Zobah and mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram-Rehob
Aram Rehob was a kingdom mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, of which the chief city was Rehob or Beth-Rehob, associated with Aram- Zobah as hostile to King David. '' Num.'' xiii.21 and '' Judges'' xviii.28 place a Beth-Rehob in the Lebanon Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south ... region near Tel Dan. Moore (''Commentary on Judges,'' p. 399) conjecturally identifies it with Paneas. See also References Sources * * * * External links * {{JewishEncyclopedia, url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=A&artid=1702, article=Aram-rehob Aramean states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bit Hadipe
The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values. These values are most commonly represented as either , but other representations such as ''true''/''false'', ''yes''/''no'', ''on''/''off'', or ''+''/''−'' are also widely used. The relation between these values and the physical states of the underlying storage or device is a matter of convention, and different assignments may be used even within the same device or program. It may be physically implemented with a two-state device. A contiguous group of binary digits is commonly called a ''bit string'', a bit vector, or a single-dimensional (or multi-dimensional) ''bit array''. A group of eight bits is called one ''byte'', but historically the size of the byte is not strictly defined. Frequently, half, full, double and quadruple words consist of a number of bytes which is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
