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Assassination Of Alexander II Of Russia
On , Alexander II, the Emperor of Russia, was assassinated in Saint Petersburg, Russia while returning to the Winter Palace from Mikhailovsky Manège in a closed carriage. The assassination was planned by the Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya ("People's Will"), chiefly by Andrei Zhelyabov. Of the four assassins coordinated by Sophia Perovskaya, two actually committed the deed. One assassin, Nikolai Rysakov, threw a bomb which damaged the carriage, prompting the Tsar to disembark. At this point a second assassin, Ignacy Hryniewiecki, threw a bomb that fatally wounded Alexander II. Alexander II had previously survived several attempts on his life, including the attempts by Dmitry Karakozov and Alexander Soloviev, the attempt to dynamite the imperial train in Aleksandrovsk (Zaporizhzhia), and the bombing of the Winter Palace in February 1880. The assassination is popularly considered to be the most successful action by the Russian nihilist movement of the 19th centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Makovsky
Konstantin Yegorovich Makovsky (; (20 June o.c.) 2 July n.c. 1839 – 17 o.c. (30 n.c.) September 1915) was an influential Russian painter, affiliated with the " Peredvizhniki (Wanderers)". Many of his historical paintings, such as ''Beneath the Crown'' (1889) also known as ''The Russian Bride's Attire'' and ''Before the Wedding'', showed an idealized view of Russian life of prior centuries. He is often considered a representative of Academic art. Biography Konstantin Makovsky (1839–1915) was a famous Russian realist painter who opposed academic restrictions that existed in the art world at the time. His father was the Russian art figure and amateur painter, Egor Makovsky and his mother was a composer. Because of his parents' professions, Makovsky showed an early interest in painting and music. He entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture at the age of 12, where he was influenced by teachers such as Vasily Tropinin and Karl Bryullov. After graduatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Karakozov
Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov (; – ) was a Russian political activist and the first revolutionary in the Russian Empire to make an attempt on the life of a tsar. His attempt to assassinate Tsar Alexander II of Russia, Alexander II failed and Karakozov was executed. Early life and studies In early 1866 he became a member of the "revolutionary wing" of the Ishutin Society, founded by his cousin Nikolai Ishutin in Moscow in 1863. Attempted assassination of Alexander II In the spring of 1866, Karakozov arrived in St Petersburg to assassinate Alexander II of Russia, Alexander II. He circulated his hand-written proclamation called ''"Друзьям-рабочим"'' ("To Friends-Workers"), in which he incited people to revolt. He wrote a manifesto to the St Petersburg governor blaming the Tsar for the suffering of the poor: "I have decided to destroy the evil Tsar, and to die for my beloved people." This note never reached anyone; it was lost in the mail. It is possible 1866 w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossacks
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Russia, Cossack raids, countering the Crimean-Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe, Crimean-Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppes, steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. Although numerous linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, most of them coalesced and became East Slavic languages, East Slavic–speaking Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christians. The rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suicide
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Risk factors for suicide include mental disorders, physical disorders, and substance abuse. Some suicides are impulsive acts driven by stress (such as from financial or academic difficulties), relationship problems (such as breakups or divorces), or harassment and bullying. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts. Effective suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to methods of suicide such as firearms, drugs, and poisons; treating mental disorders and substance abuse; careful media reporting about suicide; improving economic conditions; and dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). Although crisis hotlines, like 988 in North America and 13 11 14 in Australia, are common resources, their effectiveness has not been well studied. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 1.5% of total deaths. In a given year, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Sablin
Nikolai Alekseyevich Sablin (), the son of a petty landowner, was born in 1849 or 1850 (sources vary). While at Moscow University he became involved in revolutionary politics as a member of the Narodnaya Volya or People's Will. Sablin went to Zurich in 1874 but returned to Russia the following year. He was arrested in March, 1875, but was not tried until January, 1878. He was found guilty but was soon released because of the long time he had been awaiting trial. A member of People's Will, Sabin joined the plot to kill Alexander II. Others involved included Sophia Perovskaya, Andrei Zhelyabov, Hesya Helfman, Ignaty Grinevitsky, Nikolai Kibalchich, Nikolai Rysakov, and Timofei Mikhailov. On 15 March 1881, two days after Alexander II was assassinated Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important. It may be prompted by political, ideological, religious, financial, or military motives. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesya Helfman
Hesya Mirovna (Meerovna) Helfman (; ; 1855 — ) was a Belarusian-Jewish revolutionary member of ''Narodnaya Volya'', who was implicated in the assassination of Alexander II of Russia. Escaping execution as she was pregnant at the time, she died in the aftermath of childbirth in prison. Biography Early life Helfman was born into a religious Jewish family, in Mozyr, Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire. She received no schooling, and had a husband picked for her by her father while she was a teenager. She ran away from home in 1868, before the wedding could take place. She lived with a local Christian friend, then moved to Kiev, where she worked as a seamstress and began training to be a midwife. Revolutionary activities In the early 1870s, Helfman was an active member of several revolutionary clubs in Kiev where she met, among others, Leo Deutsch and her future husband . Helfman was sentenced to two years' imprisonment at the during the 1877 , and on 14 March 1879 was sent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vera Figner
Vera Nikolayevna Figner Filippova (; – 25 June 1942) was a Russian revolutionary and political activist. Born in Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire into a noble family of Germans, German and Russians, Russian descent, Figner was a leader of the clandestine Narodnaya Volya ("People's Will") group, which advocated the use of terror to overthrow the government, Figner was a participant in planning the successful assassination of Alexander II of Russia, assassination of Alexander II of Russia, Alexander II in 1881. Figner was arrested and spent 20 months in solitary confinement prior to trial, at which she was sentenced to death. The sentence was subsequently commuted and Figner was imprisoned in the Shlisselburg Fortress for 20 years before being sent into internal exile. Figner gained international fame in large part because of the widely translated memoir of her experiences. She was treated as a heroic icon of revolutionary sacrifice after the February Revolution in 1917 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Kibalchich
Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich (; ; 19 October 1853 – April 3, 1881) was a Russian revolutionary and rocket pioneer who took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II as the main explosive expert for Narodnaya Volya. He was a distant cousin of revolutionary Victor Serge. Early life Kibalchich was born in the town of Korop, Krolevetsky Uyezd, Chernigov Governorate (present-day Ukraine) in 1853 into a clerical family as the son of an Orthodox parish priest. He entered a gymnasium in 1864 but was later admitted to a seminary. He returned to secondary school and finished with a silver medal several years later. In 1871, he entered St Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers, and in 1873, he entered Saint Petersburg Emperor Military Medical Academy to study medicine, additionally working on experiments into pulsed rocket propulsion. In October 1875, Kibalchich was arrested for lending a prohibited book to a peasant named Prytulya. He spent 3 years in prison before bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliseyev Emporium (Saint Petersburg)
Elisseeff Emporium in St. Petersburg is a large retail and entertainment complex, including a famous food hall, constructed in 1902–1903 for the Elisseeff Brothers. Located at 56 Nevsky Prospekt, the complex consists of three buildings, although the corner one is the structure that is referred to as Elisseeff's store or shop (Елисеевский магазин). Designed by architect Gabriel Baranovskii (Baranovsky, Baranowski, Гавриил Васильевич Барановский), it is one of the most striking examples of St. Petersburg Art Nouveau architecture, although at the time of its construction the building was considered controversial. History Attempt on Alexander II's life A restaurant formerly stood at the site. In 1881, revolutionary Narodniks built a tunnel under Malaya Sadovaya Street from the basement of that building, preparing to plant mines to assassinate Czar Alexander II. By 1 March the preparations were complete, but the Czar did not pass that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Yemelyanov
Ivan Panteleymonovich Yemelyanov (; — 27 November 1915) was a member of the Russian revolutionary organization Narodnaya Volya who took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia. Early life Ivan Yemelyanov was born into an impoverished family of an acolyte in Bessarabia about the year 1860. In 1870, at the age of nine, Yemelyanov was taken to be raised by his uncle who served at the Russian embassy in Constantinople. After a few years he returned to Russia, and after graduating from a trade school in 1879, he became qualified as a cabinetmaker. He went on to study abroad on a grant from Horace Günzburg, Baron Günzburg. This gave him the opportunity to visit various countries such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and France. In November 1880 he joined the ranks of the Narodnaya Volya. Assassination of Alexander II In January 1881, Anna Pavlovna Pribyleva-Korba suggested Yemelyanov as a potential bomb-thrower to Andrei Zhelyabov. Yemelyanov subsequently became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timofey Mikhailov
Timofey Mikhailovich Mikhailov (; — 15 April 1881) was a Russian revolutionary and a member of Narodnaya Volya. He was designated a bomb-thrower in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia; however, he did not throw a bomb. Mikhailov, a discontented workman, claimed in his trial that he was motivated by a desire to improve the condition of the working classes. He was promptly condemned to death, and was hanged along with four other conspirators. Early life Mikhailov was born 1860, in Smolensk. His parents Mikhail Nefedov and Natalia Savelyeva were Orthodox peasants. He had sisters Malanya and Matrena, and brothers Grigory and Stepan. In 1875 Mikhailov moved to Saint Petersburg to earn a living. He worked as a boiler maker. Having worked in multiple plants, he left his last job in 1880 due to low wages. At this time, Mikhailov became involved in revolutionary politics and joined the Workers' Section of Narodnaya Volya. Mikhailov then started living under the false na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaya Sadovaya Street
Malaya Sadovaya Street (, meaning 'Little Garden Street') is a pedestrian street of cafes, terraces and fountains in the heart of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It runs between Italyanskaya Street (Italian Street) and the Nevsky Prospect. Spanning a single block, at about , it is known as Saint Petersburg's shortest street. The street's Nevsky Prospect terminus is at Catherine Square, which features the monument to Catherine the Great by the sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin and Matthew Chizhov, and the architects Victor Schröter and David Grimm. At the Italyanskaya Street terminus is Manezhnaya Square, where there is a view of the portico of the great stables designed by Vincenzo Brenna and Karl Rossi. History The street, then called New Lane (), was first made in the 1740s. A palace belonging to Ivan Shuvalov was built here, completed in 1756, after which the street was called Shuvalov Lane. All the odd side of the street was owned by Shuvalov. His palace was at the corner of Itali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
