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Armed Nuclei For Popular Autonomy
Armed Nuclei for Popular Autonomy (french: Noyaux armés pour l'autonomie populaire), also known as ''NAPAP'', was a French Maoist armed organization formed in December 1976. According to the police, the leader of the NAPAP was Christian Harbulot. Members of the NAPAP influenced the Communist Combatant Cells in Belgium. Members * Frédéric Oriach * Henri Savouillan * Michel Lapeyre * Jean-Paul Gérard Bombings claimed by NAPAP *12 January 1976: assault of Paul Gardent, director general of Charbonnages de France (claimed by Vaincre et vivre). *23 March 1977: assassination of Jean-Antoine Tramoni, the murderer of Pierre Overney. *26 March 1977: attack on the Renault-Flins car park. *3 April 1977: fire from the . *6 June 1977: attacks against the Usinor factory in Thionville and against Chrysler-France in Paris. *Summer 1977: series of anti-nuclear attacks with the help of anarchist militants from the Revolutionary Internationalist Action Groups. *8 October 1977: attack on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ÃŽle-de-France
The Île-de-France (, ; literally "Isle of France") is the most populous of the eighteen regions of France. Centred on the capital Paris, it is located in the north-central part of the country and often called the ''Région parisienne'' (; en, Paris Region). Île-de-France is densely populated and retains a prime economic position on the national stage: though it covers only , about 2% of metropolitan French territory, its 2017 population was nearly one-fifth of the national total. The region is made up of eight administrative departments: Paris, Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise and Yvelines. It was created as the "District of the Paris Region" in 1961. In 1976, when its status was aligned with the French administrative regions created in 1972, it was renamed after the historic province of Île-de-France. Residents are sometimes referred to as ''Franciliens'', an administrative word created in the 1980s. The GDP of the reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defunct Communist Militant Groups
{{Disambiguation ...
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomism
Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tendencies became significant after influence from the Situationists, the failure of Italian far-left movements in the 1970s, and the emergence of a number of important theorists including Antonio Negri, who had contributed to the 1969 founding of as well as Mario Tronti, Paolo Virno and Franco "Bifo" Berardi. George Katsiaficas summarizes the forms of autonomous movements saying that "In contrast to the centralized decisions and hierarchical authority structures of modern institutions, autonomous social movements involve people directly in decisions affecting their everyday lives, seeking to expand democracy and help individuals break free of political structures and behavior patterns imposed from the outside". This has involved a call for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mao-Spontex
Revolutionary spontaneity, also known as spontaneism, is a revolutionary socialist tendency that believes the social revolution can and should occur spontaneously from below by the working class itself, without the aid or guidance of a vanguard party and that it cannot and should not be brought about by the actions of individuals such as professional revolutionaries or political parties who might attempt to foment such a revolution. In his work ''What Is to Be Done?'' (1902), Vladimir Lenin argued fiercely against revolutionary spontaneity as a dangerous revisionist concept that strips away the disciplined nature of Marxist political thought and leaves it arbitrary and ineffective. Rosa Luxemburg, who defended spontaneity on '' Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy'', and the Spartacist League which had attempted to overturn capitalism during the 1919 German Revolution would become main targets of Lenin's attacks after World War I. Mao-Spontex The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauche Prolétarienne
The (GP) was a French Maoist political party which existed from 1968 to 1974. As Christophe Bourseiller has put it, "Of all the Maoist organizations after May 1968, the most important numerically as well as in cultural influence was without question the Gauche prolétarienne". History The GP was formed in October 1968. After a split in the (UJC-ML), several members - including Olivier Rolin, Jean-Pierre Le Dantec, Jean-Claude Vernier, the brothers Tony and Benny Lévy, Jean Schiavo, Maurice Brover and Jean-Claude Zancarini - formed the new party. In 1969 the former student union leaders Alain Geismar and Serge July joined the group. Several members of the group were involved with the founding of the French daily which evolved into a centre left mainstream mass circulation daily newspaper. The group was also known as "Mao-Spontex", or Maoist-spontaneists. The connection to Spontex, a cleaning sponge brand, was intended as a pejorative to disparage the GP's antiauthori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton Liberation Front
The Breton Liberation Front ( br, Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh, french: Front de Libération de la Bretagne or FLB) was a paramilitary organisation founded in 1963 whose aims were to seek greater autonomy for the region of Brittany (Breton language Breizh) separate from the rest of France. Brittany is a province in northwest France, and formed an independent Duchy of Brittany until the treaty of union in 1532. The group allegedly had strong allies with ETA (separatist group) as their struggles were almost the same. History Breton Nationalism had been a significant force in the early 20th century through the Breton National Party, but it has been discredited by its association with collaborationism in World War II. The FLB represented a new wave of nationalist politics associated with anti-colonialist ideology. The group claimed that Brittany was oppressed by France acting as a colonial power. Citizens of Brittany, or, Bretons, retain their own national identity including an independent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palace Of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, under the direction of the French Ministry of Culture, by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles. Some 15,000,000 people visit the palace, park, or gardens of Versailles every year, making it one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Louis XIII built a simple hunting lodge on the site of the Palace of Versailles in 1623 and replaced it with a small château in 1631–34. Louis XIV expanded the château into a palace in several phases from 1661 to 1715. It was a favorite residence for both kings, and in 1682, Louis XIV moved the seat of his court and government to Versailles, making the palace the ''de facto'' capital of France. This state of affairs was continued by Kings Louis XV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Justice (France)
The Ministry of Justice (french: Ministère de la Justice) is a ministerial department of the Government of France, also known in French as . It is headed by the Minister of Justice, also known as the Keeper of the Seals, a member of the Council of Ministers. The ministry's headquarters are on Place Vendôme, Paris. Organization * Minister of Justice: The current Minister of Justice is Éric Dupond-Moretti since July 2020. * The Judicial Services Directorate ( (known as DSJ) is responsible for the civil courts. The DSJ contributes to the drafting of texts and provides its opinion on laws being drafted and regulations that regards the courts. * The Civil Affairs and Seals Directorate ( (DACS) * The Criminal Matters and Pardons Directorate () (DACG) contributes to drafting criminal justice texts that lay down the rules for proceedings, judgment, and enforcement of rulings and oversees their application. * The Prison Administration Directorate a.k.a. French Prison Service ( (D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palais De Justice, Paris
The Palais de Justice (; '"Palace of Justice"), is a judicial center and courthouse in Paris, located on the Île de la Cité. It contains the Court of Appeal of Paris, the busiest appellate court in France, and France's highest court for ordinary cases, the Court of Cassation. It formerly housed the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris which was relocated in 2018 to a new high-rise building in Paris's Batignolles neighborhood. The Palais de Justice occupies a large part of the medieval Palais de la Cité, the former royal palace of the Kings of France, which also includes Sainte Chapelle, the royal chapel, and the Conciergerie, a notorious former prison, which operated from 1380 to 1914. It is located in close proximity to the Tribunal of Commerce, the Prefecture of Police of Paris, and the offices of the Paris Bar Association. History Royal Courtroom to Revolutionary courtroom Under King Robert II of France the Palais de la Cité began to serve as the home of a hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alain Peyrefitte
Alain Peyrefitte (; 26 August 1925 – 27 November 1999) was a French scholar and politician. He was a confidant of Charles de Gaulle and had a long career in public service, serving as a diplomat in Germany and Poland. Peyrefitte is remembered for his support for partitioning Algeria amid the Algerian War. Peyrefitte served as Minister of Information from 1962 to 1966, establishing the rules of presidential debates between the two electoral rounds; and as Minister of Justice from 1977 to 1981, being involved in the affair surrounding the mysterious death of Robert Boulin in 1979. He became a member of the Académie française in 1977. On 15 December 1986, he survived an assassination attempt by members of Action Directe (AD) in front of his house. The driver of his car was killed in the bomb attack. Upon his death in 1999 he was honored by burial in Les Invalides which also houses the tomb of Napoleon and other revered national leaders. Books He wrote ''The Immobile Empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Internationalist Action Groups
The Revolutionary Internationalist Action Groups (french: Groupes d'action révolutionnaires internationalistes; es, Grupos de Acción Revolucionaria Internacionalista; GARI) was an anarchist and anti-Francoist terrorist group in France in the 1970s. History GARI was founded after the execution by Spain's Francoist regime of the Spanish anarchist Salvador Puig Antich and the crackdown by the Spanish police of the Iberian Liberation Movement ''Movimiento Ibérico de Liberación'' (MIL), the outfit to which Salvador Puig Antich belonged. Based mainly in the south of France around Toulouse, the group was formed by French and Spanish anti-fascists. Several GARI members, among whom Jean-Marc Rouillan, a former member of the Iberian Liberation Movement, would later create the leftist terrorist group ''Action directe''. It was responsible for a car bombing against an Iberia Airlines office in Brussels, Belgium, that injured two people. See also * Anarchism in France * Communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
