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Aquaspirillum Delicatum
''Aquaspirillum'' /ˌakwəspəˈrɪləm/ is a genus of helical aerobic bacteria in the family ''Neisseriaceae'' that lives in freshwater. Taxonomy In 1832, the genus ''Spirillum'' was created and encompassed an array of helical bacteria. In 1957, the large genus was reviewed and narrowed to include 19 species based on morphology and a few other physiological characteristics. The genus ''Aquaspirillum'' was not created until 1973, when another review of ''Spirillum'' led to the division of the genus into ''Aquaspirillum'', ''Oceanospirillum'', and ''Spirillum''. Etymology The genus' name is a combination of several words. ''Aqua'' comes from Latin, meaning water; ''speîra'' comes from Greek language, Greek, meaning a spiral; ''spirillum'' come from Neo-Latin, meaning a small spiral. Put together, the genus' name means "small water spiral". Species The new genus comprised the following 13 species when it was created: *''Aquaspirillum anulus'' *''Aquaspirillum aquaticum'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerobic Bacteria
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. The ability to exhibit aerobic respiration may yield benefits to the aerobic organism, as aerobic respiration yields more energy than anaerobic respiration. Energy production of the cell involves the synthesis of Adenosine triphosphate, ATP by an enzyme called ATP synthase. In aerobic respiration, ATP synthase is coupled with an electron transport chain in which oxygen acts as a terminal electron acceptor. In July 2020, Marine biology, marine biologists reported that aerobic microorganisms (mainly), in "Suspended animation, quasi-suspended animation", were found in Sediment, organically poor sediments, up to 101.5 million years old, 250 feet below the Seabed, seafloor in the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) ("the deadest spot in the ocean"), and could be the List of longest-living organisms, longest-living life forms ever found. Types *Obligate aerobes need oxygen to grow. In a process kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquaspirillum Serpens
''Aquaspirillum serpens'' is a species of gram-negative bacteria in the family Neisseriaceae. Description The surface of the cell of ''Aquaspirillum serpens'' has clear structures which take the form of linear bands at intervals of 17-18.5 nanometers (nm). There is also a variety of different patterns of ridges which surround protein subunits at the cell margin. Most of these consist of thin lines towards the edge of the cell wall, but they can be a hexagonal shape. The ridges are usually around 16 nm apart. Flagella ''Aquaspirillum serpens'' is propelled by fewer than fifteen flagella at each of its poles, or ends. The basal body, or protein structure at the base of the flagellum, consists of two pairs of disk-like structures. All of these disks are within the outer membrane of the bacterium. The outer pair of disks are very close to each other; the outermost is 18 nm in diameter and the more inner is 21 nm in diameter. The inner pair of disks have some form of membrane, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which stores chemical energy in a biologically accessible form. Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to transfer chemical energy from nutrients to ATP, with the flow of electrons to an electron acceptor, and then release waste products. If the electron acceptor is oxygen, the process is more specifically known as aerobic cellular respiration. If the electron acceptor is a molecule other than oxygen, this is anaerobic cellular respiration. Fermentation, which is also an anaerobic process, is not respiration, as no external electron acceptor is involved. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, producing large amounts of energy (ATP). Respiration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen () is converted into ammonia (). It occurs both biologically and abiological nitrogen fixation, abiologically in chemical industry, chemical industries. Biological nitrogen fixation or ''diazotrophy'' is catalyzed by enzymes called nitrogenases. These enzyme complexes are encoded by the Nif gene, ''Nif'' genes (or ''Nif'' homologs) and contain iron, often with a second metal (usually molybdenum, but sometimes vanadium). Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria have symbiotic relationships with plants, especially legumes, mosses and aquatic ferns such as ''Azolla''. Looser non-symbiotic relationships between diazotrophs and plants are often referred to as associative, as seen in nitrogen fixation on rice roots. Nitrogen fixation occurs between some termites and fungus, fungi. It occurs naturally in the air by means of NOx, NOx production by lightning. Fixed nitrogen is essential to life on Earth. Organic compounds such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microaerophile
A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere (i.e. < 21% O2; typically 2–10% O2) for optimal growth. A more restrictive interpretation requires the microorganism to be obligate in this requirement. Many microaerophiles are also capnophiles, requiring an elevated concentration of (e.g. 10% CO2 in the case of '' Campylobacter'' ). The original ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellum
A flagellum (; : flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores ( zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are known as flagellates. A microorganism may have from one to many flagella. A gram-negative bacterium '' Helicobacter pylori'', for example, uses its flagella to propel itself through the stomach to reach the mucous lining where it may colonise the epithelium and potentially cause gastritis, and ulcers – a risk factor for stomach cancer. In some swarming bacteria, the flagellum can also function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to wetness outside the cell. Across the three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota, the flagellum has a different structure, protein composition, and mechanism of propulsion but shares the same function of providing motility. The Latin word means " whip" to describe its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytoplasmic Membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the cytoplasm, interior of a Cell (biology), cell from the extracellular space, outside environment (the extracellular space). The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, made up of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterols (a lipid component) interspersed between them, maintaining appropriate membrane Membrane fluidity, fluidity at various temperatures. The membrane also contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer (peripheral) side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes to facilitate interaction with the cell's environment. Glycolipids embedded in the outer lipid layer serve a similar purpose. The cell membrane membrane transport, controls the movement of substances in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polar Membrane
A polarized membrane is a lipid membrane that has a positive electrical charge on one side and a negative charge on another side, which produces the resting potential in living cells. Whether or not a membrane is polarized is determined by the distribution of dissociable protons and permeant ions inside and outside the membrane that travel ''passively'' through ion channel or ''actively'' via ion pump, creating an action potential. Structure and composition Polarized membranes consist of a phospholipid bilayer, with embedded membrane proteins that aid in molecular transport and membrane stability as well as lipids that primarily aid in structure and compartmentalization of membrane proteins. The amphiphilic nature of the phospholipids creates the bilayer structure of the membrane. These phospholipids contain a hydrophilic head region with a phosphate bonded to a variety of functional groups. This head region is localized to face the extracellular space outside of the cell as w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterogeneous
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image. A homogeneous feature is uniform in composition or character (i.e., color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc.); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities. Etymology and spelling The words ''homogeneous'' and ''heterogeneous'' come from Medieval Latin ''homogeneus'' and ''heterogeneus'', from Ancient Greek ὁμογενής (''homogenēs'') and ἑτερογενής (''heterogenēs''), from ὁμός (''homos'', "same") and ἕτερος (''heteros'', "other, another, different") respectively, followed by γένος (''genos'', "kind"); -ous is an adjectival suffix. Alternate spellings omitting the last ''-e-'' (and the associated pronunciations) are common, but mistaken: ''homogenous'' is strictly a biological/pathological term whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquaspirillum Psychrophilum
''Aquaspirillum'' /ˌakwəspəˈrɪləm/ is a genus of helical aerobic bacteria in the family '' Neisseriaceae'' that lives in freshwater. Taxonomy In 1832, the genus ''Spirillum'' was created and encompassed an array of helical bacteria. In 1957, the large genus was reviewed and narrowed to include 19 species based on morphology and a few other physiological characteristics. The genus ''Aquaspirillum'' was not created until 1973, when another review of ''Spirillum'' led to the division of the genus into ''Aquaspirillum'', ''Oceanospirillum'', and ''Spirillum''. Etymology The genus' name is a combination of several words. ''Aqua'' comes from Latin, meaning water; ''speîra'' comes from Greek, meaning a spiral; ''spirillum'' come from Neo-Latin, meaning a small spiral. Put together, the genus' name means "small water spiral". Species The new genus comprised the following 13 species when it was created: *'' Aquaspirillum anulus'' *'' Aquaspirillum aquaticum'' * ''Aquaspiri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquaspirillum Fasciculus
''Aquaspirillum fasciculus'' is a gram-negative freshwater rod in the genus '' Aquaspirillum''. Description The species lives in freshwater and propels itself through flagella. Retrieved March 24, 2016 References Neisseriales Bacteria described in 1976 {{Betaproteobacteria-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
