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Andrew Of Hungary, Prince Of Galicia
Andrew of Hungary (, ; 1210January 1234) was Prince of Galicia–Volhynia between 1227 and 1230, and between 1231 and 1234, and Prince of Zvenyhorod in 1226. Early life Andrew was the youngest (third) son of King Andrew II of Hungary and his wife, Gertrude of Merania. He was born around 1210, according to historian Gyula Kristó. Mór Wertner placed the date of his birth in the period between 1210 and 1212. He was infant, when his mother was assassinated in the autumn of 1213. His name is first mentioned by a letter of Pope Honorius III in February 1217. The infant Andrew's nanny was Alice of French origin, a lady-in-waiting of Queen Yolanda of Courtenay, his father's second spouse. His betrothal to Isabella, a daughter of Leo I, King of Cilicia was decided by their parents during his father's return from the Holy Land in early 1218. Andrew II and Leo I intended them to become joint heirs to the Armenian (Cilician) throne. Pope Honorius confirmed their engagement in 1219. Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Galicia
The Principality of Galicia (; ), also known as Principality of Halych or Principality of Halychian Rus, was a medieval East Slavic principality, and one of the main regional states within the political scope of Kievan Rus', established by members of the oldest line of Yaroslav the Wise's descendants. A characteristic feature of the Galician principality was the important role of the nobility and citizens in political life, and consideration a will which was the main condition for the princely rule. Halych as the capital mentioned in around 1124 as a seat of Ivan Vasylkovych the grandson of Rostislav of Tmutarakan. According to Mykhailo Hrushevsky the realm of Halych was passed to Rostyslav upon the death of his father Vladimir Yaroslavich, but he was banished out of it later by his uncle to Tmutarakan. The realm was then passed to Yaropolk Izyaslavich who was a son of the ruling Grand Prince Iziaslav I of Kiev. Prehistory The first recorded Slavic tribes living in the regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Of Antioch
Philip of Antioch (, ; died 1225), also called Philip of Tripoli, was King of Cilicia, king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1222 to 1225 as the first husband and co-ruler of Isabella of Armenia, Queen Isabella. He was a member of the House of Poitiers. Marriage negotiations A member of the House of Poitiers, Philip was one of the younger sons of Bohemond IV, a Normans, Norman who ruled the Principality of Antioch and the County of Tripoli, and his first wife, Plaisance of Gibelet from the Embriaco family. Raymond-Roupen, Philip's first cousin who had waged the War of the Antiochene Succession with Philip's father for many years, also claimed the throne of Cilicia as the former heir designate of King Leo I. Upon his defeat and imprisonment by Constantine of Baberon, regent on behalf of Leo's daughter Isabella, the Armenians wanted to renew their alliance with Antioch. They requested that Bohemond IV send a husband to their young queen, and Bohemond offered Philip. Since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leszek The White
Leszek the White (; c. 1184/85 – 24 November 1227) was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland in the years 1194–1198, 1199, 1206–1210, and 1211–1227. During the early stages of his reign, his uncle Duke Mieszko III the Old and cousin Władysław III Spindleshanks, from the Greater Polish branch of the royal Piast dynasty, contested Leszek's right to be High Duke.Malcolm Barber, ''The Two Cities''p. 368/ref> Leszek was the third or fourth, but eldest surviving son of Casimir II the Just and his wife Helen of Znojmo. Struggle for the succession When Casimir II died on 5 May 1194, Leszek was only nine or ten years old. K. Jasiński, writing in 2001, puts his birth year as 1184 or 1185, while an older historiography claimed 1186 or 1187. The regency was exercised by his mother Helen, who counted on the help of Mikołaj Gryfita, '' wojewoda'' of Kraków, and Fulko, Bishop of Kraków. However, Leszek's uncle Mieszko III the Old – who had been ruler of Krakó ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zvenigorod
Zvenigorod () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in the Moscow Oblast of western Russia. In 2010 it had a population of about 16,000. History The town's name is based either on a personal name (cf. Zvenislav, Zvenimir) or on a hydronym (cf. the Zvinech, Zvinyaka, Zveniga Rivers); the derivation from "town of ringing (bells)" is a folk etymology. The community has existed since the 12th century, although its first written mention is dated around 1339, in the last will of Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan I of Moscow, Ivan I Daniilovich Kalita, in which he says: "Thus, I pass on to my son Ivan II of Moscow, Ivan: Zvenigorod, Kremchina, Ruza, Ruzsky District, Moscow Oblast, Ruza..." In the historical records, or annals (:ru:Летопись, лéтопись [letopis'] in Russian), Zvenigorod is first mentioned around 1382, soon after Khan (title), khan Tokhtamysh burnt down Moscow, and destroyed a number of towns on the way, including Zvenigorod. Zvenigorod rose to prom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kremenets
Kremenets (, ; ; ) is a city in Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kremenets Raion, and lies north-east of the Pochaiv Lavra. The city is situated in the historic region of Volhynia and features the 12th-century Kremenets Castle. It hosts the administration of Kremenets urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: History According to some sources the Kremenets fortress was built in the 8th or 9th century, and later became a part of Kievan Rus'. The first documented reference to the fortress is given in a Polish encyclopedic dictionary written in 1064. The first reference to Kremenets in Old Slavic literature dates from 1226 when the city's ruler, Mstislav the Bold, defeated the Hungarian army of King Andrew II nearby. During the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1240–1241, Kremenets was one of few cities that Batu Khan failed to capture. In 1382, after the death of Louis I of Hungary, Lithuanian duke Liubartas captured Kreme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasilko Romanovich
Vasylko Romanovych (1199 or 1203–1269 or 1271) was Prince of Belz (1207–1269), Prince of Berestia (1231–1269), and Prince of Volhynia (1231–1269). He was the son of Roman the Great and Anna-Euphrosyne, and the younger brother of Daniel of Galicia (Danylo). Biography After his father's death in 1205, the Galician boyars drove Vasylko, his mother and his brother Daniel from the region. The family was exiled to Poland. However, taking advantage of conflicts between Galician boyars, Hungarians and Poles, the two brothers started a fight to reclaim their rule over Galicia-Volhynia. In 1227 Daniel appointed Vasylko prince of Lutsk, Peresopnytsia and Berestia, and in 1238 his realm spread to western Volhynia including the city of Volodymyr. After the Mongol invasion of Rus' Vasylko was forced to acknowledge Tatar suzerainty, but remained a ruler. In 1259 he was ordered ti burn all of his fortifications except of Kholm. After the death of Daniel Vasylko became the eldest repre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terebovl
Terebovlia (, ; ; ) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. Terebovlia hosts the administration of Terebovlia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 13,661 (2001). History Terebovlia is one of the oldest cities in West Ukraine. It was first mentioned in the chronicles of 1097 (Primary Chronicle). During the Red Ruthenia times it used to be the center of Terebovlia principality. It was called Terebovl. Terebovlia principality included lands of the whole southeast of Galicia, Podolia, and Bukovina. Polish King Casimir III the Great became the suzerain of Halych after the death of his cousin, Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia, when the city became part of the Polish domain. It was fully incorporated into Poland in 1430 during the reign of king Władysław II Jagiełło, while his son Casimir IV Jagiellon granted the town limited Magdeburg Rights. After the rebuilding of the castle in Terebovlia in 1366, Poland (Podole Voivodeship) admin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Przemyśl
Przemyśl () is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. Data for territorial unit 1862000. In 1999, it became part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship. Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a List of Historic Monuments (Poland), Historic Monument of Poland. Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of the Lviv–Przemyśl railway jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Bulgaria, Kievan Rus' (and later Russia), Moldavia and Wallachia (and later Romania), Lithuania and among Baltic Germans. Comparable to Dukes/Grand Dukes, Boyars were second only to the ruling princes, grand princes or tsars from the 10th to the 17th centuries. Etymology Also known as ''bolyar''; variants in other languages include or ; , , ; , ; and . The title Boila is predecessor or old form of the title Bolyar (the Bulgarian word for Boyar). Boila was a title worn by some of the Bulgar aristocrats (mostly of regional governors and noble warriors) in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018). The plural form of boila ("noble"), ''bolyare'' is attested in Bulgar inscriptions and rendered as ''boilades'' or ''boliades'' in the Greek of Byzantine documents. Multiple different derivation theories of the word have been suggested by scholars and linguists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Kalka River
The Battle of the Kalka River was fought between the Mongol Empire, whose armies were led by Jebe and Subutai, and a coalition of several Rus' principalities, including Kievan Rus', Kiev and Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia, Galicia-Volhynia, and the Cumans under Köten. They were under the joint command of Mstislav the Bold and Mstislav III of Kiev. The battle was fought on May 31, 1223 on the banks of the Kalka River in present-day Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, and ended in a decisive Mongol victory. Following the Mongol invasion of Central Asia and the subsequent collapse of the Khwarezmian Empire, a Mongol force under the command of prominent Mongol Noyan, Noyans (generals) Jebe and Subutai advanced into Iraq-i Ajam. Jebe requested permission from the Mongol emperor, Genghis Khan, to continue his conquests for a few years before returning to the main army via the Caucasus. While waiting for Genghis Khan's reply, the duo set out on a raid in which they Mongol invasions of Georgia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Poland During The Piast Dynasty
The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish state. The dynasty was founded by a series of dukes listed by the chronicler Gall Anonymous in the early 12th century: Siemowit, Lestek and Siemomysł. It was Mieszko I, the son of Siemomysł, who is now considered the proper founder of the Polish state at about 960 AD. The ruling house then remained in power in the Polish lands until 1370. Mieszko converted to Christianity of the Western Latin Church in an event known as the Baptism of Poland in 966, which established a major cultural boundary in Europe based on religion. He also completed a unification of the Lechitic tribal lands that was fundamental to the existence of the new country of Poland. Following the emergence of the Polish state, a series of rulers converted the population to Christianity, created a kingdom of Poland in 1025 and integrated Poland into the prevailing culture of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Ruthenian
Ruthenian (see also other names) is an exonymic linguonym for a closely related group of East Slavic linguistic varieties, particularly those spoken from the 15th to 18th centuries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in East Slavic regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Regional distribution of those varieties, both in their literary and vernacular forms, corresponded approximately to the territories of the modern states of Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 18th century, they gradually diverged into regional variants, which subsequently developed into the modern Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Rusyn languages, all of which are mutually intelligible. Several linguistic issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various endonymic (native) and exonymic (foreign) glottonyms (names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
