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Anarchism In Brazil
Anarchism was an influential contributor to the social politics of the First Brazilian Republic. During the epoch of transatlantic migrations, mass migrations of European labourers at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, Anarchism, anarchist ideas started to spread, particularly amongst the country’s labour movement. Along with the labour migrants, many Italo-Brazilian, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and German political exiles arrived, many holding anarchist or Anarcho-syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalist ideas. Some did not come as exiles but rather as a type of political entrepreneur, including Giovanni Rossi (anarchist), Giovanni Rossi's anarchist Commune (intentional community), commune, the Cecília Colony, which lasted few years but at one point consisted of 200 individuals. The working conditions and the oligarchic political system of the First Republic, which made it difficult for workers to participate, meant that anarchism quickly gained s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
São Paulo (Greve De 1917)
São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the capital of the state of São Paulo, as well as the most populous city in Brazil, the Americas, and both the Western and Southern Hemispheres. Listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as an alpha global city, it exerts substantial international influence in commerce, finance, arts, and entertainment. It is the largest urban area by population outside Asia and the most populous Portuguese-speaking city in the world. The city's name honors Paul the Apostle and people from the city are known as ''paulistanos''. The city's Latin motto is ''Non ducor, duco'', which translates as "I am not led, I lead." Founded in 1554 by Jesuit priests, the city was the center of the ''bandeirantes'' settlers during Colonial Brazil, but it became a relevant economic force only during the Brazilian coffee cycle in the mid-19th century and later consolidated its role as the main national economic hub with industriali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Redemocratization In Brazil
The redemocratization of Brazil () was the 1974–1988 period of liberalization under the country's military dictatorship, ending with the decline of the regime, the signing of the country's new constitution, and the transition to democracy. Then-president Ernesto Geisel began the process of liberalization (nicknamed ) in 1974, by allowing for the Brazilian Democratic Movement opposition party's participation in congressional elections. He worked to address human rights violations and began to undo the military dictatorship's founding legislation, the Institutional Acts, in 1978. General João Figueiredo, elected the next year, continued the transition to democracy, freeing the last political prisoners in 1980 and instituting direct elections in 1982. The 1985 election of a ruling opposition party marked the military dictatorship's end. The process of liberalization ultimately was successful, culminating with the promulgation of the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. The democratiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Republican Party Of São Paulo
The Paulista Republican Party (, PRP) was a Brazilian political party founded on April 18, 1873 during the and sparked the first modern republicanism, republican movement in Brazil. Its followers were called ''perrepistas''. PRP was the predominant political party in the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo throughout the First Brazilian Republic. At the federal level, it allied, in most cases, with the Mineiro Republican Party, Mineiro Republican Party (PRM) in elections and power alternation through the coffee with milk politics. During its active period, the party elected four President of Brazil, presidents of the republic: Campos Sales, Campos Salles (1898), Rodrigues Alves (1902 and 1918), Washington Luís (1922), and Júlio Prestes (1930). PRP was dissolved on December 2, 1937, during the Estado Novo (Brazil), Estado Novo. Origin PRP was a republican party with legal existence, even during the Empire of Brazil period, founded during the Convention of Itu on April 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
International Workers' Day
International Workers' Day, also called Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of Wage labour, labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement and occurs every year on 1 May, or the first Monday in May. Traditionally, 1 May is the date of the European Spring (season), spring festival of May Day. The International Workers Congresses of Paris, 1889, International Workers Congress held in Paris in 1889 established the Second International for labor, socialist, and Marxist parties. It adopted a resolution for a "great international demonstration" in support of working-class demands for the eight-hour day. The date was chosen by the American Federation of Labor to commemorate a general strike in the United States, which had begun on 1 May 1886 and culminated in the Haymarket affair on 4 May. The demonstration subsequently became a yearly event. The 1904 International Socialist Congress, Amsterdam 1904, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rio De Janeiro (state)
Rio de Janeiro () is one of the States of Brazil, 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo (state), São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of the Brazilian Gross domestic product, GDP. The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast (assigned by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, IBGE). Rio de Janeiro shares borders with all the other states in the same Southeast macroregion: Minas Gerais (North, N and Ordinal directions, NW), Espírito Santo (Ordinal direction, NE) and São Paulo (state), São Paulo (Ordinal directions, SW). It is bounded on the east and south by the South Atlantic Ocean. Rio de Janeiro has an area of . Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, which was the capital of the Portuguese Colonial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Group Of Italian Anarchists, On The Initiative Of Giovanni Rossi, Embarked For Brazil, 1890
A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together. Groups of people * Cultural group, a group whose members share the same cultural identity * Ethnic group, a group whose members share the same ethnic identity * Religious group (other), a group whose members share the same religious identity * Social group, a group whose members share the same social identity * Tribal group, a group whose members share the same tribal identity * Organization, an entity that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment * Peer group, an entity of three or more people with similar age, ability, experience, and interest * Class (education), a group of people which attends a specific course or lesson at an educational institution Social science * In-group and out-group * Primary, secondary, and reference groups * Social group * Collectives Philosophy and religion * Khandha, a Buddhist concept of five material and mental factors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Brazilian Coffee Cycle
In Economic history of Brazil, Brazil's economic history, the coffee cycle () was a period in which coffee was the main export product of the Economy of Brazil, Brazilian economy. It began in the mid-19th century and ended in 1930. The coffee cycle succeeded the Brazilian Gold Rush, gold cycle, which had come to an end after the exhaustion of the mines a few decades earlier, and put an end to the economic crisis generated by this decadence. Coffee had been brought to Brazil in 1727, but was never produced in large scale, being cultivated mostly for domestic consumption. Its production lagged far behind that of other products. Coffee's rise was only due to a favorable internal and external scenario that made its cultivation advantageous. Coffee production developed rapidly throughout the 19th century, so that by the 1850s it was responsible for almost half of Brazil's exports. The Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast region of the country was chosen for the plantations because it o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo (, ) is one of the Federative units of Brazil, 26 states of the Brazil, Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. It is located in the Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast Region and is bordered by the states of Minas Gerais to the north and northeast, Paraná (state), Paraná to the south, Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro to the east and Mato Grosso do Sul to the west, in addition to the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is divided into List of municipalities in São Paulo, 645 municipalities. The total area is km2, which is equivalent to 2.9% of Brazil's surface, being slightly larger than the United Kingdom. Its capital is the São Paulo, municipality of São Paulo. With more than 44 million inhabitants in 2022, São Paulo is the Federative units of Brazil#List, most populous Brazilian state (around 22% of the Brazilian population), the List of first-level administrative divisions by population, world's 28th-mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lei Áurea
The (; ), officially Law No. 3,353 of 13 May 1888, is the law that abolished slavery in Brazil. It was signed by Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (1846–1921), an opponent of slavery, who acted as regent to Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, Pedro II, who was in Europe. The ''Lei Áurea'' was preceded by the Rio Branco Law of 28 September 1871 ("the Law of Free Birth"), which freed all children born to slave parents, and by the Saraiva-Cotegipe Law (also known as "the Law of Sexagenarians"), of 28 September 1885, that freed slaves when they reached the age of 60. Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery. Background Aside from the activities of Abolitionism in Brazil, abolitionists, there were a number of reasons for the signing of the law: slavery was no longer profitable, as the wages of European immigration to Brazil, European immigrants, whose working conditions were poor, cost less than the upkeep of slaves, and the decline in the arrival of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
European Immigration To Brazil
European immigration to Brazil refers to the movement of European people to Brazil. It should not be confused with the colonisation of the country by the Portuguese. According to the 2022 census, 88.8% (180 million) of Brazilians are of European descent. 43.46% (88 million) are of European descent only and identify as White. 45.34% (92 million) are descendants of Europeans mixed with Africans or indigenous people and declare themselves as Pardo. History Maria Stella Ferreira Levy suggests the following periodisation of the process of immigration to Brazil: *1. 1820-1876: small number of immigrants (about 6,000 per year), predominance of Portuguese (45.73%), with significant numbers of Germans (12.97%); *2. 1877-1903: large number of immigrants (about 71,000 per year), predominance of Italians (58.49%); *3. 1904-1930: large number of immigrants (about 79,000 per year), predominance of the Portuguese (36.97%); *4. 1931-1963: declining number of immigrants (about 33,500 per year) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
2014 Protests In Brazil
The 2014 protests in Brazil, also known as There won't be a Cup or Fifa go homeSILVA, Geraldo (2013). ‘Call me the World Cup and invest in me’†. A commentary on Brazil’s recent street protests against the World Cup and the Olympic Games. Taylor and Francis. were public demonstrations in several Brazilian cities in response to the 2014 FIFA World Cup and other social issues, done by many social movements A social movement is either a loosely or carefully organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of ..., mostly in the capitals where the megaevent was happening, Their main criticism was the high government spending on the World Cup to the detriment of low investment in public services. Furthermore, they criticized forced evictions and lack of policies in favor of decent housing, urban militarization and Police violence in Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
