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All-China Women's Federation
The All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) is a women's rights people's organization established in China on 24 March 1949. It was originally called the All-China Democratic Women's Foundation, and was renamed the All-China Women's Federation in 1957. It has acted as the official leader of the women's movement in China since its founding. It is responsible for promoting government policies on women, and protecting women's rights within the government, while liberating them from traditional norms within society and involving them in social revolution with the aim to promote their overall status and welfare in Chinese society. As a united political community, women in the ACWF achieved political momentum, power among the male elite, and required representation. History Pre-1949: Women's movement prior to the CCP and predecessors The early women's movement in China focused on eradicating the assumption that women were inferior to men. The early reformers believed that women needed hel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Organization
People's organization is a generic term for organizations in the China, People's Republic of China excluding governments, the official departments of government, and State-owned enterprises of China, state-owned enterprises or institutions, yet are recognized to be a part of Chinese Communist Party's United Front (China), united front. List of people's organizations Represented at the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Other people's organizations See also *Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference *Corporatism *Government-organized non-governmental organization References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cai Chang
Cai Chang (; EFEO: ''Ts'ai Tch'ang''; 14 May 1900 – 11 September 1990) was a Chinese politician and women's rights activist who was the first chair of the All-China Women's Federation, a Chinese women's rights organization. Early life Cai Chang was born in 1900 to a lower middle class family in China. Her mother left her husband, and enabled her children to attend school by selling her belongings. Cai believed strongly in women's education, and spurned the idea of marriage in favor of a vow of celibacy. Her mother aided her in this by avoiding an arranged marriage for Cai. Cai attended the Zhounan Girls' Middle School at Changsha until 1916. In the winter of 1917–1918, she became one of the first women to join the New People's Study Society, a work study program put in place by Mao Zedong and Cai's brother, Cai Hesen. This group advocated for women to create their own self-help groups and to become active in politics. Cai, her mother, Cai Hesen, and Cai Hesen's future ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of authority are primarily held by men. The term ''patriarchy'' is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in feminist theory to describe a broader social structure in which men as a group dominance hierarchy, dominate society. Sociobiologists compare human gender roles to sexed behavior in other primates and argue that gender inequality originates from genetic and reproductive differences between men and women. Patriarchal ideology explains and rationalizes patriarchy by attributing gender inequality to inherent Gender essentialism, natural differences between men and women, divine commandment, or other fixed structures. Social constructionists sociologists tend to disagree with biological explanations of patriarchy and contend that socialization processes are primarily responsible for establishing gender roles, they further argue that gender roles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chen Zhili UNDP 2009
Chen or Ch'en may refer to: People *Chen (surname) (陳 / 陈), a common Chinese surname *Chen (singer) (born 1992), member of the South Korean-Chinese boy band EXO * Chen Chen (poet) (born 1989), Chinese-American poet * (), a Hebrew first name or surname: ** Hen Lippin (born 1965), former Israeli basketball player ** Chen Kugel (born 1962), Israeli pathologist who did an autopsy on Yahya Sinwar **Chen Reiss (born 1979), Israeli operatic soprano ** Ronen Chen (born 1965), Israeli fashion designer Historical states *Chen (state) (c. 1045 BC–479 BC), a Zhou dynasty state in present-day Anhui and Henan *Chen (Thessaly), a city-state in ancient Thessaly, Greece * Chen Commandery, a commandery in China from Han dynasty to Sui dynasty *Chen dynasty (557–589), a Chinese southern dynasty during the Northern and Southern dynasties period Businesses and organizations * Council for Higher Education in Newark (CHEN) * Chen (), acronym in Hebrew for the Women's Army Corps (, ) a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Modernizations
The Four Modernizations (simplified Chinese: 四个现代化; traditional Chinese: 四個現代化) were goals formally announced by China's first Premier Zhou Enlai to strengthen the fields of agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology in China. The Four Modernizations were adopted as a means of rejuvenating China's economy in 1977, following the death of Mao Zedong, and later were among the defining features of Deng Xiaoping's tenure as the paramount leader of China. At the beginning of " Reform and Opening-up", Deng further proposed the idea of "''xiaokang''" or "Moderately prosperous society" in 1979. Summary The Four Modernizations refer to modernization of agriculture, industry, science and technology, and national defense. These were viewed as essential to China's economic development. They were introduced as early as January 1963 at the Conference on Scientific and Technological Work held in Shanghai, Zhou Enlai called for professionals in the scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gang Of Four
The Gang of Four () was a Maoist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) and were later charged with a series of treasonous crimes due to their responsibility for the excesses and failures in the Cultural Revolution. The gang's leading figure was Jiang Qing (Mao Zedong's last wife). The other members were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen. The Gang of Four controlled the power organs of the CCP through the later stages of the Cultural Revolution, although it remains unclear which major decisions were made by Mao Zedong and carried out by the Gang, and which were the result of the Gang of Four's own planning. Their fall did not amount to a rejection of the Cultural Revolution as such; it was organized by the new leader, Chairman Hua Guofeng, and others who had risen during that period. Significant repudiation of the entire process of change came later, with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadre System Of The Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) maintains a system to train, organize, appoint, and oversee personnel to fulfill a wide range of civil service-type roles in party, state, military, business, and other organizations across the People's Republic of China. The system is composed of the several million full-time, professional staff. China is a one-party state under the CCP. The management of cadres is one of the ways the CCP controls the state and influences wider society. Personnel must be loyal to the CCP, but are not always members themselves. Cadres are not only trained to be competent administrators, but also ideologically faithful to the party and its pursuit of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Definition The word '' cadre'' most broadly refers to the staff that are tasked with the management of state and/or party affairs. Based on the Leninist concept of vanguardism, a cadre is a full-time, professional revolutionary dedicated to the goals of a communist party, who w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mao Zedong's Cult Of Personality
Mao Zedong's cult of personality was a prominent part of Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Chairman Mao Zedong's History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976), rule over the China, People's Republic of China from Proclamation of the People's Republic of China, the state's founding in 1949 until Death of Chairman Mao, his death in 1976. Mass media in China, Mass media, Propaganda in China, propaganda and a series of other techniques were used by the state to elevate Mao Zedong's status to that of an infallible heroic leader, who could stand up Anti-Western sentiment in China, against the West, and guide China to become a beacon of communism. Mao Zedong himself recognized a need for Cult of personality, personality cult, blaming the fall of Khrushchev on the lack of such a cult. During the period of Cultural Revolution, Mao's personality cult soared to an unprecedented height, and he took advantage of it to mobilize the masses and attack his political opponents suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a Social movement, sociopolitical movement in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). It was launched by Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until his death in 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party, Chinese socialism by purging remnants of Capitalism, capitalist and Four Olds, traditional elements from Chinese culture, Chinese society. In May 1966, with the help of the Cultural Revolution Group, Mao launched the Revolution and said that Bourgeoisie, bourgeois elements had infiltrated the government and society with the aim of restoring capitalism. Mao called on young people to Bombard the Headquarters, bombard the headquarters, and proclaimed that "to rebel is justified". Mass upheaval began in Beijing with Red August in 1966. Many young people, mainly students, responded by forming Cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party, cadres of Red Guards th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessment to form Cambridge University Press and Assessment under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 countries, it published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publications include more than 420 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also published Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also served as the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abortion In China
Abortion in the People's Republic of China is legal at all stages of pregnancy and generally accessible nationwide. Abortions are available to most women through China's family planning program, public hospitals, private hospitals, and clinics nationwide. China was one of the first developing countries to permit abortion when the pregnant woman's health was at risk and make it easily accessible under these circumstances in the 1950s. Following the Chinese Communist Revolution and the proclamation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the country has periodically switched between more restrictive abortion policies to more liberal abortion policies and reversals. Abortion regulations may vary depending on the rules of the province. In an effort to curb sex-selective abortion, Jiangxi and Guizhou restrict non-medically necessary abortions after 14 weeks of pregnancy, while throughout most of China elective abortions are legal after 14 weeks. Although sex-selective abortions are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Planning Policies Of China
Family planning policies historically enacted by the People's Republic of China have included specific birth quotas (three-child policy, Two-child policy#People's Republic of China, two-child policy, and the one-child policy) as well as harsh enforcement of such quotas. Together, these elements constitute the Human population planning, population planning program of . China's program should not be confused with the family planning programs instituted in other countries, which were designed to encourage parents to have the number of children they desired—in China, the provision of contraception through family planning programs was subservient to a birth planning program under which the government designated how many births parents could have in order to control the size of its population. In Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Chairman Mao Zedong's time, the Chinese government had an ambiguous and changing attitude toward family planning, especially during the Great Leap Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
