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Ali Hassan Al-Majid
Colonel General Ali Hassan al-Majid al-Tikriti (; – 25 January 2010), was an Iraqi military officer and politician under Saddam Hussein who served as Defense minister, Interior minister, and chief of the General Security. He was also the governor of Kuwait during much of the Gulf War. A first cousin of former Ba'athist Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, al-Majid became notorious in the 1980s and 1990s for his alleged role in the Iraqi government's campaigns against internal opposition forces, namely the Kurdish rebels of the north, and the Shia rebels of the south. Repressive measures included deportations and mass killings; al-Majid was dubbed "Chemical Ali" (, ) by Iraqis for his use of chemical weapons in attacks against the Kurds."How the mighty are falling" ''The Economist'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate Of General Security
The Directorate of General Security (DGS) () also known as Internal State Security was a domestic Iraqi Intelligence Service, Iraqi intelligence agency.Hiltermann, Joost. ''Bureaucracy of Repression: The Iraqi Government in Its Own Words''. Human Rights Watch, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2019. History The DGS was founded in 1921 during the List of Kings of Iraq, Iraqi monarchy, and it operated under the Ministry of Interior (Iraq), Ministry of the Interior until 1968. Its police and military officers were charged with the "general security of the state and its property", which included the use of torture and monitoring of dissent. It was trained by Egypt’s State Security Investigations Service, State Security in the 1960’s.Hiro, Dilip. ''Neighbors, Not Friends: Iraq and Iran After the Gulf Wars''. Routledge, 2004. p. 54–55 Kzar coup Nadhim Kzar was named director by Saddam Hussein in 1969 after the DGS had deteriorated under 10 years (1958–1968) of army rule.al-Khalil, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Execution By Hanging
Hanging is killing a person by suspending them from the neck with a noose or ligature strangulation, ligature. Hanging has been a standard method of capital punishment since the Middle Ages, and has been the primary execution method in numerous countries and regions. The first known account of execution by hanging is in Homer's ''Odyssey''. Hanging is also a Suicide by hanging, method of suicide. Methods of judicial hanging There are numerous methods of hanging in execution that instigate death either by cervical fracture or by Strangling, strangulation. Short drop The short drop is a method of hanging in which the condemned prisoner stands on a raised support, such as a stool, ladder, cart, horse, or other vehicle, with the noose around the neck. The support is then moved away, leaving the person dangling from the rope. Suspended by the neck, the weight of the body tightens the noose around the neck, effecting strangulation and death. Loss of consciousness is typically rapid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Defense Battalions (Iraq)
The National Defense Battalions (; NDB) were an Iraqi Kurdish paramilitary and gendarmerie force. They were initially formed as a Kurdish pro-government militia used by Abdul-Karim Qasim during the First Iraqi–Kurdish War. However, under Saddam Hussein, the NDB grew exponentially in size and was incorporated into the government's security apparatus and played a prominent role in the Iran-Iraq War. Many of its members defected to the Peshmerga during the 1991 Iraqi uprisings. However, despite being weakened, the NDB survived until it was dissolved after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Structure The NDB was established as a militia during the First Iraqi–Kurdish War. Following the Ramadan Revolution, the Iraqi Ba'ath Party came to power and recruited various Kurdish tribal leaders, allowing them to form militias as long as their allegiance was to Iraq. These units were armed with light weapons and were tasked with policing Kurdish areas, as well as providing intelligence to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonel General
Colonel general is a military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically General officer#Old European system, general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and was a rank above full , but below . The rank of colonel general also exists in the armed forces organized along the lines of the Soviet model, where it is comparable to that of a lieutenant general. Austria-Hungary In the Austro-Hungarian Army, the second-highest rank was colonel general (, ). The rank was introduced in 1915, following the German model. The rank was not used after World War I in the Austrian Federal Army, Austrian Army of the Republic. Kuk ColGen 1918.svg, Insignia of an Austro-Hungarian Army colonel general Hungary The rank of () is still used in Hungary. The rank replaced the ranks of (general of infantry), (general of cavalry), and (general of artillery) in the early 1940s. Since 1991, has been the hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ba'athist Iraq
Ba'athist Iraq, officially the Iraqi Republic (1968–1992) and later the Republic of Iraq (1992–2003), was the Iraqi state between 1968 and 2003 under the one-party rule of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, Iraqi regional branch of the Ba'ath Party, Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The regime emerged as a result of the 17 July Revolution which brought the Ba'athists to power, and lasted until the 2003 invasion of Iraq, U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. This period has been described as Iraq's longest period of internal stability since independence in 1932. The Ba'ath Party, led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, came to power in Iraq through the bloodless 17 July Revolution, 17 July 1968 Revolution, which overthrew president Abdul Rahman Arif and prime minister Tahir Yahya.''Saddam (name), Saddam'', pronounced , is his personal name, and means ''the stubborn one'' or ''he who confronts'' in Arabic. ''Hussein'' (Sometimes also transliterated as ''Hussayn'' or ''Hussain'') i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Republic (1958-1968)
Republic of Iraq (), retroactively known as First Iraqi Republic and also as, Iraqi Republic, Qasimist Iraq (1958–1963) and Nasserist Iraq (1963–1968), was the Iraqi state forged in 1958 under the rule of President of Iraq, President Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i and Prime Minister of Iraq, Prime Minister Abdul-Karim Qasim. ar-Ruba'i and Qasim first came to power through the 14 July Revolution in which the Kingdom of Iraq's Hashemites, Hashemite dynasty was overthrown. As a result, the Kingdom and the Arab Federation were dissolved and the Iraqi republic established. Arab nationalism, Arab nationalists later took power and overthrew Qasim in the Ramadan Revolution in February 1963, and then Nasserism, Nasserists consolidated their power after another November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, coup in November 1963. The era ended with the Ba'athism, Ba'athist rise to power in a 17 July Revolution, coup in July 1968. Territorial change Iraq reverted to control over the territory of the forme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khairallah Talfah
Khairallah Talfah ( ; 1910 – 20 April 1993) was an Iraqi military officer, politician, and author. He was the maternal uncle and father-in-law of Saddam Hussein. He was the father of Saddam's first wife Sajida Talfah and of Iraqi defense minister Adnan Khairallah. Under the Saddam regime, Talfah served as governor of Baghdad from 1979 to 1981, when he was removed from his position on charges of corruption. Born in the village of Al-Awja near Tikrit, many of Talfah's family members were Arab nationalists who opposed the Ottoman Empire. Talfah himself would also adopt the ideology against British rule in Iraq, eventually participating in the 1941 coup d'état, which brought the anti-British Rashid Ali al-Gaylani to power with aid from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. However, the British quickly suppressed al-Gaylani's government in the ensuing Anglo-Iraqi War, leading to Talfah's imprisonment. Following his release, his anti-British political activities continued, and he p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saddam Kamel
Saddam Kamel Hassan al-Majid (; 1 June 1960 – 23 February 1996) was the first cousin once removed and son-in-law of deposed Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. He was also a part-time actor. Biography He was married to Rana Hussein and was the brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid (who was also married to a daughter of Saddam, Raghad Hussein). King Abdullah II of Jordan, '' Our Last Best Chance'', New York, New York: Viking Press, 2011, p. 95 He was for a time head of the Republican Guard. He was removed from the position in 1986 in favour of Saddam Hussein's son, Qusay Hussein, who had then come into majority. Due to his close resemblance to the Iraqi leader, he played the part of Saddam Hussein in the film '' The Long Days'', a propagandistic movie account of Saddam Hussein's early life and rise to power. In 1995, he defected from Iraq with his brother Hussein Kamel al-Majid and their wives. His brother gave information to UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6 about Iraq's weapons of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hussein Kamel Al-Majid
Colonel General Hussein Kamel Hassan al-Majid () (1954 – 23 February 1996) was an Iraqi military officer and the son-in-law and first cousin once removed of former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. He defected to Jordan and assisted United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspection teams assigned to look for weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. He was killed the following year for betraying Saddam. Early life and military career Hussein was born in Tel Al Thahab (in modern-day Balad District, Saladin Governorate). He rose through the military ranks to become the Supervisor of the Republican Guard, Iraq's elite military force, in 1982. He later became the Minister of Industries, heading the Military Industrialisation Commission and supervising Iraq's weapons development programs from 1987. Hussein became Oil Minister of Iraq in 1990. Hussein married one of Saddam Hussein's daughters, Raghad Saddam, and lived in Iraq until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 until Saddam Hussein statue destruction, his overthrow in 2003 during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, U.S. invasion of Iraq. He previously served as the Vice President of Iraq, vice president from 1968 to 1979 and also as the prime minister of Iraq, prime minister from 1979 to 1991 and later from 1994 to 2003. A leading member of the Ba'ath Party, Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, he espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, while the policies and political ideas he championed are collectively known as Saddamism. Born near the city of Tikrit to a Sunni Islam, Sunni Arabs, Arab family, Saddam joined the revolutionary Ba'ath Party in 1957. He played a key role in the 17 July Revolution that brought the Ba'athists to power and made him Vice President of Iraq, vice president under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. During his tenure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatima Hassan Al-Majid
Fatima bint Muhammad (; 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fatima al-Zahra' (), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija. Fatima's husband was Ali, the fourth of the Rashidun caliphs and the first Shia imam. Fatima's sons were Hasan and Husayn, the second and third Shia imams, respectively. Fatima has been compared to Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Shia Islam. Muhammad is said to have regarded her as the best of women and the dearest person to him. She is often viewed as an ultimate archetype for Muslim women and an example of compassion, generosity, and enduring suffering. It is through Fatima that Muhammad's family line has survived to this date. Her name and her epithets remain popular choices for Muslim girls. When Muhammad died in 632, Fatima and her husband Ali refused to acknowledge the authority of the first caliph, Abu Bakr. The couple and their supporters held that Ali was the rightful successor of Muhammad, possibly referring to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
