African American Libraries
The history of libraries for African Americans in the United States includes the earliest Racial segregation in the United States, segregated Library, libraries for African Americans that were school libraries. The fastest library growth happened in urban cities such as Atlanta while rural towns, particularly in the American South, were slower to add Black libraries. Andrew Carnegie and the Works Progress Administration helped establish libraries for African Americans, including at Historically black colleges and universities, historically Black college and university campuses. Many public and private libraries were segregated until after the U.S. Supreme Court ruling of Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Books for and about African Americans were scarce in the early 20th century. History William Whipper helped found the Reading Room Society established in Philadelphia in 1828 was a social library for African Americans. In 1831 the Female Literary Society, a social library for ...
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Racial Segregation In The United States
Facilities and services such as housing, healthcare, education, employment, and transportation have been systematically separated in the United States based on racial categorizations. Notably, racial segregation in the United States was the legally and/or socially enforced separation of African Americans from whites, as well as the separation of other ethnic minorities from majority communities. While mainly referring to the physical separation and provision of separate facilities, it can also refer to other manifestations such as prohibitions against interracial marriage (enforced with anti-miscegenation laws), and the separation of roles within an institution. The U.S. Armed Forces were formally segregated until 1948, as black units were separated from white units but were still typically led by white officers. In the 1857 Dred Scott case ('' Dred Scott v. Sandford''), the U.S. Supreme Court found that Black people were not and could never be U.S. citizens and that ...
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