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Afghan Tribal Revolts Of 1944–1947
The Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947 or the Khost disturbances were a series of tribal revolts in the Kingdom of Afghanistan by Zadran, Safi and Mangal tribesmen which lasted from February 1944 to January 1947. The causes of the revolts lay in the worsening conditions of farmers, changes in conscription laws, the elimination of the power of Safi tribal leaders, Amanullah loyalism, trading monopolies, government surveillance, taxation, and poverty. The conflict began when government forces clashed with the forces of a tribal leader named Mazrak, who led the Zadran tribe in revolt. The Zadran uprising was followed by additional uprisings by the Safi and Mangal, the former of which elected their own king, Salemai. Faqir of Ipi, a tribal leader from Waziristan (then part of British India), also fought for the restoration of former king Amanullah Khan alongside other rebels. The Afghan government deployed Hawker Hind aircraft against the rebels, using aircraft to drop leaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kingdom Of Afghanistan
The Kingdom of Afghanistan (; ) was a monarchy in Southern Central Asia that was established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan. It was proclaimed by its first king, Amanullah Khan, seven years after he acceded to the throne. The monarchy ended in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état. History Emir Amanullah Khan was keen on modernizing Afghanistan, provoking several uprisings led by his conservative opponents. One such rebellion broke out while he was visiting Europe in 1927. He abdicated in favour of his brother Inayatullah Khan, who only ruled for three days before the leader of the rebellion Habibullāh Kalakāni took power and reinstated the Emirate. After ten months, Amanullah Khan's Minister of War, Mohammad Nadir, returned from exile in India. His armies ousted the Saqqawist government and sacked Kabul. Afterwards, Nadir's forces apprehended and subsequently executed Kalakāni. Mohammed Nadir reinstated the kingdom, was proclaimed King of Afghanis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Waziristan
Waziristan (Persian language, Persian, Pashto, Ormuri, , ) is a mountainous region of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Waziristan region administratively splits among three districts: North Waziristan, Lower South Waziristan District, and Upper South Waziristan District. Waziristan region, consisted of three districts, covers around and is mainly populated by the Burki, Wazir (Pashtun tribe), Mehsud, The Wolves, & Wazir Pashtun tribe, who speak the Waziri dialect of the Pashto language. Etymology The name "Waziristan" is associated with the ancestor of the Pashtun tribes, Mahsud, Mehsud (The Wolves), named Wazir. Both tribes descended from him and are predominantly settled in the Waziristan region. Overview and history Waziristan lies between the Tochi River, Kurram River and the Gomal River. It borders the Kurram Agency in the north, Bannu District, Bannu in the northeast, Tank, Pakistan, Tank in the east, Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Ismail Kha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Amanat Lewana
Amanat Lewana ( 1940s) was an Afghan politician who served as prime minister under Salemai, a king of Afghanistan who ruled only in the Eastern Province. Background In either 1944 or 1945, the Safi tribe rose up against the government of the Kingdom of Afghanistan The Kingdom of Afghanistan (; ) was a monarchy in Southern Central Asia that was established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan. It was proclaimed by its first king, Amanullah Khan, seven years after he acceded to the .... According to British records, the uprising was caused by the Afghan government's attempts to institute conscription among the Safi, trading monopolies granted to Afghan merchant companies, and government surveillance. However, Whit Mason attributes the Safi uprising to "extremely brutal taxation, oppression and poverty". Among the more enthusiastic rebel fighters were younger men with more to gain and less to lose from fighting the government. The Afghan government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
University Of Peshawar
The University of Peshawar (; ; ; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The university is one of the oldest universities in the province, and is ranked as one of the highest rated universities in the country. History The university was founded in 1950 and offers programs for undergraduate, post-graduate, and doctoral studies. With approximately 14,000 enrolled students attending the university, it has six academic faculties with forty postgraduate department as well as two "centers of excellence". The university is known for its research in social, medical, and natural sciences having eight research centers located inside the campus. Spread over an area of as a residential campus, the university is the first public university to be established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In its inaugural year, it had an enrollment of 129, of whom one was a woman. The university was foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ghilzai Rebellion
The Ghiljī (, ; ) also spelled Khilji, Khalji, or Ghilzai and Ghilzay (), are one of the largest Pashtun tribes. Their traditional homeland is Ghazni and Qalati Ghilji in Afghanistan but they have also settled in other regions throughout the Afghanistan-Pakistan Pashtun belt. The modern nomadic Kochi people are predominantly made up of Ghilji tribes. The Ghilji make up around 20–25% of Afghanistan's total population. They mostly speak the central dialect of Pashto with transitional features between the southern and northern varieties of Pashto. Etymology According to historian C.E. Bosworth, the tribal name "Ghilji" is derived from the name of the '' Khalaj'' () tribe. According to historian V. Minorsky, the ancient Turkic form of the name was ''Qalaj'' (or ''Qalach''), but the Turkic / q/ changed to / kh/ in Arabic sources (''Qalaj'' > ''Khalaj''). Minorsky added: "''Qalaj'' could have a parallel form ''*Ghalaj''."; excerpts from "The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gardez
Gardez ( / ; ''Gardēz'', meaning "mountain fortress" in Middle Persian) is the capital of the Paktia Province of Afghanistan. The population of the city was estimated to be ca. 10,000 in the 1979 census and was estimated to be 70,000 in 2008. The majority of the city's native population is Pashtun. The city of Gardez is located at the junction between two important roads that cut, through a huge alpine valley. Surrounded by the mountains and deserts of the Hindu Kush, which boil up from the valley floor to the north, east and west, it is the axis of commerce for a huge area of eastern Afghanistan and has been a strategic location for armies throughout the country's long history of conflict. Observation posts built by Alexander the Great are still crumbling on the hilltops just outside the city limits. The city of Gardez has a population of 70,641 (in 2015). It has 13 districts and a total land area of . The total number of dwellings in this city is 7,849. On 14 August 2021, Garde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Almara
Almara is a village in Khost Province, Afghanistan. It was the birthplace of Zadian chieftain Babrak Khan, and the winter home of his son, Mazrak Zadran. A report in 1980 described the Almara villagers as people who considered it polite to squat when one is taking a meal or when one is in the presence of his or her elderly relatives. See also * Dadwal * Spera, Khost Province * Yakubi Yaqubi is the center of Sabari District in Khost Province, Afghanistan. It is located on at 1,113 m altitude in the southeastern part of the district. Yaqubi was the birthplace and home of Dilawar (torture victim), Dilawar, an Demography of Af ... References Populated places in Khost Province {{Khost-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Southern Province, Afghanistan
The Southern Province was a province of Afghanistan. The former province's capital was Gardez. In March 1924 it was governed by Amr al-Din. A dispute between him and a local magistrate led to the Khost rebellion, which saw the entire province rise up against King Amanullah. The rebellion lasted until January 1925, and 14,000 people perished as a result of it. In 1944–1947, the province was the scene of revolts by various tribes. As of 1946, it had a population of 882,170. It was dissolved in 1964 to create the province of Paktia Paktia (Pashto – ''Paktyā'') is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the east of the country. Forming part of the larger Loya Paktia region, Paktia Province is divided into 15 districts and has a population of roughly 623,0 .... References {{afghanistan-hist-stub Paktia Province Former provinces of Afghanistan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)
The Afghan Civil War of 1928–1929 was fought from 14 November 1928 to 13 October 1929. Rebelling, and subsequently governing Saqqawists, Saqqawist (''Saqāwīhā'') forces under Habibullāh Kalakāni fought against various opposing tribes and rival monarchs in the Kingdom of Afghanistan, among whom Mohammed Nadir Shah, Mohammed Nādir Khān eventually achieved a preponderant role. Despite early successes, such as the capture of Kabul and defeat of Amanullah Khan on 17 January 1929 or the capture of Kandahar on 3 June, the Saqqawists were eventually deposed by anti-Saqqawist forces led by Nadir on 13 October 1929, leading to Nadir's ascension as King of Afghanistan. He ruled until his assassination on 3 November 1933. The war began when the Shinwari tribe revolted in Jalalabad and drew up a manifesto of 10 grievances, 5 of which related to Amanullah's meddling with the status of women. Although this revolt was quelled by a force led by Ali Ahmad Khan, a concurrent Saqqawist upris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Republic Of Afghanistan (1973–1978)
The Republic of Afghanistan (, ; , ) was the first republic in Afghanistan. It is often called the Daoud Republic, as it was established in July 1973 after General ''Sardar'' Mohammad Daoud Khan of the Barakzai dynasty alongside senior Barakzai Princes deposed his cousin, King Mohammad Zahir Shah, in a ''coup d'état''. The occasion for the coup was the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan which took power from most members of the royal family in favour of centralization under Zahir Shah and his offspring under the tenet of democracy. Daoud Khan was known for his autocracy and attempts to modernize the country with help from both the Soviet Union and the United States, among others. In 1978, a military coup known as the Saur Revolution took place, instigated by the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, in which Daoud and his family were killed. The "Daoud Republic" was subsequently succeeded by the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. History Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Animal-powered Transport
A working animal is an animal, usually domestication, domesticated, that is kept by humans and trained to perform tasks. Some are used for their physical strength (e.g. oxen and draft horses) or for transportation (e.g. riding horses and camels), while others are service animals trained to execute certain specialized tasks (e.g. hunting dog, hunting and guide dogs, messenger pigeons, and cormorant fishing, fishing cormorants). They may also be used for milking or herding. Some, at the end of their working lives, may also be used for meat or leather. The history of working animals may predate agriculture as dogs were used by hunter-gatherer ancestors; around the world, millions of animals work in relationship with their owners. Domesticated species are often breed, bred for different uses and conditions, especially horses and working dogs. Working animals are usually raised on farms, though some are still captured from the wild, such as dolphins and some Asian elephants. People ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Zahir Shah Of Afghanistan In 1930s-cropped
Zahir ( Ẓāhir) may refer to: Philosophy * Aẓ-Ẓāhir, one of the names of God in Islam, meaning "The Manifest, The Evident, The Outer". *Zahir (Islam), in Islam, the exterior, surface, or apparent meaning of things *Ẓāhiri, a school of thought in Islamic Jurisprudence Artistic works *"The Zahir" (in the original Spanish, "El Zahir"), a 1949 short story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges * ''The Zahir'' (novel) (in the original Portuguese, ''O Zahir''), a 2005 novel from the Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho People *Zahir (surname) * Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah (1005–1036), seventh caliph of the Fātimids * Az-Zahir of Aleppo (1172-1216), son of Saladin, leader of Ayyubid dynasty *Az-Zahir (Abbasid caliph) (1176–1226), Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1225 to 1226 *al-Ẓāhir Baybars (1223/1228–1277), Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria *az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq (1336-1399), first sultan of the Mamluk Burji dynasty *Zahir-ud-Din Babur Babur (; 14 February 14 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
