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Administración De Ferrocarriles Del Estado
The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (), or AFE, is the autonomous agency of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay charged with rail transport and the maintenance of Uruguayan railways. History On 31 December 1948, Parliament approved projects for acquiring foreign railroads, discharging part of the £17 million which was owed to Uruguay by the United Kingdom because of purchases made during World War II. On 31 January 1949, the railroads were nationalized. That August, the executive branch of government proposed to the General Assembly the creation of a body known as the Land Transport Management of the State (ATTE), charged with the following: *Manage passenger and freight transport by road *Operate and maintain the rail network *Provide services on roads built and maintained by the Ministry of Transportation The monopoly would gradually prepare to take over private enterprises, and the proposal was based on the need to avoid ruinous competition. Having difficulty obtaini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel Locomotive
A diesel locomotive is a type of railway locomotive in which the prime mover (locomotive), power source is a diesel engine. Several types of diesel locomotives have been developed, differing mainly in the means by which mechanical power is conveyed to the driving wheels. The most common are diesel–electric locomotives and diesel–hydraulic. Early internal combustion engine, internal combustion locomotives and railcars used kerosene and gasoline as their fuel. Rudolf Diesel patented his first compression-ignition engine in 1898, and steady improvements to the design of diesel engines reduced their physical size and improved their power-to-weight ratios to a point where one could be mounted in a locomotive. Internal combustion engines only operate efficiently within a limited power band, and while low-power gasoline engines could be coupled to mechanical transmission (mechanics), transmissions, the more powerful diesel engines required the development of new forms of transmiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamberlain, Uruguay
Chamberlain is a village or populated centre of Tacuarembó Department, in northern Uruguay. It is connected by railway with the city of Paysandú Paysandú () is the capital and most populous city of the Paysandú Department in western Uruguay. Located on the banks of the Uruguay River, it is the country's List of cities in Uruguay, fourth-largest city and a vital cultural and economic hu .... Chamberlain is notable as the birthplace of the poet, Sara de Ibáñez. Population In 2011 Chamberlain had a population of 52. Source: ''Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay'' References External linksINE map of Chamberlain Populated places in the Tacuarembó Department {{Tacuarembó-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-access Operator
In rail transport, an open-access operator is an operator that takes full commercial risk, running on infrastructure owned by a third party and buying paths on a chosen route and, in countries where rail services run under franchises, are not subject to franchising. Passenger open-access operators by country Austria * RegioJet * WESTbahn In development * Silverstar Railways Czech Republic * LEO Express * RegioJet Belgium * Eurostar * European Sleeper France * Eurostar * Trenitalia France * Renfe In development * Le Train * Proxima * Kevin Speed Former operators * Izy Germany * Eurostar * FlixTrain * Harz-Berlin-Express * Nightjet * WESTbahn * European Sleeper Former operators * Hamburg-Köln-Express taken over by Flixtrain * Locomore Stuttgart-Berlin route taken over by Leo Express Hungary * RegioJet Italy * DB/ÖBB Italia * Nightjet * NTV (Italo) * Arenaways Netherlands * European Sleeper * Arriva night services In development * GoVo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veinticinco De Agosto
Veinticinco de Agosto, mostly written 25 de Agosto, is a small town in the Florida Department of central Uruguay. Geography It is located on Route 77, about northeast of its intersection with Route 11. The railroad track from Montevideo splits here in two tracks, one towards Salto and one towards Florida, the capital of the department. The river Río Santa Lucía flows along the east limits of the village. History It was recognized as a recently created populated centre by a decree of 1 September 1875 and on 29 April 1912, it was declared a "Pueblo" (village) by the Act of Ley Nº 3.965. Its status was elevated to "Villa" (town) by the Act of Ley Nº 12.297 on 5 July 1956. Population In 2011, Veinticinco de Agosto had a population of 1,849. Source: ''Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay'' Places of worship * Parish Church of the Saints Cosmas and Damian (Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sacyr
SACYR S.A. () is a Spanish infrastructure operator and developer company based in Madrid. History The company was founded in 1986 as Sociedad Anónima Caminos y Regadíos and was renamed Sacyr in 1991. The company received their first concession in 1996, which was the Chilean El Elquí highway. From this moment on, it began its expansion by adding concessions in Chile and Spain and making purchases such as that of Avasa, the highway between Bilbao and Zaragoza. In 2002, it acquired 24.5% of Vallehermoso, a leading Spanish housing business founded in 1921. In 2003 it merged with Vallehermoso to form Sacyr Vallehermoso. In June 2006, Isolux Corsán presented a takeover bid for Europistas at a price of 4.8 euros per share, which meant valuing the company at 646 million euros. On December 1, 2008, an agreement between the Citigroup fund and Sacyr was announced, whereby Sacyr disposed of its subsidiary for €7,887 million, €2,874 million in cash plus €5,013 million in net debt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paso De Los Toros
Paso de los Toros (''Bulls' Pass'') is a city of the Tacuarembó Department in Uruguay. History The Midland Uruguay Railway began operation in 1889 with a line that ran between Paso de los Toros and Salto. On 17 July 1903, the group of houses of the area known as Paso de los Toros was declared a "Pueblo" (village) named "Santa Isabel" and became head of the judicial section of the same name. On 27 November 1929 it was renamed to "Paso de los Toros" and its status was elevated to "Villa" (town) by the Act of Ley Nº 8.523. On 1 July 1953, its status was further elevated to "Ciudad" (city) by the Act of Ley Nº 11.952. Population In 2011, Paso de los Toros had a population of 12,985, which makes it the second largest city in the department, after the capital city of Tacuarembó. Source: ''Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay'' Geography The city is located on the north bank of Río Negro and on Route 5, about south-southwest of Tacuarembó, the capital of the dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tacuarembó Department
Tacuarembó () is the largest department of Uruguay and it is part of its northern region. Its capital is Tacuarembó. It borders Rivera Department to its north and east, the departments of Salto, Paysandú and Río Negro to its west and has the river Río Negro flowing along its south border, separating it from the departments of Durazno and Cerro Largo. History The first division of the Republic in six departments happened in 1816. Two more departments were formed later in that year. At that time, Paysandú Department included all the territory north of the Río Negro, which included the current departments of Artigas, Rivera, Tacuarembó, Salto, Paysandú and Río Negro. On 17 June 1837 a new division of Uruguay was made and this territory was divided in three parts. In the new division, the Tacuarembó Department included also the actual department of Rivera, until it was split from it in 1884. Geography The south borders of the department are delimited by Río Negro, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulp Mill
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods ( kraft and sulfite processes). The finished product may be either bleached or non-bleached, depending on the customer requirements. Wood and other plant materials used to make pulp contain three main components (apart from water): cellulose fibres (desired for papermaking), lignin (a three-dimensional polymer that binds the cellulose fibres together) and hemicelluloses, (shorter branched carbohydrate polymers). The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fiber source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibers. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading the lignin and hemicellulose into small, water-soluble molecules that can be washed away from the cellulose fibers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UPM (company)
UPM-Kymmene Oyj is a Finnish forest industry company. UPM-Kymmene was formed by the merger of Kymmene Corporation with Repola Oy and its subsidiary United Paper Mills Ltd in 1996. UPM consists of six business areas: UPM Fibres, UPM Energy, UPM Raflatac, UPM Specialty Papers, UPM Communication Papers and UPM Plywood. The Group employs around 17,000 people and it has production plants in 11 countries. UPM shares are listed on the NASDAQ OMX Helsinki stock exchange. UPM is the only paper company which is listed in the global Dow Jones Sustainability Index and also a member of the United Nations Global Compact organization. UPM is the owner and maintainer of the Verla mill, which has been a museum since 1972 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996. History The company's oldest mill was Papeteries de Docelles located in northeastern France, which produced traditional handpaper at the end of 15th century. The mill got its first paper making machine in the 1830s. UPM Docelles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood Industry
The wood industry or timber industry (sometimes lumber industry – when referring mainly to sawed boards) is the industry (economics), industry concerned with forestry, logging, timber trade, and the production of primary forest products and wood products (e.g. furniture) and secondary products like wood pulp for the pulp and paper industry. Some of the largest producers are also among the biggest owners of forest. The wood industry has historically been and continues to be an important sector in many economies. Distinction In the narrow sense of the terms, wood, forest, forestry and timber/lumber industry appear to point to different sectors, in the industrialized, multinational company, internationalized world, there is a tendency toward huge integrated businesses that cover the complete spectrum from silviculture and forestry in private Old-growth forest, primary or secondary forests or plantations via the logging process up to wood processing and timber trade, trading and tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. The majority of the population are Finns, ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish language, Finnish and Swedish language, Swedish; 84.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental climate, humid continental in the south to boreal climate, boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with List of lakes of Finland, more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period, last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by differen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
