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Adhola People
The Adhola people, also known as Jopadhola, are a Nilotic ethnic group of Luo peoples that live in Tororo District of Eastern Uganda and comprise about eight percent of the country's total population. They speak Dhopadhola, (a Luo language), which belongs to the Western Nilotic branch of the Nilotic language family. They are primarily pastoralists. The Jopadhola call their land Padhola which, according to historian Bethwell Ogot, is an elliptic form of "Pa Adhola" meaning the "place of Adhola", the founding father of the Jopadhola people. Officially, land of the Adhola is called Padhola, but the Baganda who misinterpret 'Widoma' – a Dhopadhola word for 'war cry' meaning 'You are in trouble' refer to the Jopadhola as "Badama". The social structure of the Jopadhola can be described as semi centralised because there is no traditional centralized government and its organization is limited to a clan called ''Nono''. There are over 52 clans, each with cultural practices, common ...
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Adhola Language
Adhola, also known as ''Jopadhola'' and ''Ludama'', is a dialect of Southern Luo spoken by the Adhola people (a.k.a. ''Jopadhola'' or ''Badama'') of Uganda. Dhopadhola is generally mutually intelligible with Acholi, Kumam, Lango and Alur of Uganda and Dholuo of Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. .... The prefix ''dho'' means "language of". It can be attached to a nationality or speech community to imply the language of such a people. ''jo'' means "people of". The infix ''pa'' means possessive 'of'. ''Dhopadhola'' thus means the language spoken in Padhola. ''Padhola'' is the area or region where Dhopadhola is spoken. ''Jopadhola'' is the plural of ''Japadhola''; a person who speaks Dhopadhola. Hence, ''Jopadhola'' are speakers of Dhopadhola. ''Ja'' is a pref ...
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Egypt
Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northern coast of Egypt, the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to Egypt–Israel barrier, the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to Egypt–Sudan border, the south, and Libya to Egypt–Libya border, the west; the Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital, list of cities and towns in Egypt, largest city, and leading cultural center, while Alexandria is the second-largest city and an important hub of industry and tourism. With over 109 million inhabitants, Egypt is the List of African countries by population, third-most populous country in Africa and List of countries and dependencies by population, 15th-most populated in the world. Egypt has one of the longest histories o ...
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Lango People
The Lango are a Nilotic peoples, Nilotic ethnic group. They live in north-central Uganda, in a region that covers the area formerly known as the Lango sub-region, Lango District until 1974, when it was split into the districts of Apac District, Apac and Lira District, Lira, and subsequently into several additional Districts of Uganda, districts. The current Lango Region now includes the districts of Amolatar District, Amolatar, Alebtong District, Alebtong, Apac, Dokolo District, Dokolo, Kole District, Kole, Lira District, Lira, Oyam District, Oyam, Otuke District, Otuke, and Kwania District, Kwania. The total population of Lango District is currently about 2,884,000. The Lango people speak the Lango language (Uganda), Lango language, a Western Nilotic languages, Western Nilotic language of the Southern Luo language, Southern Luo group. Early history The Lango oral tradition states that they were part of the "Lango race" during the Migration Period, migration period. This ...
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Karamojong People
The Karamojong or Karimojong are a Nilotic peoples, Nilotic ethnic group. They are agro-pastoral herders living mainly in the north-east of Uganda. Their language is also known as Karamojong language, ngaKarimojong and is part of the Nilotic languages, Nilotic language family. Their population is estimated at 475,000 people. History The Karamojong live in the southern part of the region in the north-east of Uganda, occupying an area equivalent to one tenth of the country. According to anthropologists, the Karamojong are part of a group that migrated from present-day Ethiopia around 1600 A.D. and split into two branches, with one branch moving to present day Kenya to form the Kalenjin group and Maasai people, Maasai cluster. The other branch, called Ateker, migrated westwards. Ateker further split into several groups, including Turkana people, Turkana in present-day Kenya, Iteso, Dodoth people, Dodoth, Jie (Uganda), Jie, Karamojong, and Kumam people, Kumam in present-day Ugan ...
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Teso People
The Iteso (or people of Teso) are a Nilotic people, Nilotic ethnic group in Teso sub-region, eastern Uganda and Busia County, western Kenya. Teso refers to the traditional homeland of the Iteso, and ''Teso language, Ateso'' is their language. History Migration It's believed there were two waves of migration. The first migration brought them to present day northeastern Uganda and western Kenya and was largely gradual and peaceful. The legendary hero Oduk and his wife Among'in supposedly helped the Iteso in this second migration to modern day Busia County circa 1500 AD, and by the 19th century, they controlled a vast swathe of territory. Their aggressive expansion drew them into conflicts with other already present ethnic groups. Oduk is credited with militarily organizing the Iteso and helping them defeat their rivals. However, their gains were reversed as neighboring ethnic groups allied with the British defeated them. Much of traditional Iteso culture and organization was ...
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Dholuo Language
The Dholuo dialect () or ''Nilotic Kavirondo'', is a dialect of the Luo group of Nilotic languages, spoken by about 4.2 million Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania, who occupy parts of the eastern shore of Nam Lolwe (Lake Victoria) and areas to the south. It is used for broadcasts on Ramogi TV and KBC ( Kenya Broadcasting Corporation, formerly the ''Voice of Kenya''). Dholuo is mutually intelligible with Alur, Acholi, Adhola and Lango of Uganda. Dholuo and the aforementioned Uganda languages are all linguistically related to Dholuo of South Sudan and Anuak of Ethiopia due to common ethnic origins of the larger Luo peoples who speak Luo languages. It is estimated that Dholuo has 93% lexical similarity with Dhopadhola (Adhola), 90% with Leb Alur (Alur), 83% with Leb Achol (Acholi) and 81% with Leb Lango. However, these are often counted as separate languages despite common ethnic origins due to linguistic shift occasioned by geographical movement. Literacy (''Of the Luo f ...
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Alur Language
Alur (Dho-Alur ) is a Western Nilotic language spoken in the southern West Nile region of Uganda and the northeastern Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Republic of the Congo), is a country in Central Africa. By land area, it is t .... The language's subdialects are Jokot, Jonam/Lo-Naam (mainly spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Mambisa and Wanyoro. Phonology Vowels Alur has 9 vowels. Consonants Alur has 23 consonants. Orthography The Alur language has no officially accepted orthography. Some informal conventions have been established in written materials and road signs. There is usually no written tonal distinction. Second, the phonemic distinction between and is occasionally reflected in the orthography, with represented by 'ŋ' and represented by 'n ...
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Acholi Language
Acholi ( , also Leb Acoli, or Leb Lwo) is a Southern Luo dialect spoken by the Acholi people in the districts of Gulu, Kitgum, Amuru, Lamwo, Agago, Nwoya, Omoro and Pader (a region known as Acholiland) in northern Uganda. The Dhopaluo (Chope) sub-dialect of Acholi is spoken in the Kiryandongo District in the kingdom of Bunyoro. It is also spoken in South Sudan in Magwi County, Eastern Equatoria. ''Song of Lawino'', well known in African literature, was written in Acholi by Okot p'Bitek, although its sequel, ''Song of Ocol'', was written in English. Acholi, Alur, and Jo Padola have between 84 and 90 per cent of their vocabulary in common and are mutually intelligible. However, they are often counted as separate languages because their speakers are ethnically distinct. Labwor (Thur), once considered a dialect of Acholi, may not be intelligible with it. Phonology Acholi has vowel harmony: all vowels in a word have to belong to a single class (e.g. ''the cold'' vs. ''to ...
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Mutually Intelligible
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between different but related language varieties in which speakers of the different varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. Mutual intelligibility is sometimes used to distinguish languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. Intelligibility between varieties can be asymmetric; that is, speakers of one variety may be able to better understand another than vice versa. An example of this is the case between Afrikaans and Dutch. It is generally easier for Dutch speakers to understand Afrikaans than for Afrikaans speakers to understand Dutch. In a dialect continuum, neighbouring varieties are mutually intelligible, but differences mount with distance, so that more widely separated varieties may not be mutually intelligible. Intelligibility can be partial, as is the case with Azerbaijani and Turkish, or significant, as is the case with Bulg ...
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King
King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarch if his power is restrained by fixed laws. Kings are Hereditary monarchy, hereditary monarchs when they inherit power by birthright and Elective monarchy, elective monarchs when chosen to ascend the throne. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the title may refer to tribal kingship. Germanic kingship is cognate with Indo-European languages, Indo-European traditions of tribal rulership (cf. Indic ''rājan'', Gothic ''reiks'', and Old Irish ''rí'', etc.). *In the context of classical antiquity, king may translate in Latin as ''rex (king), rex'' and in Greek as ''archon'' or ''basileus''. *In classical European feudalism, the title of ''king'' as the ruler of a ''kingdom'' is und ...
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Luo (Kenya And Tanzania)
The Luo are a Nilotic-speaking ethnic group native to western Kenya and the Mara Region of northern Tanzania. The Luo are the fourth-largest ethnic group (10.65%) in Kenya, after the Kikuyu (17.13%), the Luhya (14.35%) and the Kalenjin (13.37%). The Tanzanian Luo population was estimated at 1.1 million in 2001 and 3.4 million in 2020. They are part of a larger group of related Luo peoples who inhabit an area ranging from South Sudan, southwestern Ethiopia, northern and eastern Uganda, southwestern Kenya, and northern Tanzania, making them one of the largest ethnic groups in East Africa. They speak the Luo language, also known as ''Dholuo'', which belongs to the Western Nilotic branch of the Nilotic language family. Dholuo shares considerable similarities with languages spoken by other Luo peoples.Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Nilotic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. The Luo ...
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Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. According to a 2024 estimate, Tanzania has a population of around 67.5 million, making it the most populous country located entirely south of the equator. Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania. In the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included South Cushitic languages, Southern Cushitic speakers similar to modern day Iraqw people who moved south from present-day Ethiopia; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago; and the Southern Nilotic languages, Southern Nilotes, including the Datooga people, Datoog, who originated fro ...
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