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Acehnese Invasion Of Johor
The Acehnese launched their invasion of Johor between 1613 and 1615 to subjugate and vassalise the Johor Sultanate, as part of the Acehenese expansion in the Malay peninsula under Iskandar Muda reign. Background Aceh has been a long-term enemy of the johorese, and the actual conflicts start when the Acehnese began expanding their empire by invading and capturing several Sumatran ports like Pidie and Pasai, whom the Portuguese infiltrated, the Johorese saw the Acehnese as a danger to their rule while the Acehnese saw the Johorese as traitors for siding with the Portuguese in Malacca, in 1564 Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor was captured by the Acehnese and later executed, in 1568 the Johorese assisted the Portuguese against Acehnese siege of Malacca. Because of the frequent alliances between Johor and the Portuguese this gave enough justification for the Acehnese to invade Johor who sought to wipe out the Portuguese presence in the Malay peninsula. First invasion On 4 May 1613, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johor
Johor (; ), also spelled as Johore, is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest. Johor shares maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to both the west and east. Johor Bahru is the capital city and the economic centre of the state, Kota Iskandar is the seat of the state government, and Muar serves as the royal town of the state. The old state capital is Johor Lama. As of 2020, the state's population is 4.01 million, making it the second most populated state in Malaysia. Johor has highly diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. The state's mountain ranges form part of the Titiwangsa Range, which is part of the larger Tenasserim Range connected to Thailand and Myanmar, with Mount Ophir being the highest point in Johor. While its state capital, Johor Bahru, which is located within Iskandar Malaysia devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Formoso River
The Battle of Formoso River of 1615 was a naval battle that took place in the Malay Peninsula in the Formoso River, between a Portuguese fleet and a large fleet of the Sultanate of Aceh, one of the largest Aceh had ever mobilized against the Portuguese in Malacca.Clemens R. Markham: ''Ocean Highways, The Geographical Review'', 1874, p. 181. In what was "one of the bloodiest battles the Portuguese fought in south-east Asia", the Acehnese suffered so much damage they were forced to call off their plans to attack Malacca and returned to Aceh. Background In 1613, the Sultan of Aceh Iskandar Muda undertook a campaign against the Sultanate of Johor, and succeeded in installing a pro-Aceh sultan on the throne, Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah. Iskandar Muda instructed Sultan Abdullah to prepare a large fleet to jointly attack Portuguese Malacca. Having learned of the plan, the Portuguese captain of Malacca sent an embassy to Johor headed by a distinguished ''fidalgo'' who convinced the Sultan o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Indonesia
The military history of Indonesia includes the military history of the modern nation of Republic of Indonesia, as well as the military history of the states which preceded and formed it. It encompassed a kaleidoscope of conflicts spanning over a millennia. The ancient and medieval part of it began as tribal warfare began among indigenous populations, and escalated as kingdoms emerged. The modern part is defined by foreign colonial occupations, battles for independence through guerrilla warfare during Indonesian National Revolution, regional conquests and disputes with neighbouring countries, as well as battles between the Republic and separatist factions. Since the formation of the Republic, the military has played significant role in state affairs. However, in Post-Suharto era, the Indonesian military has retreated from politics, yet it still possesses some influences. As an archipelagic nation, historically Indonesia has always been a maritime power since Srivijaya and Maj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Dutch East India Company
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Netherlands
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Aceh
Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a special Autonomous administrative division, autonomous status, Aceh is a religiously Islamic conservatism, conservative territory and the only Indonesian province practicing the Sharia law officially. There are ten indigenous ethnic groups in this region, the largest being the Acehnese people, accounting for approximately 80% to 90% of the region's population. Aceh is where the spread of Islam in Indonesia began, and was a key factor of the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia. Islam reached Aceh (Kingdoms of Barus, Fansur and Lamuri) around 1250 AD. In the early 17th century the Sultanate of Aceh was the most wealthy, powerful and cultivated state in the Malacca Straits region. Aceh has a history of political independenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuruddin Ar-Raniri
Nuruddin ibn Ali ar-Raniri ( ar, نورالدين بن علي الرانيري) (also transliterated Nur ud-Din ar-Raniri / Randeri, died 1658) was an Islamic mystic and scholar from Rander in Surat province of Gujarat, in India, who worked for several years in the court of the sultan of Aceh in what is now Indonesia. He was the most prolific of the authors of the Acehnese court, and helped contribute to its international reputation as a center of scholarship. His work was considered the oldest Muslim scholarship of South east Asia. Shaikh Randeri (Ar-Raniri) (Shaikh Nur ad-Deen Muhammad b. Ali b. Hasanji al-Hamid as-Shafi'i al-Ashari al-'Aydarusi ar-Randeri) was born into a Gujarati Muslim family of Hadhrami lineage, that was descended from Quraysh Arabian nobility. He arrived in Aceh in 1637 and enjoyed the patronage of Iskandar Thani (reigned 1636-1641) in quality of jurist consult (Arabic: ''mufti'') and later of the highest-ranking religious office of ''Shaykh al-I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batu Pahat District
The Batu Pahat District is a district in the state of Johor, Malaysia. It lies southeast of Muar, southwest of Kluang, northwest of Pontian, south of Segamat and Tangkak District. The capital of the district is Bandar Penggaram. Geography The capital of the district Bandar Penggaram, Batu Pahat is located at . It is 239 km (150 miles) from Kuala Lumpur. The next nearest town is Muar which is 50 km (30 miles) northwest of Batu Pahat. The town of Kluang is located about 52 km (32 miles) to the northeast. Johor Bahru is located about 70 km to 100 km (43 miles to 62 miles) to the southeast of the town. The district itself borders the districts of Segamat to the north, Kluang to the east, Muar to the west and shares a border in the southeast with the district of Pontian. The coast of the Straits of Melaka lies to the south. History The town acquired the name Batu Pahat, which means "chiselled stone", from the quarries near the estuary. There a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steven Van Der Hagen
Steven van der Hagen (Amersfoort, 1563 – 1621) was the first admiral of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He made three visits to the East Indies, spending six years in all there. He was appointed to the Raad van Indië. Van der Hagen protested against the harsh administration of the administrators, who wanted a monopoly on the clove trade and were willing to fight against their Spanish, Portuguese, English or Asiatic trade competitors in order to get it. Laurens Reael and Steven van der Hagen wrote with disapproval on how the Heren XVII treated the interests and laws of the Maluku population. Both argued that the Company had no right to compel the natives of the Moluccas to sell their spices exclusively to the Dutch, unless the latter could supply them in return with adequate supplies of food and clothing at reasonable prices. They urged that it was better, in the long run, for the Dutch to content themselves with large sales and small profits rather than strive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bintan
Bintan Regency (formerly Riau Islands Regency; id, Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau) is an administrative area in the Riau Islands Province of Indonesia. Bintan Regency includes all of Bintan Island (except for the city of Tanjung Pinang which is separately administered as an autonomous area of the island) and also includes many outlying islands including the Tambelan Archipelago and Badas Islands situated between Bintan and West Kalimantan. Location The Island is located 40 kilometres from Singapore, with an area of 1,462.77 km2, and it has a population of around 330,000 at the 2010 Census (including Tanjung Pinang), which by the 2020 Census had risen to 387,181. These population figures include outlying islands and archipelagoes that are included within Bintan Regency. Famous places in Bintan include Trikora Beach, on the east coast, and the international Bintan Resorts. Administration The Regency (excluding the city of Tanjung Pinang) is divided into ten districts (''kecama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denys Lombard
Denys Lombard (1938 – January 8, 1998) was a leading Asian expert with contributions to Southeast Asian studies, Sinology, and the history of maritime Asia. He was famous for efforts to compare insular Southeast Asia and the Asian Seas to the Mediterranean area. Early life and education Lombard was born in Marseilles, France. His father was Maurice Lombard, Director of Studies at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE) in Paris and colleague of Fernand Braudel. Lombard possessed at least six academic degrees, including a graduate degree in history and four degrees in languages (Chinese, Malay-Indonesian, Cambodian and Thai). He spoke over a dozen languages. Career Lombard was the head of the Division des Aires Culturelles in the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) and the director of the École Français d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) from 1993 to 1998. His major work on Indonesia was the three volume work ''Le carrefour javanais'' Personal life Lombard was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acehnese Invasion Of Kedah
The invasion of Kedah in 1619 was launched by Aceh Sultanate to destroy the rival pepper port of Kedah. The Acehnese were victorious, and Kedah became a vassal of the Aceh sultanate. Context Kedah was a popular pepper port that was often traded by the Portuguese in the fort. The Acehnese sultan, Iskandar Muda, was determined to destroy the port; his determination to destroy the Portuguese hegemony grew year after year, and with the trade incomes, he managed to enlarge his navy alongside the victories he made on other ports such as Johor and Pahang. The Kedahnese Sultan, Sulaiman Shah II, built a fort called Kuala Kedah with the assistance of the Portuguese. The rectangular-shaped fort served as a trading factory by the Portuguese rather than a military outpost, which certainly became a target for the Acehnese. Invasion With an armada of 50 Galleys, the Acehnese attacked Kedah, destroyed the Kota Kuala fort, and began cutting down all the pepper vines, killing the cattle, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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