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Abū Hāshīm Al-Jubbā'ī
Abū Hāshīm al-Jubbā'ī was a mu'tazili theologian. He was born in 888 in Basra, and died in 933 in Baghdad. He was the son of Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī, a prominent Mu'tazila scholar who was also the teacher of Abu al-Hassan al-Ash'ari. Biography His main teacher in theology was his own father. After the latter's death in 915, he became the leader of the Mutazilite school of Basra. Around 926, he had to leave for Baghdad because of his poverty. Later his thoughts were known to be associated with the Bahshamiyya Bahshamiyya (, also known as "Ba Hashimiyya") was a Mu'tazili-influenced school of thought, rivaling the school of Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad, based primarily on the earlier teaching of Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i, the son of Abu 'Ali Muhammad al-Jubba'i. ... movement, a sub-school of Mu'tazilism. Doctrine He is known for having introduced the theory of modes (''ahwal'') into theology. This theory is intended to explain the nature of the divine attributes. It w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basra
Basra () is a port city in Iraq, southern Iraq. It is the capital of the eponymous Basra Governorate, as well as the List of largest cities of Iraq, third largest city in Iraq overall, behind Baghdad and Mosul. Located near the Iran–Iraq border at the north-easternmost extent of the Arabian Peninsula, the city is situated along the banks of the Shatt al-Arab that empties into the Persian Gulf. It is consistently one of the hottest cities in Iraq, with summer temperatures regularly exceeding . Built in 636 as a military camp, Basra played an important role as a regional hub of knowledge, trade and commerce during the Islamic Golden Age and is home to the first mosque built outside the Arabian Peninsula. It was a center of the History of slavery, slave trade in Mesopotamia, until the Zanj Rebellion, Zanj rebellion in Battle of Basra (871), 871. Historically, Basra is one of the ports from which the fictional Sinbad the Sailor embarked on his journeys. It has experienced numerou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baghdad
Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the Arab world, most populous cities in the Middle East and Arab world and forms 22% of the Demographics of Iraq, country's population. Spanning an area of approximately , Baghdad is the capital of its Baghdad Governorate, governorate and serves as Iraq's political, economic, and cultural hub. Founded in 762 AD by Al-Mansur, Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and became its most notable development project. The city evolved into a cultural and intellectual center of the Muslim world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multi-ethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". For much of the Abbasid era, duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Hashim Al-Jubba'i
Abū Hāshīm al-Jubbā'ī was a mu'tazili theologian. He was born in 888 in Basra, and died in 933 in Baghdad. He was the son of Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī, a prominent Mu'tazila scholar who was also the teacher of Abu al-Hassan al-Ash'ari. Biography His main teacher in theology was his own father. After the latter's death in 915, he became the leader of the Mutazilite school of Basra. Around 926, he had to leave for Baghdad because of his poverty. Later his thoughts were known to be associated with the Bahshamiyya Bahshamiyya (, also known as "Ba Hashimiyya") was a Mu'tazili-influenced school of thought, rivaling the school of Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad, based primarily on the earlier teaching of Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i, the son of Abu 'Ali Muhammad al-Jubba'i. ... movement, a sub-school of Mu'tazilism. Doctrine He is known for having introduced the theory of modes (''ahwal'') into theology. This theory is intended to explain the nature of the divine attributes. It w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahshamiyya
Bahshamiyya (, also known as "Ba Hashimiyya") was a Mu'tazili-influenced school of thought, rivaling the school of Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad, based primarily on the earlier teaching of Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i, the son of Abu 'Ali Muhammad al-Jubba'i. Borne from Mu'tazila Mu'tazila is a school of rationalist Islamic theology known as Kalam. Early practitioners stressed the supremacy of human reason and free-will ''(similar to Qadariyya)'' and went on to develop an epistemology, ontology and psychology which provide a basis for explaining the nature of the world, God, man and religion. According to Mu'tazilis, good and evil are easily reconciled through human reason without esoteric methods. The Mu'tazila school started in the 8th century; its iterative refinement continued from the late 10th century until mid-11th century CE. Mu'tazila was briefly the official theology of the Abbasid caliphs in the 9th century. The impact of Mu'tazila doctrine continues to be felt in primarily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mu'tazila
Mu'tazilism (, singular ) is an Islamic theological school that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad. Its adherents, the Mu'tazilites, were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Ali and his opponents after the death of the third caliph, Uthman. By the 10th century the term ''al-muʿtazilah'' had come to refer to a distinctive Islamic school of speculative theology ('' kalām'').Muʿtazilah ", ''''. This school of was founded by |
Al-Jubba'i
Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī (; died c. 915) was an Arab Mu'tazili influenced theologian and philosopher of the 10th century. Born in Khuzistan, he studied in Basra where he trained Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, who went on to found his own theological tradition, and his son Abū Hāshīm al-Jubbā'ī.''The Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy'', Volume II, ed. Robert Passnau (2010), p.918 References Philosophers from the Abbasid Caliphate 9th-century births 910s deaths Mu'tazilites, Jubba'i People from Khuzestan province 10th-century Muslim scholars of Islam {{Islam-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Mattawayh
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad ibn Mattawayh () was a Muʿtazilī theologian and philosopher of the Bahshamī school. His dates of birth and death are unknown. He studied in Ray under Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār, who died in 1025. He is not associated with any place other than Ray. He may be the Muʿtazilī theologian called Sibṭ Mattūya who is mocked in a poem by ʿAbd al-Jabbār's patron, the vizier al-Ṣāḥib ibn ʿAbbād, who died in 995. His datable writings were written not long after ʿAbd al-Jabbār's death. Ibn Mattawayh's two surviving works are: *''Kitāb al-Majmūʿ fiʾl-muḥīṭ biʾl-taklīf'', a paraphrase with commentary and critique of his teacher's ''Kitāb al-muḥīṭ biʾl-taklīf'' *''Kitāb al-Tadhkira'', a two-volume treatise on philosophy, the first part dealing with accidents, substances and other matters 'physical' and the second part dealing with matters 'biological' In addition, two lost works by Ibn Mattawayh are known. His ''Kitāb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muʿtazila
Mu'tazilism (, singular ) is an Islamic theological school that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad. Its adherents, the Mu'tazilites, were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Ali and his opponents after the death of the third caliph, Uthman. By the 10th century the term ''al-muʿtazilah'' had come to refer to a distinctive Islamic school of speculative theology ('' kalām'').Muʿtazilah ", ''''. This school of was founded by |
Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ash'ari
Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (; 874–936 CE) was an Arab Muslim theologian known for being the eponymous founder of the Ash'ari school of kalam in Sunnism. Al-Ash'ari was notable for taking an intermediary position between the two diametrically opposed schools of Islamic theology prevalent at the time: Atharism and Mu'tazilism. He primarily opposed the Mu'tazili theologians on God's eternal attributes and Quranic createdness. On the other hand, the Hanbalis and traditionists were opposed to the use of philosophy or speculative theology, and condemned any theological debate altogether. Al-Ash'ari established a middle way between the doctrines of the aforementioned schools, based both on theological rationalism (''kalam'') and the interpretation of the Quran and Sunna. His school eventually became the predominant school of theological thought within Sunni Islam.Abdullah Saeed ''Islamic Thought: An Introduction'' Routledge 2006 chapter 5 By contrast, Shia Muslims do not ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ash'ari
Ash'arism (; ) is a school of theology in Sunni Islam named after Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, a Shāfiʿī jurist, reformer (''mujaddid''), and scholastic theologian, in the 9th–10th century. It established an orthodox guideline, based on scriptural authority, rationality, and theological rationalism. It is one of the three main schools alongside Maturidism and Atharism. Al-Ash'aris Knowledge was based both on reliance on the sacred scriptures of Islam and theological rationalism concerning the agency and attributes of God. Ashʿarism eventually became the predominant school of theological thought within Sunnī Islam, and is regarded as the single most important school of Islamic theology in the history of Islam. The disciples of the Ash'ari school are known as Ashʿarites, and the school is also referred to as the Ashʿarite school, which became one of the dominant theological schools within Sunnī Islam. Ash'ari theology is considered one of the orthodox creeds of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Baqillani
Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Bāqillānī (; 950 – 5 June 1013), was a Sunni Muslim scholar and polymath who specialized in speculative Islamic theology, jurisprudence, logic, and hadith. He spent much of his life defending and strengthening the Ash'ari school of theology within Islam. An accomplished rhetorical stylist and orator, al-Baqillani was held in high regard by his contemporaries for his expertise in debating theological and jurisprudential issues.Ansari, Hassan, Melvin-Koushki, Matthew, Tareh, Masoud, Khodaverdian, Shahram, Omidi, Jalil and Gholami, Rahim, “al-Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr”, in: ''Encyclopaedia Islamica'', Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary. Al-Dhahabi referred to him as "the learned imam, incomparable master, foremost of the scholars, author of many books, and example of articulateness and intelligence." Biography Born in Basra in 330 AH / 950 CE, he spent most of his life in Baghdad, and studied theology under two disc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
