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Abu Ubaid Al-Qasim Bin Salam
Abu Ubaid al-Qasim ibn Sallam al-Khurasani al-Harawi (; c. 770–838) was an Arabs, Arab philologist and the author of many standard books on lexicography, Qur’anic sciences, hadith, and fiqh. He was born in Herat, the son of a Population of the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine slave. He left his native town and studied philology at the Grammarians of Basra, Basra school under many famous scholars such as al-Asmaʿi (d. 213/828), Abu Ubaidah (scholar), Abu ʿUbayda (d. c.210/825), and Abu Zayd al-Ansari (d. 214 or 215/830–1), and at the Grammarians of Kufa, Kufa school under Abu_Amr_Ishaq_ibn_Mirar_al-Shaybani, Abu ʿAmr al-Shaybani (d. c.210/825), al-Kisaʾi (d. c.189/805), and others. He was the first to develop a recorded science for tajwid, giving the rules of tajwid names and putting it into writing in his book called ''al-Qirā'āt.'' He wrote about 25 reciters, including the 7 mutawatir reciters. He made the reality, transmitted through reciters of every generation, a scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Farra
Al-Farrā (), he was Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā ibn Ziyād ibn Abd Allāh ibn Manṣūr al-Daylamī al-Farrā (), was a Daylamite scholar and the principal pupil of al-Kisā’ī (). He is the most brilliant of the Kūfan scholars. Muḥammad ibn Al-Jahm quotes Ibn al-Quṭrub that it was al-Farrā’s melodic eloquence and knowledge of the pure spoken Arabic of the Bedouins and their expressions that won him special favour at the court of Hārūn al-Rashīd. He died on the way to Mecca, aged about sixty, or sixty-seven, in 822 (207 AH). Life Abū Zakarīyah ibn Ziyād al-Farrā’ was born in al-Kūfah into a family of Iranian Daylamī origin. He was a mawla (client, or, apprentice) of the Banū Minqar (), although Salamah ibn ‘Āṣim said he was called al-‘Absī (), i.e. of the Banū Abs. Abū ‘Abd Allāh ibn Muqlah () claimed Al-Yūsufī called him Yaḥyā ibn Ziyād ibn Qāwī-Bakht ibn Dāwar ibn Kūdanār. The main details of his life come from Tha‘ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
838 Deaths
__NOTOC__ Year 838 ( DCCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * July 22 – Battle of Anzen: Caliph al-Mu'tasim launches a major punitive expedition against the Byzantine Empire, targeting the two major Byzantine fortress cities of central Anatolia (Ancyra and Amorium). He mobilises a vast army (80,000 men) at Tarsus, which is divided into two main forces. The northern force, under commander al-Afshin, invades the Armeniac Theme from the region of Melitene, joining up with the forces of the city's emir, Umar al-Aqta. The southern, main force, under al-Mu'tasim, passes the Cilician Gates into Cappadocia. Emperor Theophilos attacks the Abbasids, inflicting 3,000 casualties, but is heavily defeated by a counter-attack of 10,000 Turkish mounted archers. Theophilos and his guard are encircled, and barely manage to break through and escape. * August – Siege of Amorium: The Abbasids besiege t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
770s Births
77 may refer to: * 77 (number) * one of the years 77 BC, AD 77, 1977, 2077 * 77 Frigga, a main-belt asteroid * Book 77, the Rights of Man * Tatra 77, a sedan Music * 77 (band), a Spanish hard rock band * ''77'', an album by Matt Kennon Matthew Carl Ferguson (born in Conyers, Georgia) is an American country music singer and songwriter known professionally as Matt Kennon. He has co-written a song for Randy Travis and has released one album for BamaJam Records. This album inclu ... * "77" (Peso Pluma and Eladio Carrión song), 2023 * '' Talking Heads: 77'', debut album by Talking Heads * ''77'' (Nude Beach album), 2014 * "77" (Billy Idol song), 2025, featuring Avril Lavigne See also * '77 (other) * 7/7, the 7 July 2005 London bombings * * List of highways numbered 77 {{Numberdis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tajwid
In the context of the recitation of the Quran, or (, ) is a set of rules for the correct pronunciation of the letters with all their qualities and applying the various traditional methods of recitation, known as . In Arabic, the term is derived from the verb (), meaning enhancement or to make something excellent. Technically, it means giving every letter its right in reciting the Quran. is a system by which one learns the pronunciation of Quranic words as pronounced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The beginning of the system of was when the early Islamic states or caliphates expanded in the third century of Hijra (9th century / 184–288 AH) under the Abbasid Caliphate, where errors in pronunciation increased in the Quran due to the entry of many non-Arab Muslims into Islam. So the scholars of the Quran began to write the rules of intonation. It is said that the first person to collect the system of in his book was ( 770–838 CE) in the third century of Hijra. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Kisaʾi
Al-Kisā’ī () Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Ḥamzah ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Uthman (), called Bahman ibn Fīrūz (), surnamed Abū ‘Abd Allāh (), and Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Hamzah of al-Kūfah ( d. ca. 804 or 812) was preceptor to the sons of caliph Harun al-Rashid, Hārūn al-Rashīd and one of the ‘Seven Readers’ of the seven canonical Qira'at.Muhammad Ghoniem and MSM SaifullahThe Ten Readers & Their Transmitters (c) Islamic Awareness. Updated January 8, 2002; accessed April 11, 2016. He was a Persian and founded the Grammarians of Kufa, Kufi school of Arabic grammar, the rival philology school to the Grammarians of Basra, Basri school founded by Sibawayh. Life A Persian people, Persian born in al-Kūfah, he learned grammar from al-Ru’āsī and a group of other scholars. It is said that al-Kisā’ī took this moniker from the particular kind of mantle he wore called a kisā’. Al-Kisā’ī entered the court of the Abbasid caliphate, Abbāsid list of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Amr Ishaq Ibn Mirar Al-Shaybani
Abū ‘Amr Isḥaq ibn Mirār ash-Shaybānī (d. 206/821, or 210/825, or 213/828, or 216/831) was a famous lexicographer-encyclopedist and collector-transmitter of Arabic poetry of the Kufan School of philology. Abu Amr was born in Kufa in the first quarter of the second/eighth century. A native of Ramādat al-Kūfah, who lived in Baghdad, he was a ''mawla'' (client) under the protection of the Banū Shaybān, hence his nisba. Descended from an Iranian landowner (''dihqān'') on his paternal side, his mother was an Arab 'Nabataean' (an Aramaic-speaking, rural Iraqi), and he reportedly knew a little of the 'Nabataean' language (an unattested form of Aramaic). The biographers al-Nadīm and Ibn Khallikān quote a claim by Ibn al-Sikkit's that he lived to the age of one hundred and eighteen and wrote in his own hand up to his death, in 213/828. However this is disputed by a claim that he died in 206/821 aged one hundred and ten, and this latter is deemed credible. Abū 'Amr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammarians Of Kufa
Al-Kūfah began as a military base ca. 638 near Ḥīrah on the western branch of the Euphrates river and grew, as had its counterpart at Al-Basrah also grown, from an encampment into a town that attracted the great intellectual elites from across the region. The first grammarian of al-Kūfah was Al-Ru'asi who lived in the eighth century, whereas the earliest scholars of the School at Baṣrah, lived during the seventh century. The great intellectual project that developed out of both schools of philology, created the sciences of Arabic grammar and lexicography. What emerged from an impetus to interpret the sacred texts of the Qu’rān and Ḥadīth, by humanists of al-Baṣrah and al-Kūfah, led to a communal quest for the purest, least corrupt, Arabic source material, for which they turned to the Pre-Islamic oral poetry as recited by the ''rāwī''. The compositions of famous poets were collected, arranged, and committed to writing. The grammarians of al-Baṣrah and al-K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Zayd Al-Ansari
Abū Zayd Sa’īd ibn Aws al-Anṣārī (; died 830 CE/215 AH) was an Arab linguist and a reputable narrator of hadith. Sibawayh and al-Jāḥiẓ were among his pupils. His father was Aws ibn Thabit also a hadith narrator, while his grandfather Thabit ibn Bashir was one of the three scribes who wrote down the Qur'an during Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...'s era. He died in Basra, Iraq. References 830 deaths Year of birth unknown Medieval grammarians of Arabic Arab grammarians Hadith narrators {{asia-linguist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammarians Of Basra
The first Grammarians of Baṣra lived during the seventh century in Al-Baṣrah. The town, which developed out of a military encampment, with buildings being constructed circa 638 AD, became the intellectual hub for grammarians, linguists, poets, philologists, genealogists, traditionists, zoologists, meteorologists, and above all exegetes of Qur’ānic tafsir and Ḥadīth, from across the Islamic world. These scholars of the Islamic Golden Age were pioneers of literary style and the sciences of Arabic grammar in the broadest sense. Their teachings and writings became the canon of the Arabic language. Shortly after the Basran school's foundation, a rival school was established at al-Kūfah circa 670, by philologists known as the Grammarians of Kūfah. Intense competition arose between the two schools, and public disputations and adjudications between scholars were often held at the behest of the caliphal courts. Later many scholars moved to the court at Baghdad, where a th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Population Of The Byzantine Empire
The population of the Byzantine Empire encompassed all ethnic and tribal groups living there, mainly Byzantine Greeks, but also Albanians, Arabs, Armenians, Assyrians, Bulgarians, Goths, Latini, Serbs and other Slavs, Thracians, Tzans, Vlachs and other groups. It fluctuated throughout the state's millennial history. The reign of the Emperor Justinian I in the mid-sixth century was the high point of the empire's expansion; however, the arrival of plague in 541 AD and its subsequent recurrences caused a severe depletion of the population. After the reign of Emperor Heraclius () and the loss of the empire's overseas territories, Byzantium was limited to the Balkans and Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean .... When the empire began to recover after a series of con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiqh
''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is often described as the style of human understanding, research and practices of the sharia; that is, human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions). Fiqh expands and develops Shariah through interpretation (''ijtihad'') of the Quran and ''Sunnah'' by Islamic jurists (''ulama'') and is implemented by the rulings (''fatwa'') of jurists on questions presented to them. Thus, whereas ''sharia'' is considered immutable and infallible by Muslims, ''fiqh'' is considered fallible and changeable. ''Fiqh'' deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam as well as econo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
