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Ad 31
AD 31 ( XXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tiberius and Sejanus (or, less frequently, year 784 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination AD 31 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Lucius Aelius Sejanus is named co-Consul to Emperor Tiberius. However, Tiberius becomes aware of Sejanus' treachery and has him arrested and executed. * Naevius Sutorius Macro becomes the leader of the Praetorian Guard after Sejanus is executed. Births * Gnaeus Arrius Antoninus, Roman consul *Musonius Rufus, Roman Stoic philosopher (d. 101) Deaths * April 6 – Jesus of Nazareth, founder of Christianity (possible date of the crucifixion)Colin J. Humphreys and W. G. Waddington, "Dating the Crucifixion ," Nature 306 (December 22/29, 1983), pp. 743-46/ref> C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, each with a fixed integer value. The modern style uses only these seven: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced by Arabic numerals; however, this process was gradual, and the use of Roman numerals persisted in various places, including on clock face, clock faces. For instance, on the clock of Big Ben (designed in 1852), the hours from 1 to 12 are written as: The notations and can be read as "one less than five" (4) and "one less than ten" (9), although there is a tradition favouring the representation of "4" as "" on Roman numeral clocks. Other common uses include year numbers on monuments and buildin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 6
Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. * 1320 – The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. *1453 – Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople. The city falls on May 29 and is renamed Istanbul. *1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place. 1601–1900 * 1652 – At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town. * 1712 – The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway. * 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Ships of the Continental Navy fail in their attempt to capture a Royal Navy dispatch boat. * 1782 – King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livilla
Claudia Livia (Classical Latin: CLAVDIA•LIVIA; – AD 31) was the only daughter of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor and sister to Roman Emperor Claudius and general Germanicus, and thus paternal aunt of emperor Caligula and maternal great-aunt of emperor Nero, as well as the niece and daughter-in-law of Tiberius. She was named after her grandmother, Augustus' wife Livia Drusilla, and commonly known by her family nickname Livilla ("little Livia"). She was born after Germanicus and before Claudius. She was twice married to the potential successor in the Julio-Claudian dynasty, first to Augustus' grandson Gaius Caesar (grandson of Augustus), Gaius Caesar (died AD 4) and later to Tiberius' son Drusus the Younger (died AD 23). Allegedly, she helped her lover Sejanus in poisoning her second husband and died shortly after Sejanus fell from power in AD 31. Marriages Livilla was married twice, first in 1 BC to Gaius Caesar (grandson of Augustus), Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
20 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 20 BC was either a common year starting on Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was also known as the Year of the Consulship of Appuleius and Nerva (or, less frequently, year 734 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 20 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * May 12 – Emperor Augustus Caesar negotiates a peace with Parthia, making Armenia a buffer zone between the two major powers. The captured eagles of Marcus Licinius Crassus and Mark Antony are returned. * Based on the scenes and the style of the work, the Portland Vase is believed to have been made in Alexandria some time between this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praetorian Prefect
The praetorian prefect (; ) was a high office in the Roman Empire. Originating as the commander of the Praetorian Guard, the office gradually acquired extensive legal and administrative functions, with its holders becoming the Emperor's chief aides. Under Constantine I, the office was much reduced in power and transformed into a purely civilian administrative post, while under his successors, territorially-defined praetorian prefectures emerged as the highest-level administrative division of the Empire. The prefects again functioned as the chief ministers of the state, with many laws addressed to them by name. In this role, praetorian prefects continued to be appointed by the Eastern Roman Empire (and the Ostrogothic Kingdom) until the reign of Heraclius in the 7th century AD, when wide-ranging reforms reduced their power and converted them to mere overseers of provincial administration. The last traces of the prefecture disappeared in the Byzantine Empire by the 840s. The term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October 18
Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philosopher, observes an eclipse of the Sun and writes a commentary on ''The Great Astronomer'' ('' Almagest''). * 614 – King Chlothar II promulgates the Edict of Paris (''Edictum Chlotacharii''), a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that defends the rights of the Frankish nobles while it excludes Jews from all civil employment in the Frankish Kingdom. * 629 – Dagobert I is crowned King of the Franks. * 1009 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock. * 1016 – The Danes defeat the English in the Battle of Assandun. * 1081 – The Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 27
Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the '' ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of the more powerful Roman empresses of Late Antiquity. * 711 – Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus). * 1296 – First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar. * 1509 – Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict. * 1521 – Battle of Mactan: Explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines led by chief Lapulapu. *1539 – Official founding of the city of Bogotá, New Granada (nowadays Colombia), by Nikolaus Federmann and Sebastiá ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AD 33
AD 33 ( XXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman world as the Year of the Consulship of Ocella and Sulla (or, less frequently, year 786 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination AD 33 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in the world for naming years. Events By date * April 3 – According to Colin Humphrey's account, Jesus of Nazareth's Last Supper takes place. By place Roman Empire * Emperor Tiberius founds a credit bank in Rome. * A financial crisis hits Rome, due to poorly chosen fiscal policies. Land values plummet, and credit is increased. These actions lead to a lack of money, a crisis of confidence, and much land speculation. The primary victims are senators, knights and the wealthy. Many aristocratic families are ruined. China * Although the usurpation of Wang Mang and the Chimei Rebellion are behind him, Emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 3
Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. * 1559 – The second of two treaties making up the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis is signed, ending the Italian Wars. * 1589 – The janissaries revolt in response to the debasement of coins. 1601–1900 * 1721 – Robert Walpole becomes, in effect, the first Prime Minister of Great Britain, though he himself denied that title. * 1851 – Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand after the death of his half-brother, Rama III. * 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, begins. * 1865 – American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America. * 1882 – American Old West: Robert Ford ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AD 30
AD 30 ( XXX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vinicius and Longinus (or, less frequently, year 783 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination AD 30 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place South Asia * The Kushan Empire is founded (approximate date). Roman Empire * Agrippina the Elder (the wife of Germanicus) and two of her sons, Nero Julius Caesar and Drusus Caesar, are arrested and exiled on orders of Lucius Aelius Sejanus (the prefect of the Praetorian Guard), and later starved to death in suspicious circumstances. In Sejanus's purge of Agrippina the Elder and her family, her son Caligula, and her three daughters, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla are the only survivors. * Phaedrus translates Aesop's fables, and composes some of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 7
Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. * 1141 – Empress Matilda becomes the first female ruler of England, adopting the title "Lady of the English". * 1348 – Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV charters Prague University. * 1449 – Felix V abdicates his claim to the papacy, ending the reign of the final Antipope. * 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Cebu. * 1541 – Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies. 1601–1900 * 1724 – Premiere performance of Bach's '' St John Passion'', BWV 245, at St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig. * 1767 – End of Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767). * 1788 – Settlers establish Marietta, Ohio, the first permanent settlement created by U.S. citizens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4 BC
__NOTOC__ Year 4 BC was a common year starting on Tuesday or Common year starting on Wednesday, Wednesday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see Julian calendar#Leap year error, leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Monday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Rufus (or, less frequently, year 750 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 4 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events * March 13 &ndashLunar eclipse* Upon the death of Herod the Great, there is unrest in his client kingdom of Judea. His son, Herod Archelaus, becomes the new ruler. Herod Antipas becomes Herodian Tetrarchy, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. The governor of Syria (Roman province), Syria, Publius Quinctilius Varus, marches down to Jerusalem from Antioch to restore order; around 3000 Jew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
