9×23mm (other)
9×23mm may refer to one of the following pistol cartridges: * 9×23mm Largo, introduced c. 1901 * 9×23mm Steyr, introduced c. 1911 * 9×23mm Winchester, introduced c. 1996 * .38 ACP, introduced c. 1900 * .38 Super The .38 Super, also known as .38 Super +P, .38 Super Auto, .38 Super Automatic, .38 Super Automatic +P, or 9×23mmSR, is a pistol cartridge that fires a bullet. It was introduced in the late 1920s as a higher pressure loading of the .38 ACP, a ...

9×23mm Largo
The 9×23mm Largo (9mm Largo, 9mm Bergmann–Bayard, 9mm Bayard Long) centerfire pistol cartridge was developed in 1901 for the Bergmann Mars pistol. Description and history The round was considered powerful for the day, producing a muzzle energy of between depending on the loading. A number of small changes to the Mars and the cartridge were made and the pistol that resulted was called the " Bergmann–Bayard 1903". This pistol was adopted by the Spanish army in 1905 as the "Pistola Bergmann de 9 mm. modelo 1903". Unable to find a German manufacturer to complete the Spanish order for 3,000 pistols, Theodor Bergmann turned to a Belgian manufacturer, Anciens Etablissements Pieper (who used the trademark "Bayard"), to complete the order. The final pistol, modified by AEP, was known as the "Bergmann Bayard 1908", or in Spain as the "Pistola Bergmann de 9 mm. modelo 1908". Although adopted in 1908 first deliveries did not take place until two years later. Meanwhile, ...
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9×23mm Steyr
The 9×23mm Steyr, also known as 9mm Steyr, is a centerfire pistol cartridge originally developed for the Steyr M1912 pistol. History Adopted in 1912, the 9mm Steyr was the service ammunition for most branches of the military in Austria-Hungary during World War I and remained the service ammunition for Austria, Romania and Chile between the World Wars.*Wilson, R. K. ''Textbook of Automatic Pistols'', p.235. Plantersville, S.C.: Small Arms Technical Publishing Company, 1943. Some MP 34 submachine guns were also issued in this caliber in addition to 9×25mm Mauser. When the Austrian Army was incorporated in the Wehrmacht in 1938 following the Anschluss, many Steyr M1912 pistols and MP 34 submachine guns were rebarrelled to 9×19mm Parabellum for standardization purposes. Design The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case. Its performance is close to that of the .38 ACP. Unrelated to the modern 9×23mm Winchester, it is similar to the 9×23mm Largo cartridge in perfor ...
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9×23mm Winchester
The 9×23mm Winchester is a pistol cartridge developed as a joint venture by Winchester Ammunition and Colt's Manufacturing Company. The 9×23mm Winchester has a convoluted development history, but was commercially introduced by Winchester in 1996. Marketed primarily to competition shooters as a replacement for .38 Super for International Practical Shooting Confederation, United States Practical Shooting Association and International Defensive Pistol Association competition, the cartridge failed to find significant market success despite a high-profile introduction. The critical design feature of the 9×23mm Winchester is a much-strengthened case that does away with the semi-rimmed case design of the .38 Super which sometimes caused feeding problems. The strengthened case allows the 9×23mm Winchester to operate under a higher internal pressure, 55,000 psi (measured with a piezoelectric transducer), in comparison to the maximum pressure of 36,500 psi for the .38 Super (curr ...
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38 ACP
The .38 ACP ( Automatic Colt Pistol), also known as the .38 Auto or 9x23mmSR, is a semi-rimmed pistol cartridge that was introduced at the turn of the 20th century for the John Browning-designed Colt M1900. It was first used in Colt's Model 1897 prototype, which he did not produce. The metric designation for the round is 9×23mm SR (semi-rimmed), which is not to be confused with other 9×23mm cartridges. History Initial loadings of this cartridge were quite powerful. Reported ballistics for the first commercial loads were a 130-grain bullet at , and some experimental loads ran as high as .Article in the April 19, 1900, issue of ''Shooting and Fishing,'' quoted in Belden, C.T and Haven, ''A History of the Colt Revolver'' (1940) However, these ballistics proved too violent for the Colt Model 1900 pistol, and velocities were soon lowered to below . Subsequent commercial loadings varied considerably in power. For example, Hugh B.C. Pollard, writing in ''Automatic Pistols'' in 19 ...
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