|
441-line Television System
441-line is the number of scan lines in some early electronic monochrome analog television systems. Systems with this number of lines were used with 25 interlaced frames per second in France from 1937 to 1956, Germany from 1939 to 1943, Italy from 1939 to 1940, Japan in 1939, as well as by RCA in the United States with 30 interlaced frames per second from 1938 to 1941. Broadcasts were planned in Finland for 1940, but eventually cancelled due to World War II. Some experiments with a similar system were carried out on the USSR in the 1930s. Germany After trials with a 375-line system during the Berlin Olympic Games of 1936, by 1937 Germany had introduced a 441-line with 50 interlaced fields per second television system that replaced the previous 180 lines network relayed by a special Reichspost (National Post Office) cable network in the country's main cities (Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Bayreuth, Nuremberg). The system's line frequency was 11.025 kHz and the broadcast freq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scan Line
A scan line (also scanline) is one line, or row, in a raster scanning pattern, such as a line of video on a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display of a television set or computer monitor. On CRT screens the horizontal scan lines are visually discernible, even when viewed from a distance, as alternating colored lines and black lines, especially when a progressive scan signal with below maximum vertical resolution is displayed. This is sometimes used today as a visual effect in computer graphics. The term is used, by analogy, for a single row of pixels in a raster graphics image. Scan lines are important in representations of image data, because many image file formats have special rules for data at the end of a scan line. For example, there may be a rule that each scan line starts on a particular boundary (such as a byte or word; see for example BMP file format). This means that even otherwise compatible raster data may need to be analyzed at the level of scan lines in order to conver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munich
Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is not a state of its own. It ranks as the 11th-largest city in the European Union. The metropolitan area has around 3 million inhabitants, and the broader Munich Metropolitan Region is home to about 6.2 million people. It is the List of EU metropolitan regions by GDP#2021 ranking of top four German metropolitan regions, third largest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. Munich is located on the river Isar north of the Alps. It is the seat of the Upper Bavaria, Upper Bavarian administrative region. With 4,500 people per km2, Munich is Germany's most densely populated municipality. It is also the second-largest city in the Bavarian language, Bavarian dialect area after Vienna. The first record of Munich dates to 1158. The city ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analog Television
Analog television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio. In an analog television broadcast, the brightness, colors and sound are represented by amplitude, instantaneous phase and frequency, phase and frequency of an analog signal. Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference may be introduced. Thus with analog, a moderately weak signal becomes Noise (video), snowy and subject to interference. In contrast, picture quality from a digital television (DTV) signal remains good until the signal level drops below digital cliff, a threshold where reception is no longer possible or becomes intermittent. Analog television may be wireless (terrestrial television and satellite television) or can be distributed over a cable network as cable television. All broadcast television systems used analog signals before the arrival of DTV. Motivated by the lower bandwidth requ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulse (signal Processing)
A pulse in signal processing is a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value. Pulse shapes Pulse shapes can arise out of a process called pulse shaping. Optimum pulse shape depends on the application. Rectangular pulse These can be found in pulse waves, square waves, boxcar functions, and rectangular functions. In digital signals the up and down transitions between high and low levels are called the rising edge and the falling edge. In digital systems the detection of these sides or action taken in response is termed edge-triggered, rising or falling depending on which side of rectangular pulse. A digital timing diagram is an example of a well-ordered collection of rectangular pulses. Nyquist pulse A Nyquist pulse is one which meets the Nyquist ISI criterion In communications, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which, when satisfied by a comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blanking (video)
In analog video, blanking occurs between horizontal lines and between frames. In raster scan equipment, an image is built up by scanning an electron beam from left to right across a screen to produce a visible trace of one scan line, reducing the brightness of the beam to zero (horizontal blanking), moving it back as fast as possible to the left of the screen at a slightly lower position (the next scan line), restoring the brightness, and continuing until all the lines have been displayed and the beam is at the bottom right of the screen. Its intensity is then reduced to zero again ( vertical blanking), and it is rapidly moved to the top left to start again, creating the next frame. In television, in particular, the vertical blanking interval In a raster scan display, the vertical blanking interval (VBI), also known as the vertical interval or VBLANK, is the time between the end of the final visible line of a frame or field and the beginning of the first visible line of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Video
Video is an Electronics, electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving picture, moving image, visual Media (communication), media. Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) systems, which, in turn, were replaced by flat-panel displays of several types. Video systems vary in display resolution, Display aspect ratio, aspect ratio, refresh rate, color capabilities, and other qualities. Analog and digital variants exist and can be carried on a variety of media, including radio broadcasts, magnetic tape, optical discs, Video file format, computer files, and Streaming media, network streaming. Etymology The word ''video'' comes from the Latin verb ''video,'' meaning to see or ''videre''. And as a noun, "that which is displayed on a (television) screen," History Analog video Video developed from facsimile systems developed in the mid-19th century. Early mecha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced ), is a type of electrical cable consisting of an inner Electrical conductor, conductor surrounded by a concentric conducting Electromagnetic shielding, shield, with the two separated by a dielectric (Insulator (electricity), insulating material); many coaxial cables also have a protective outer sheath or jacket. The term ''coaxial'' refers to the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable is a type of transmission line, used to carry high-frequency Signal, electrical signals with low losses. It is used in such applications as telephone trunk lines, Internet access, broadband internet networking cables, high-speed computer bus (computing), data buses, cable television signals, and connecting Transmitter, radio transmitters and Radio receiver, receivers to their Antenna (radio), antennas. It differs from other shielded cables because the dimensions of the cable and connectors are controlled to give a precise, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einheitsempfänger
In August 1939, Nazi Germany introduced the Einheits-Fernseh-Empfänger E1 (i.e. ''Unitary-TV-receiver E1''), also called Volksfernseher (i.e. ''People's TV''), a 441-line, 25 interlaced frames per second (or more correctly 50 fields per second) television system. The TV was presented to the public in the 16th International radio exhibition Berlin. History The project started in 1938, associating the Reichspost and several companies, including Bosch, Blaupunkt, Loewe, Lorenz, TeKaDe and Telefunken. The objective was to produce 10,000 units, but the start of World War II caused only about 50 devices to be installed in military hospitals and various government departments. The Berlin transmitter was destroyed by Allied bombing in November 1943. Like British televisions of the era, the Einheitsempfänger could receive only one channel with its frequency pre-tuned at the factory to reduce construction costs. Surviving sets Only a few surviving and functioning units are known: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telefunken
Telefunken was a German radio and television producer, founded in Berlin in 1903 as a joint venture between Siemens & Halske and the ''AEG (German company), Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft'' (AEG) ("General electricity company"). Prior to World War I, the company set up the first world-wide network of communications and was the first in the world to sell electronic televisions with cathode-ray tubes, in Germany in 1934. The brand had several incarnations: * ''Gesellschaft für drahtlose Telegraphie Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung, m.b.H., System Telefunken'', founded in 1903 as a joint venture between AEG and Siemens & Halske * ''Telefunken, Gesellschaft für drahtlose Telegraphie m.b.H.'', in 1923; since 1941 as subsidiary of AEG alone * ''Telefunken Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung, GmbH'', in 1955 * ''Telefunken Aktiengesellschaft (AG)'', in 1963 * ''Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft AEG-Telefunken'', created in 1967 through a merger between Telefunken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loewe (electronics)
Loewe Technology GmbH, doing business as Loewe (), is a German company that develops, designs, manufactures, and sells consumer electronics and electromechanical products and systems. The company was founded in Berlin, in 1923, by brothers Siegmund and David L. Loewe. Since 1948, the company has based its headquarters and production facilities in the Bavarian town of Kronach, Upper Franconia. History The company was started in 1923 in Berlin, when Siegmund Loewe and his brother David Ludwig Loewe established a radio manufacturing company named Radiofrequenz GmbH. Siegmund Loewe belonged to a circle which promoted public broadcasting in Germany and did his best to initiate what later became known as the radio boom. His work with the young physicist Manfred von Ardenne in 1926 led to the development of the Loewe 3NF, an early attempt to combine several functions into one electronic device, similar to the modern integrated circuit. It was the basis for the broadcast receiver OE 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blaupunkt
Blaupunkt GmbH () was a German manufacturer, producing mostly car-audio gear and other electronic equipment. Owned by Robert Bosch GmbH from 1933 until 1 March 2009, it was sold to Aurelius AG of Germany. It filed for bankruptcy in late 2015 with liquidation proceedings completed in early 2016. The brand, now managed by GIP Development SARL of Luxembourg, is licensed for use by various product groups worldwide such as Air fryers. History Founded in 1924 in Berlin as "Ideal," the company was acquired by Robert Bosch AG in 1933. In 1938 it changed its name to "Blaupunkt", German for "blue point" or "blue dot", after the blue dot painted onto its headphones that had passed quality control. After World War II, Blaupunkt moved its headquarters and production to Hildesheim. Blaupunkt took over a former Philips/ Grundig factory in Portugal to produce automotive head units. It is still owned and operated by Bosch, used exclusively to make OEM units for car manufacturers and 24V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosch (company)
Robert Bosch GmbH (; ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH), is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business. Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control) and energy and building technology. In terms of revenue, Bosch is the largest automotive supplier. History 1886–1920 The company started in a backyard in Stuttgart-West as the (Workshop for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering) on 15 November 1886. The next ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
