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2012 Montenegrin Parliamentary Election
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 14 October 2012. The parliamentary elections were the ninth since the reintroduction of multi-party system in 1990, and the third since regaining full independence in 2006. The result was a victory for the ruling European Montenegro alliance (based around the Democratic Party of Socialists) led by Milo Đukanović, which won 39 of the 81 seats, remaining without the majority by itself for the first time since the 2001 election, and subsequently forming a majority coalition government with the ethnic minority Bosniak Party (BS) and Croatian Civic Initiative (HGI) parties. Electoral system The 81 members of Parliament were elected by proportional representation from a single nationwide constituency with an electoral threshold of 3%, although the threshold was reduced to 0.7% for ethnic minority parties in districts where ethnic minorities accounted for at least 15% of the population. For ethnic Croats, the electoral lis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Montenegrin Parliamentary Election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 29 March 2009. In addition to elections for the unicameral Parliament of Montenegro, concurrent local elections were held in Nikšić and Budva, as well as municipal presidential elections in Herceg Novi and Tivat. The parliamentary elections were the eighth since the reintroduction of multi-party system in 1990, and the second since regaining full independence in 2006. Background President Filip Vujanović called the parliamentary elections on 27 January 2009, after the parliament decided the previous day to shorten its term, although this decision was controversial. Constitutional Act that proclaimed the new constitution of 2007 stipulated that elections had to be held by the end of 2009.Official Paper of Montenegro, n. 1/2007 Application of |
Democratic Party Of Socialists
The Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro ( cnr, Демократска партија социјалиста Црне Горе, Demokratska partija socijalista Crne Gore, DPS) is a populist political party in Montenegro. A former long-time ruling party sitting at the opposition for the first time as of 2020, it was formed on 22 June 1991 as the successor of the League of Communists of Montenegro, which had governed Montenegro within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia since World War II, and has remained a major force in the country ever since. The party is a member of the Socialist International and the Progressive Alliance, and an associate of the Party of European Socialists. During the 1990s, DPS was the major centre-left, social-democratic party in favour of Serbian-Montenegrin unionism. However, since 1997, the party has embraced Montenegrin independence and has been improving ties with the West, slowly turning into a catch-all party embracing Atlanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Serb Democracy
New Serb Democracy (, NSD; officially abbreviated NOVA) is a Serbian nationalist right-wing political party in Montenegro, formed on 24 January 2009 as a merger between Serb People's Party and the People's Socialist Party of Montenegro. Since 2012, it has been a constituent member of the Democratic Front. History Envisioned as a broad coalition of pro-Serb parties of Montenegro centred around '' Serb List'' coalition of 2006, NOVA was planned to include Democratic Serb Party as well as various Serb cultural and political organisations. However, the merger was more limited, as only the Serb People's Party, People's Socialist Party and "Matica Boke" cultural organisation came to a merger agreement. New Serb Democracy is led by Andrija Mandić, leader of the former Serb People's Party. Mandić sought to transform the ''Serb List'' coalition into a more moderate and civic-oriented party, in order to boost the party's coalition potential, and even the dropping the "Serb" prefix f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Front (Montenegro)
The Democratic Front ( sh, Демократски фронт / Demokratski front, DF) is a right-wing populist and social conservative political alliance in Montenegro. It is currently composed of the New Serb Democracy, Movement for Changes and Democratic People's Party, with some other minor parties as the alliance's partners at the local level, while United Montenegro and Workers' Party are external members of the Democratic Front parliamentary group. The alliance was formed mainly to overthrow the Democratic Party of Socialists, the party in power from the introduction of the multi-party system until the 2020 parliamentary election. History Catch-all alliance (2012-2015) Miodrag Lekić led the alliance's list in the parliamentary election of October 2012. Lekić ran in the 2013 presidential election, supported by both his Democratic Front and the Socialist People's Party. According to the electoral committee's report, he was narrowly defeated by incumbent Filip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democracy
Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal-democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented mixed economy. The protocols and norms used to accomplish this involve a commitment to representative and participatory democracy, measures for income redistribution, regulation of the economy in the general interest, and social welfare provisions. Due to longstanding governance by social democratic parties during the post-war consensus and their influence on socioeconomic policy in Northern and Western Europe, social democracy became associated with Keynesianism, the Nordic model, the social-liberal paradigm, and welfare states within political circles in the late 20th century. It has been described as the most common form of Western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Party Of Montenegro
Liberal Party of Montenegro ( cnr, Либерална партија Црне Горе, ''Liberalna partija Crne Gore'', LP) is a liberal political party in Montenegro. Initially, the party advocated liberalism and the bringing down of Milo Đukanović's rule, saw it as authoritarian and undemocratic. It had continued the fight against what it saw as the DPS' authoritarianism that the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro pursued since its foundation in 1990. However, the party changed its discourse and became a junior coalition partner of DPS both on local and national level since 2006, when Đukanović's regime declared independence of Montenegro. Currently, LP president Andrija Popović is the party's sole representative in the parliament, where LP is a part of the ruling majority. The party did not contest the latest parliamentary election but delegated two candidates to the electoral list of DPS, one of which was elected to the Parliament. Currently, LP is part of the parlia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Montenegro
Social Democratic Party of Montenegro ( cnr, Социјалдемократска партија Црне Горе, Socijaldemokratska partija Crne Gore), or just the Social Democratic Party, abbr. SDP is a nationalist and social democratic political party in Montenegro. It is the only party in Montenegro to have full membership in the Socialist International. From 1998 until the 2016 coalition split, it was a minor coalition partner of the Democratic Party of Socialists, that lead Montenegro from the introduction of the multi-party system until the 2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election. History On 14 July 1991, members of Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia (SRSJ) from four coastal municipalities in the SR Montenegro, Herceg Novi, Kotor, Tivat and Budva, who were subsequently joined by reformists from Cetinje, formed the first regional Montenegrin political party - the ''Alliance of Reformists of the Montenegrin Coastline'' with Miodrag Marović as President. On 7 July ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalition For European Montenegro
The European Montenegro ( cnr, Европскa Црна Горa, script=Cyrl, cnr, Evropska Crna Gora, label=none, script=Latn; abbr. ECG) was the ruling political alliance in Montenegro headed by Milo Đukanović's Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS). Following the internal turmoil within the DPS during late 1996 and early 1997 when the party's most prominent members Đukanović and Momir Bulatović bitterly fought behind the scenes for the control of the party, Đukanović emerged as the clear winner of the year-long power struggle. Under his leadership, DPS began entering pre-election alliances with smaller parties under the coalition banner that had a different name ahead of each parliamentary election. Besides the leading DPS, it was also consisted of two main political parties, the SDP and the LPCG. The coalition was formally dissolved in 2016. The first version of the coalition was formed ahead of the 1998 parliamentary elections in Montenegro under the name So that we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D'Hondt Method
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is a method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in party-list proportional representation systems. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods. The method was first described in 1792 by future U.S. president Thomas Jefferson. It was re-invented independently in 1878 by Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt, which is the reason for its two different names. Motivation Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats to parties approximately in proportion to the number of votes received. For example, if a party wins one-third of the votes then it should gain about one-third of the seats. In general, exact proportionality is not possible because these divisions produce fractional numbers of seats. As a result, several methods, of which the D'Hondt method is one, have been devised which ensure that the parties' seat allocations, which are of whole numbers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croats Of Montenegro
The Croats have a minority in Boka Kotorska (''Bay of Kotor''), a coastal region in Montenegro, the largest of their kind in Tivat. The three municipalities making up the Bay of Kotor ( Tivat, Kotor and Herceg-Novi) include 4,519 Croats or 6.70%. They are also known as Bokelji, a common name for all inhabitants for of Boka Kotorska. Tivat is home to the minority political party Croatian Civic Initiative, and to the ''National Council of Croats in Montenegro''. Kotor is home to Croatian Civic Society of Montenegro. Religion Many Croats in this region are followers of the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kotor in Kotor is part of the Archdiocese of Split-Makarska in Croatia and its faithful are mostly the Croats in Boka. ;Places of worship *Our Lady of the Rocks * Cathedral of Saint Tryphon Demographics Settlements in Montenegro with significant Croatian minority (10 percent or more) include (2011): *Bogdašići (27 or 47,37%) *Donja Lastva (315 or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divisions (political parties) of the electorate. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are actually used to help elect someone—not just a plurality, or a bare majority—and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast. "Proportional" electoral systems mean proportional to ''vote share'' and ''not'' proportional to population size. For example, the US House of Representatives has 435 districts which are drawn so roughly equal or "proportional" numbers of people live within each district, yet members of the House are elected in first-past-the-post elections: first-past-the-post is ''not'' proportional by vote share. The m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Montenegro
The Parliament of Montenegro ( cg, Скупштина Црне Горе, Skupština Crne Gore) is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro. The Parliament currently has 81 members, with each member elected to a four-year term. Following the 2006 independence referendum, the Parliament declared and ratified the independence of Montenegro on 3 June 2006. Members of the house are elected using proportional representation. History The Parliament of Montenegro was initially established by the Constitution of the Principality of Montenegro in 1905 and was called the Popular Assembly (''Narodna skupština''). It had a limited legislative role, limited by the authority of the Knjaz (Prince). The first parliament was constituted in 1906. Following the incorporation of the Kingdom of Montenegro into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1918, the Parliament of Montenegro was disbanded until World War II. The Parliament was reinstated in 1944, in the form of the ''Montenegrin Antifascist Assembly o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
