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2013 French White Paper On Defence And National Security
The 2013 French White Paper on Defense and National Security is the most recent defence reform of the French Armed Forces and the fourth ever defence white paper in French history. It was released on the 29 April 2013. The white paper reaffirmed France's commitment to NATO, the security of the European Union as well as its enhanced defence-relationship with the United Kingdom after the 2010 Lancaster House treaties on defence and security co-operation. Summary * Additional cuts of 24,000 personnel on top of the 54,000 already cut in the 2008 French White Paper on Defence and National Security. * Core defence budget frozen at 31.4 billion euros and reduced to 1.5% of GDP. However, the defence budget will continue to remain the third largest in NATO after the United States and United Kingdom. * A "Joint Reaction Force" of 2,300 personnel maintained a high readiness and the ability to deploy up-to 15,000 troops in a single overseas deployment. * Particular emphasis on developing inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Paper
A white paper is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business. Today, a business-to-business (B2B) white paper falls under grey literature, more akin to a marketing presentation meant to persuade customers and partners, and promote a certain product or viewpoint. The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the UK government. Corporate and academic The most prolific publishers of white papers are corporate and academic organizations. In larger organizations, internal technical writers produce these documents based on the outlines and data an internal industry or academic expert develops and provides. White papers often follow strict industry styles and formats with a centr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Fayette-class Frigate
The ''La Fayette'' class (also known as FL-3000 for "''Frégate Légère de 3,000 tonnes''", or FLF for ''Frégate Légère Furtive'') is a Ship class, class of general purpose frigates built by DCNS (company), DCNS in the 1980s and 1990s, operated by the French Navy and three other navies. Derivatives of the type are in service in the navies of Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and Taiwan. The ships were originally known as "stealth frigates" due to their unique Stealth ship, stealth design at the time. Their reduced radar cross section is achieved by a clean superstructure compared to conventional designs, angled sides and radar absorbent material, a composite material of wood and glass fibre as hard as steel, light, and resistant to fire. Most modern combat ships built since the introduction of the ''La Fayette'' class have followed the same principles of stealth. All information gathered by the onboard sensors is managed by the Information Processing System, the electronic brain of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airbus A330 MRTT
The Airbus A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport (MRTT) is a European aerial refueling and military transport aircraft based on the civilian Airbus A330. A total of 15 countries have placed firm orders for approximately 82 aircraft, of which 64 had been delivered by 31 May 2025. A version of the A330 MRTT, the EADS/Northrop Grumman KC-45, was selected by the United States Air Force for its aerial tanker replacement programme, but the programme was cancelled. Design and development The Airbus A330 MRTT is a military derivative of the A330-200 airliner. It is designed as a dual-role air-to-air refuelling and transport aircraft. For air-to-air refuelling missions, the A330 MRTT can be equipped with a combination of any of the following systems: * Refuelling other aircraft ** Airbus Military Aerial Refuelling Boom System (ARBS) for receptacle-equipped receiver aircraft. ** Cobham 905E under-wing refuelling pods for probe-equipped receiver aircraft. ** Cobham 805E Fuselage Refu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dassault Mirage 2000N/2000D
The Dassault Mirage 2000N is a variant of the Dassault Mirage 2000, Mirage 2000 designed for nuclear strike. It formed the core of the French air-based Strategic nuclear weapon, strategic nuclear Deterrence theory, deterrent. The Mirage 2000D is its conventional attack counterpart. Development The Mirage 2000N was designed to French requirements for an aircraft to replace the older Dassault Mirage IVP, Mirage IVP. Dassault received a contract to build two prototypes. The aircraft first flew on 3 February 1986. Seventy four were built up to 1993. The Mirage 2000N is based on the Mirage 2000B two-seat trainer, but features considerable changes. The airframe was strengthened for low-level flight and fitted with an Antilope 5 radar, which is used for terrain following, navigation and ground mapping, and which can follow terrain at . Other avionic features are twin Inertial navigation system, INS units and moving map displays for both the pilot and weapon systems officer. The Mira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dassault Rafale
The Dassault Rafale (, literally meaning "gust of wind", or "burst of fire" in a more military sense) is a French Twinjet, twin-engine, Canard (aeronautics), canard delta wing, Multirole combat aircraft, multirole fighter aircraft designed and built by Dassault Aviation. Equipped with a wide range of weapons, the Rafale is intended to perform air supremacy, Air interdiction, interdiction, aerial reconnaissance, close air support, ground support, in-depth strike, anti-ship warfare, anti-ship strike and Nuclear warfare, nuclear deterrence missions. It is referred to as an "omnirole" aircraft by Dassault. In the late 1970s, the French Air Force and French Navy sought to replace and consolidate their existing fleets of aircraft. In order to reduce development costs and boost prospective sales, France entered into an arrangement with the UK, Germany, Italy and Spain to produce an agile multi-purpose "Future European Fighter Aircraft" (which would become the Eurofighter Typhoon). Sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early Middle Ages, medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Kingdom of France, France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the English Navy of the early 16th century; the oldest of the British Armed Forces, UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service. From the early 18th century until the World War II, Second World War, it was the world's most powerful navy. The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing and defending the British Empire, and four Imperial fortress colonies and a string of imperial bases and coaling stations secured the Royal Navy's ability to assert naval superior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Siroco (L9012)
The French ship ''Siroco'' (L9012) was a of the French Navy, Marine Nationale. The vessel was purchased by Brazil in August 2015, being transferred to the Brazilian Navy as the multipurpose amphibious ship ''Bahia'' (G40). Service history French service ''Siroco'' was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce from 10 October to 25 November 1999. She served during Opération Baliste, Opération ''Baliste'' during the 2006 Lebanon War. The vessel operated as part of Opération Séisme Haiti 2010, Opération ''Séisme Haiti 2010'' after the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake relief effort. In December 2013 ''Siroco'' was serving as the flagship of Operation Atalanta, European Union Naval Force Somalia. ''Siroco'' was to be decommissioned as stated in the 2013 French White Paper on Defence and National Security. The decision was confirmed in October 2014. In July 2015, the ship was decommissioned in French service. Sale In December 2014 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foudre-class Landing Platform Dock
The ''Foudre''-class landing platform dock is a class of landing platform docks designed and constructed for the French Navy. Designated ''Transport de Chalands de Débarquement'', they were intended to replace the ageing and the construction of four vessels was planned. Only two were built and the remaining two were instead reordered as s. The two ships of the ''Foudre'' class, and , operated with the French Navy between 1990 and 2014. Replaced by the ''Mistral''s, in 2011 ''Foudre'' was sold to the Chilean Navy and ''Siroco'' was sold to the Brazilian Navy in 2015. Design and description The ''Foudre'' class was designed to embark a mechanized regiment of the Rapid Action Force (France), Rapid Action Force () and act as its logistical support vessel once in theatre. Designated ''Transport de Chalands de Débarquement'' by the French Navy, they were ordered as replacements for the with improvements over the previous design. The improvements included a higher speed, a hangar f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Barracuda-class Submarine
The ''Suffren''-class is a class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, designed by the French shipbuilder Naval Group (formerly DCNS) for the French Navy. It is intended to replace the s. Construction began in 2007 and the lead boat of the class, , was commissioned on 6 November 2020. It officially entered active service on 3 June 2022. History Development In October 1998, the '' Delegation Générale pour l'Armement'', the French government's defense procurement agency, established an integrated project team consisting of the Naval Staff, DCN (now known as Naval Group), Technicatome and the '' Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique'', a regulatory body that oversees nuclear power plants, to oversee a program the design of a new attack submarine class, called Barracuda. DCN was to be the boat's designer and builder while Technicatome (since acquired by Areva) was to be responsible for the nuclear power plant. The two companies were to act jointly as a single prime contracto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floréal-class Frigate
The ''Floréal'' class is a type of light "surveillance frigates" () designed for the needs of the French Navy in low-threat environments ordered in 1989. The ships are named after months of the French Republican Calendar, Republican Calendar. They use construction standards of commercial ships. The frigates were built between 1990 and 1993 by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique at Saint-Nazaire, France. The six French ships of the class, , , , , and , remain in active service. The ships' main armament was two Exocet MM38 surface-to-surface missiles and a French 100 mm naval gun, CADAM turret, but in 2014, the Exocets were removed at the end of their life cycle. The vessels have a maximum speed of and can carry 24 marines. The vessels are used mainly to patrol the Overseas department and region, French overseas departments and regions in the Pacific, Indian Ocean and Caribbean Sea, Caribbean regions, but have served in both military and humanitarian operations in the Persian Gulf and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassard-class Frigate
The ''Cassard'' class (Type F70 AA) was a class of two anti-air warfare destroyers of the French Navy introduced in the latter 1980s/early 1990s. The class was an air defence variant of the . The two classes have a different armament and propulsion system mounted on an identical hull. Their primary role was to provide air cover for a fleet, an aeronaval group, a convoy & a littoral point. Their secondary role was to manage air assets coordination & aircraft control for the force, especially through Link 16.They can also be used for research, identification or presence missions. Both ships were assigned to the '' Force d'Action Navale.''Gardiner and Chumbly, p. 115 The lead ship of the class, ''Cassard'', was retired in 2019 followed by the retirement of ''Jean Bart'' in 2021. The experience gained during the design and construction of the ''Cassard'' type was used for the design of the . Design The ''Cassard''-class frigate was initially designed to replace the four anti-air war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horizon-class Frigate
The Horizon class (French: Classe Horizon; Italian: Classe Orizzonte) is a class of air-defence destroyers in service with the French and Italian navies. They are designated as destroyers by the Italians and are referred to as "frigates" by the French but nonetheless also use the NATO classification "D" intended for destroyers. The programme started as the Common New Generation Frigate (CNGF), a three-nation collaboration between France, the United Kingdom, and Italy to develop a new generation of air-defence warships. Differing national requirements, workshare disagreements and delays led to the UK withdrawing from the project in 1999 to develop the Type 45 destroyer. The FREMM multipurpose frigate were built using the same company structure as the Horizon project. Development France, Italy, and the UK issued a joint requirement in 1992 after the failure of the NATO Frigate Replacement for the 90s (NFR-90) project. In July 1993, the three countries signed a Memorandum of U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
