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2012 South Sudan–Sudan Border Conflict
The Heglig Crisis was a brief war fought between the countries of Sudan and South Sudan in 2012 over oil-rich regions between South Sudan's Unity and Sudan's South Kordofan states. South Sudan invaded and briefly occupied the small border town of Heglig before being pushed back by the Sudanese army. Small-scale clashes continued until an agreement on borders and natural resources was signed on 26 September, resolving most aspects of the conflict. Background Prior to independence from Sudan two civil wars were fought in the region from 1955 to 1972 and from 1983 to 2005, in which 2.5 million people were killed and more than 5 million externally displaced. South Sudan peacefully gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011 with Sudan's long-term president Omar al-Bashir promising to "work with our southern brothers and help them set up their state". Despite this relations between the two states have been marked by conflict over the disputed oil-rich Abyei region. In January ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heglig
Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan. Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later. Etymology ''Heglig'' is the Arabic name of the "desert date", the fruit of the '' Balanites aegyptiaca'' tree, which is found in most parts of Africa and the Middle East. Sudanese Sufis use ''heglig'' ('' lalob'') seeds to make rosaries. ''Lalob'' is also a favorite food for camels, goats, sheep and cattle. South Sudan does not recognize the name Heglig for the town. During the 10-day occupation by the SPLA, South Sudan restored the name of the town Panthou, a Dinka translation of the word ''heglig'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Sudanese Civil War
The First Sudanese Civil War (also known as the Anyanya Rebellion or Anyanya I, after the name of the rebels, a term in the Madi language which means 'snake venom') was fought from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region which demanded representation and more regional autonomy. The war was divided into four major stages: initial guerrilla warfare, the creation of the Anyanya insurgency, political strife within the government, and establishment of the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement. Around a million people died over the course of the nearly 17-year long war. Although the Addis Ababa Agreement ended the war in 1972, it failed to completely dispel the tensions and addressed only some of the issues stated by southern Sudan. The breakdown of the initial appeasement later led to a reigniting of the north–south conflict during the Second Sudanese Civil War, which lasted from 1983 to 2005. Background Colonial era Until 1956, the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice Of America
Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international broadcasting network funded by the federal government of the United States that by law has editorial independence from the government. It is the largest and oldest of the American international broadcasters, producing digital, TV, and radio content in 48 languages for affiliate stations around the world.* * by * Its targeted and primary audience is non-Americans outside the American borders, especially those living in countries without press freedom or independent journalism. VOA was established in 1942, during World War II. Building on American use of shortwave radio during the war, it initially served as an anti-propaganda tool against Axis misinformation but expanded to include other forms of content like American music programs for cultural diplomacy. During the Cold War, its operations expanded in an effort to fight communism and played a role in the decline of communism in several countries. Throughout its operation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bentiu
Bentiu, also spelled Bantiu, is a city in South Sudan. It is the capital of Unity State. Location Bentiu is located in Rubkona County, Unity State, in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan, near the international border with the Republic of the Sudan. It lies approximately 654 kilometers (406 miles), by road, northwest of Juba, the capital and largest city in the country. Bentiu sits on the southern bank of the Bahr el Ghazal River that separates it from the town of Rubkona, which sits on the river's northern bank. The two towns are joined by the ''El Salaam Bridge'' that spans the river. This bridge, along with a market, was bombed and partially damaged by North Sudanese MiG-29 bomber airplanes on April 23, 2012, during the Heglig Crisis. At least three people were killed in the raid. Population , the population of Bentiu including entire Guit County Payams was estimated at 100,230. Overview The town was the administrative, political and commercial center of Unity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unity Oilfield
The Unity oilfield is a major oilfield in Chotjiok at Rotriak Boma, Budang Payam, northern territory of Rubkona County, Unity State, South Sudan. It lies to the north of the state capital Bentiu. The oil field, and the Heglig field further north, were discovered by Chevron Corporation in 1982, and was to become one of the most productive fields in Sudan. Chevron spent almost $880 million in exploration, but suspended operations soon after the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005) began. The trigger was the killing in 1984 of three Chevron workers by Anyanya II rebels. Chevron demanded a special oilfield protection force in addition to the army. Dissatisfied with security, by 1988 Chevron had closed its operations in Unity province. Oil production in Unity State was halted in 2013 following the outbreak of the civil war, which badly damaged the country’s oil infrastructure. As of January 2019, South Sudan resumed production at the oilfield, and it was producing 15,000 ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Sudan Internal Conflict (2011–)
Ethnic violence in South Sudan has a long history among South Sudan's various ethnic groups. South Sudan has 64 tribes with the largest being the Dinka, who constitute about 35% of the populationSouth Sudan ''''. . and predominate in government. The second largest are the Nuers. Conflict is often aggravated among nomadic groups over the issue of cattle and grazing land and is part of the wider |
Sudan Internal Conflict (2011–)
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan has a population of 50 million people as of 2024 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's third-largest country by area and the third-largest by area in the Arab League. It was the largest country by area in Africa and the Arab League until the secession of South Sudan in 2011; since then both titles have been held by Algeria. Sudan's capital and most populous city is Khartoum. The area that is now Sudan witnessed the Khormusan ( 40000–16000 BC), Halfan culture ( 20500–17000 BC), Sebilian ( 13000–10000 BC), Qadan culture ( 15000–5000 BC), the war of Jebel Sahaba, the earliest known war in the world, around 11500 BC, A-Group cultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panyikang County
Overview Panyikang County is an administrative area in Upper Nile State, in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the .... Panyikang County is situated in Upper Nile State, within the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. Covering an area of approximately 5,038 square kilometers, it had an estimated population of 70,117 . Geography Borders, rivers (White Nile, Sobat), area (5,038 km²). The White Nile River traverses the county in a V-shape, converging near Malakal town. Additionally, the Sobat River delineates part of the county's eastern boundary before merging with the White Nile. These waterways are vital for transportation, fishing, and agriculture. Geographical boundaries Panyikang County shares borders with sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudanese Air Force
The Sudanese Air Force () is the air force, aerial warfare branch of the Military of Sudan, Sudanese Armed Forces. It was established in 1956 following Sudan's independence earlier that year, and first saw action in the First Sudanese Civil War. History The Sudanese Air Force was founded immediately after Sudan gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1956. The British assisted in the Air Force's establishment, providing equipment and training. Four new BAC Jet Provost, Hunting Provost T Mk 51s were delivered for jet training in 1961. In 1958, the Sudanese Air Force's transport wing acquired its first aircraft, a single Percival Pembroke, Hunting President. In 1960 the Sudanese Air Force received an additional four re-furbished Royal Air Force, RAF Provosts and two more Hunting Presidents. Also in 1960, the transport wing's capability was increased by the addition of two Percival Pembroke, Pembroke C Mk 54s. The SAF gained its first combat aircraft when 12 BAC Jet Provost, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1990
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1990, adopted unanimously on June 27, 2011, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the Council established the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) in the disputed Abyei region between Sudan and South Sudan. The resolution was passed after a conflict between the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) and Sudanese army in the South Kordofan region, and in the run-up to the declaration of independence by South Sudan from the north. The resolution was drafted by the United States. Resolution Observations The Security Council noted that, on June 20, 2011, there was an agreement between Sudanese government and SPLA/M over the administration and security of the Abyei region. It expressed concern about the situation in the region and the violence committed against the civilian population. Both parties were invited to pursue constructive neg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Interim Security Force For Abyei
The United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) is a United Nations peacekeeping force in Abyei, which is contested between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan. UNISFA was approved on 27 June 2011 by the United Nations Security Council in United Nations Security Council Resolution 1990 after a flareup in the South Kordofan conflict earlier in June 2011. The Ethiopian Army was the largest contributor of personnel, and until 2022, the only contributor of individual troops. In February 2022 UNISFA was reconfigured into a multinational force with the arrival of a Ghanaian Battalion under Major Enoch Awudu. As a multinational force troops from a number of other countries have served in Abeyei, including Ghana, Nepal and Vietnam. History The peacekeepers began arriving in Abyei on 15 July 2011 after traveling overland from Ethiopia, just under a week after South Sudan formally declared its independence. The UNISFA mandate has been renewed annually since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khartoum
Khartoum or Khartum is the capital city of Sudan as well as Khartoum State. With an estimated population of 7.1 million people, Greater Khartoum is the largest urban area in Sudan. Khartoum is located at the confluence of the White Nile – flowing north from Lake Victoria – and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Lake Tana in Ethiopia. Divided by these two parts of the Nile, the Khartoum metropolitan area is a tripartite metropolis consisting of Khartoum proper and linked by bridges to Khartoum North ( ) and Omdurman ( ) to the west. The place where the two Niles meet is known as ''al-Mogran'' or ''al-Muqran'' (; English: "The Confluence"). Khartoum was founded in 1821 by Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, north of the ancient city of Soba (city), Soba. In 1882 the British Empire Anglo-Egyptian War, took control of the Egyptian government, leaving the administration of Sudan in the hands of the Egyptians. At the outbreak of the Mahdist War, the British attempted to evacu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
