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2009 Russia–Ukraine Gas Dispute
In 2009, Russian natural gas company Gazprom refused to conclude a supply contract unless Ukrainian gas company Naftogaz paid its accumulating debts for previous gas supplies. The dispute began in the closing weeks of 2008 with a series of failed negotiations, and on January 1, 2009 Russia cut off gas supplies to Ukraine. On January 7 the dispute turned to crisis when all Russian gas flows through Ukraine were halted for 13 days, completely cutting off supplies to Southeastern Europe, most of which depends on Russian gas, and partially to other European countries.The Russo-Ukrainian gas dispute of January 2009: a comprehensive assessment Oxford Institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major Russian Gas Pipelines To Europe
Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators, major is one rank above captain, and one rank below lieutenant colonel. It is considered the most junior of the field officer ranks. Background Majors are typically assigned as specialised executive or operations officers for battalion-sized units of 300 to 1,200 soldiers while in some nations, like Germany, majors are often in command of a company. When used in hyphenated or combined fashion, the term can also imply seniority at other levels of rank, including ''general-major'' or ''major general'', denoting a low-level general officer, and ''sergeant major'', denoting the most senior non-commissioned officer (NCO) of a military unit. The term ''major'' can also be used with a hyphen to denote the leader of a military band such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Medvedev 21 July 2008-3
Dmitri (russian: Дми́трий); Church Slavic form: Dimitry or Dimitri (); ancient Russian forms: D'mitriy or Dmitr ( or ) is a male given name common in Orthodox Christian culture, the Russian version of Greek Demetrios (Δημήτριος ''Dēmētrios'' ). The meaning of the name is "devoted to, dedicated to, or follower of Demeter" (Δημήτηρ, ''Dēmētēr''), "mother-earth", the Greek goddess of agriculture. Short forms of the name from the 13th–14th centuries are Mit, Mitya, Mityay, Mit'ka or Miten'ka (, or ); from the 20th century (originated from the Church Slavic form) are Dima, Dimka, Dimochka, Dimulya, Dimusha etc. (, etc.) St. Dimitri's Day The feast of the martyr Saint Demetrius of Thessalonica is celebrated on Saturday before November 8 ld Style October 26 The name day (именины): October 26 (November 8 on the Julian Calendar) See also: Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar. The Saturday before October 26/November 8 is called Demetrius Sat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Ukraine
The legal system of Ukraine is based on the framework of civil law, and belongs to the Romano-Germanic legal tradition. The main source of legal information is codified law. Customary law and case law are not as common, though case law is often used in support of the written law, as in many other legal systems. Historically, the Ukrainian legal system is primarily influenced by the French civil code, Roman Law, and traditional Ukrainian customary law. The new civil law books (enacted in 2004) were heavily influenced by the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. The primary law making body is the Ukrainian Parliament (''Verkhovna Rada''), also referred to as the legislature ( uk, законодавча влада, translit=zakonodavcha vlada). The power to make laws can be delegated to lower governments or specific organs of the State, but only for a prescribed purpose. In recent years, it has become common for the legislature to create "framework laws" and delegate the creation of de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confiscate
Confiscation (from the Latin ''confiscatio'' "to consign to the ''fiscus'', i.e. transfer to the treasury") is a legal form of seizure by a government or other public authority. The word is also used, popularly, of spoliation under legal forms, or of any seizure of property as punishment or in enforcement of the law. Scope As a punishment, it differs from a fine in that it is not primarily meant to match the crime but rather reattributes the criminal's ill-gotten spoils (often as a complement to the actual punishment for the crime itself; still common with various kinds of contraband, such as protected living organisms) to the community or even aims to rob them of their socio-economic status, in the extreme case reducing them to utter poverty, or if he or she is condemned to death even denies them the power to bequeath inheritance to their legal heirs. Meanwhile, limited confiscation is often in function of the crime, the rationale being that the criminal must be denied the fruit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleh Dubyna
Oleh Dubyna (; born 20 March 1959) is a former chairman of the board of the Ukraine's national oil and gas company Naftogaz Ukrainy. Biography Dubyna graduated from Kamianske Industrial Institute with a bachelor's degree in Steelmaking in 1982 and from 1985 to 1986 he was a lecturer at the Kamianske polytechnic school. In 1986–1998, Dubyna worked for the Kamianske metallurgical complex and on 1998–1999 at the Alchevsk metallurgical complex. From 1999 to 2001 he worked as the Director General of Kryvorizhstal steel company. In 2001, Oleh Dubyna became the Energy Minister and a Vice Prime Minister in Viktor Yushchenko's government, succeeding at this post Yulia Tymoshenko. After resignation of Viktor Yushchenko, Oleh Dubyna served as the first Vice Prime Minister in the Kinakh Government. From December 2002 until September 2003 he was an adviser of President Leonid Kuchma. On 15 September 2003 Oleh Dubyna was appointed the First Deputy Secretary of the National Security an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upstream (newspaper)
''Upstream'' is an independent oil and gas industry upstream sector weekly newspaper and a daily internet news site. The newspaper is owned by NHST Media Group. It is headquartered in Oslo, Norway. The newspaper covers the upstream sector of the global oil and gas industry with full-time staff correspondents in all the major centres of the industry. It is published every Friday. Upstream had full-time reporters based in its head office in Oslo, as well as bureaux and correspondents in London, Moscow, Accra, New Delhi, Singapore, Wellington Wellington ( mi, Te Whanganui-a-Tara or ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by m ..., Rio de Janeiro and Houston. Its editor in chief is Erik Means. The newspaper was founded in 1996 to compete with well-established rivals including ''Oil & Gas Journal'', ''Petroleum Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Yushchenko
Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko ( uk, Віктор Андрійович Ющенко, ; born 23 February 1954) is a Ukrainian politician who was the third president of Ukraine from 23 January 2005 to 25 February 2010. As an informal leader of the Ukrainian opposition coalition, he was one of the two main candidates in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election. Yushchenko won the presidency through a repeat runoff election between him and Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych. The Ukrainian Supreme Court called for the runoff election to be repeated because of widespread electoral fraud in favor of Yanukovych in the original vote. Yushchenko won in the revote (52% to 44%). Public protests prompted by the electoral fraud played a major role in that presidential election and led to Ukraine's Orange Revolution. Following an assassination attempt in late 2004 during his election campaign, Yushchenko was confirmed to have ingested hazardous amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainian President
The president of Ukraine ( uk, Президент України, Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties. The president is directly elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term of office (whether the presidential election is early or scheduled), limited to two terms consecutively. The president's official residence is the Mariinskyi Palace, located in the Pechersk district of the capital Kyiv. Other official residences include the House with Chimaeras and the House of the Weeping Widow, which are used for official visits by foreign representatives. The Office of the President of Ukraine, unofficially known as "Bankova" in reference to the street it is located on, serves as the presidential office, advising the president in the domestic, foreign and legal matters. Since t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RosUkrEnergo
RosUkrEnergo is a Swiss-registered venture company that transports natural gas from Turkmenistan to East European countries. 50% of the company is owned by Gazprom, through its daughter Swiss-registered Rosgas Holding A.G., and another 50% by Swiss-registered private company Centragas Holding A.G., acting on behalf of a consortium of GDF Group owned by Dmytro Firtash and . Before the 2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute, it was the sole importer of natural gas from Gazprom, reselling it to Naftogaz Ukrainy. Critics have questioned Gazprom's claimed need for RUE as a middleman. RUE has been accused of simply being “a corrupt intermediary” but has dismissed suggestions that Russian or Ukrainian politicians benefit from the arrangement. History The company was created in July 2004 in a deal by former Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin to replace Eural Trans Gas. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy Charter Treaty
The Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) is an international agreement that establishes a multilateral framework for cross-border cooperation in the energy industry, principally the fossil fuel industry. The treaty covers all aspects of commercial energy activities including trade, transit, investments and energy efficiency. The treaty contains dispute resolution procedures both for States Parties to the Treaty (vis-à-vis other States) and as between States and the investors of other States, who have made investments in the territory of the former. Initially, the Energy Charter process aimed to integrate the energy sectors of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at the end of the Cold War into the broader European and world markets. Its role, however, extends beyond east–west cooperation and, through legally binding instruments, free trade in global energy markets and non-discrimination to stimulate foreign direct investments and global cross-border trade. Awards and settlements of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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