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1674 Ambon Earthquake And Megatsunami
The 1674 Ambon earthquake occurred on February 17 between 19:30 and 20:00 local time somewhere in the Maluku Islands. The resulting tsunami reached heights of up to 100 meters on Ambon Island killing over 2,000 individuals. It was the first detailed documentation of a tsunami in Indonesia and the largest ever recorded in the country. Overview The tectonics of the North Maluku Islands is dominated by complex collision, subduction, and strike-slip elements. Intermediate to deep focus earthquakes with a focal depth of 60 km or greater are immediately ruled out as the source because no known historical events of the same kind have generated a large tsunami. The 1938 Banda Sea earthquake, an intermediate depth magnitude 8.5 event only caused a minor tsunami. The Seram Trough is a zone of complex convergence between the Pacific, Australian, Sunda, and numerous micro tectonic plates. This megathrust fault is located north of Seram Island. While it has generated large tsunamigenic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Indonesian Time
The Indonesian Archipelago geographically stretches across four time zones from UTC+06:00 in Aceh to UTC+09:00 in Papua. However, the Indonesian government recognises only three time zones in its territory, namely: *Western Indonesia Time (WIB) — seven hours ahead ( UTC+07:00) of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); *Central Indonesia Time (WITA) — eight hours ahead ( UTC+08:00) of UTC; *Eastern Indonesia Time (WIT) — nine hours ahead ( UTC+09:00) of UTC. The boundary between the Western and Central time zones was established as a line running north between Java and Bali through the provincial boundaries of West and Central Kalimantan. The border between the Central and Eastern time zones runs north from the eastern tip of Indonesian Timor to the eastern tip of Sulawesi. Daylight saving time (DST) is no longer observed anywhere in Indonesia. Current usage In Indonesia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three time zones: These time zones were first observed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banda Sea
The Banda Sea ( id, Laut Banda, pt, Mar de Banda, tet, Tasi Banda) is one of four seas that surround the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, connected to the Pacific Ocean, but surrounded by hundreds of islands, including Timor, as well as the Halmahera and Ceram Seas. It is about 1000 km (600 mi) east to west, and about 500 km (300 mi) north to south. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Banda Sea as being one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago. The IHO defines its limits as follows: ''On the North'' The Southern limits of the Molukka Sea and the Western and Southern limits of the Ceram Sea. ''On the East.'' From Tg Borang, the Northern point of Noehoe Tjoet Kai_Besar">/nowiki>Kai_Besar.html" ;"title="Kai_Besar.html" ;"title="/nowiki>Kai Besar">/nowiki>Kai Besar">Kai_Besar.html" ;"title="/nowiki>Kai Besar">/nowiki>Kai Besar/nowiki>, through this island to its Southern point, thence a line to the Northeast point o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1938 Banda Sea Earthquake
The 1938 Banda Sea earthquake occurred on February 2 with an estimated magnitude of 8.5–8.6 on the moment magnitude scale and a Rossi–Forel intensity of VII (''Very strong tremor''). This oblique-slip event generated destructive tsunamis of up to 1.5 metres in the Banda Sea region, but there were no deaths. Tectonic setting The Banda Sea is located within a very complex tectonic regime that accommodates the convergence between the Australian Plate and the Sunda Plate. The Molucca Sea Plate, Bird's Head Plate, Timor Plate, and Banda Sea Plate all help accommodate the elaborate plate boundary system in the region. This collection of microplates leads to large amounts of seismicity in the area, including the 1852 Banda Sea earthquake which was potentially a 8.8 event, as well as the 1629 Banda Sea earthquake which was also estimated at up to 8.8. Earthquake At around 04:00 local time, a large earthquake started to shake the Banda islands. With a moment magnitude () of 8.5–8 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seram Trough
Seram (formerly spelled Ceram; also Seran or Serang) is the largest and main island of Maluku province of Indonesia, despite Ambon Island's historical importance. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island and a few other adjacent islands, such as Saparua, Haruku, Nusa Laut and the Banda Islands. Geography and geology Seram is traversed by a central mountain range, the highest point of which, Mount Binaiya, is covered with dense rain forests. Its remarkably complex geology is because of its location at the meeting of several tectonic microplates, which have been described as "one of the most tectonically complex areas on Earth". Seram actually falls on its own microplate, which has been twisted around by 80° in the last 8 million years by the relatively faster movement of the Papua microplate. Meanwhile, along with the northward push of the Australian Plate, this has resulted in the uplift that gives north-central Seram peaks of over 3000 m. On the island, there a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Eberhard Rumphius
Georg Eberhard Rumphius (originally: Rumpf; baptized c. 1 November 1627 – 15 June 1702) was a German-born botanist employed by the Dutch East India Company in what is now eastern Indonesia, and is best known for his work ''Herbarium Amboinense'' produced in the face of severe personal tragedies, including the death of his wife and a daughter in an earthquake, going blind from glaucoma, loss of his library and manuscripts in major fire, and losing early copies of his book when the ship carrying it was sunk. Early life Rumphius was the oldest son of August Rumpf, a builder and engineer in Hanau, and Anna Elisabeth Keller, sister of Johann Eberhard Keller, governor of the Dutch-speaking Kleve (Cleves), at that time a district of the Electorate (''Kurfürstentum'') of Brandenburg. He was baptized Georg Eberhard Rumpf in Wölfersheim, where he grew up. He went to the Gymnasium in Hanau. Though born and raised in Germany he spoke and wrote in Dutch from an early age, probably as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Tsunamis
This article lists notable tsunamis, which are sorted by the date and location that the tsunami occurred. Because of seismic and volcanic activity associated with tectonic plate boundaries along the Pacific Ring of Fire, tsunamis occur most frequently in the Pacific Ocean, but are a worldwide natural phenomenon. They are possible wherever large bodies of water are found, including inland lakes, where they can be caused by landslides and glacier calving. Very small tsunamis, non-destructive and undetectable without specialized equipment, occur frequently as a result of minor earthquakes and other events. Around 1600 BC, a tsunami caused by the eruption of Thira devastated the Minoan civilization on Crete and related cultures in the Cyclades, as well as in areas on the Greek mainland facing the eruption, such as the Argolid. The oldest recorded tsunami occurred in 479 BC. It destroyed a Persian army that was attacking the town of Potidaea in Greece.Smid, T. C.: "'Tsunamis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Earthquakes In Indonesia
__NOTOC__ This is an incomplete list of more recent recorded major earthquakes that have occurred within the boundaries of Indonesia. The determinants of the activity are indicated by the geology of the region, and the volcanic activity. Large numbers of earthquakes of smaller magnitude occur very regularly due to the meeting of major tectonic plates in the region. Based on the records of the USGS, Indonesia has had more than 150 earthquakes with magnitude > 7 in the period 1901–2019. Earthquakes 2000–present 1900-1999 1629-1899 See also * Eurasian Plate * Geology of Indonesia * Indo-Australian Plate * Krakatoa * List of faults in Indonesia * List of historical earthquakes * List of natural disasters in Indonesia * List of tsunamis affecting Indonesia * List of volcanoes in Indonesia * Seismicity of the Sumatra coast References Sources * Further reading * External links * Hayes, G.P. ''et al.'' 2013Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2012 S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Historical Earthquakes
Historical earthquakes is a list of significant earthquakes known to have occurred prior to the beginning of the 20th century. As the events listed here occurred before routine instrumental recordings, they rely mainly on the analysis of written sources. There is often significant uncertainty in location and magnitude and sometimes date for each earthquake. The number of fatalities is also often highly uncertain, particularly for the older events. Pre-11th century 11th–18th centuries 19th century Source for all events with 'USGS' labelled as the source United States Geological Survey (USGS''Note: Magnitudes are generally estimations from intensity data. When no magnitude was available, the Mercalli intensity scale, maximum intensity, written as a Roman numeral from I to XII, is given.'' See also * :Articles on pre-1900 earthquakes * List of 20th-century earthquakes * List of 21st-century earthquakes * List of tsunamis * Lists of earthquakes * List of megathrust earth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earthquakes In Indonesia
__NOTOC__ This is an incomplete list of more recent recorded major earthquakes that have occurred within the boundaries of Indonesia. The determinants of the activity are indicated by the geology of the region, and the volcanic activity. Large numbers of earthquakes of smaller magnitude occur very regularly due to the meeting of major tectonic plates in the region. Based on the records of the USGS, Indonesia has had more than 150 earthquakes with magnitude > 7 in the period 1901–2019. Earthquakes 2000–present 1900-1999 1629-1899 See also * Eurasian Plate * Geology of Indonesia * Indo-Australian Plate * Krakatoa * List of faults in Indonesia * List of historical earthquakes * List of natural disasters in Indonesia * List of tsunamis affecting Indonesia * List of volcanoes in Indonesia * Seismicity of the Sumatra coast References Sources * Further reading * External links * Hayes, G.P. ''et al.'' 2013Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2012 Suma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsunamis In Indonesia
A tsunami ( ; from ja, 津波, lit=harbour wave, ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances) above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are in turn generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water from a large event. Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or sea waves because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide. For this reason, it is often referred to as a tidal wave, although this usage is not favoured by the scientific community because it might give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megatsunamis
A megatsunami is a very large wave created by a large, sudden displacement of material into a body of water. Megatsunamis have quite different features from ordinary tsunamis. Ordinary tsunamis are caused by underwater tectonic activity (movement of the earth's plates) and therefore occur along plate boundaries and as a result of earthquakes and the subsequent rise or fall in the sea floor that displaces a volume of water. Ordinary tsunamis exhibit shallow waves in the deep waters of the open ocean that increase dramatically in height upon approaching land to a maximum run-up height of around in the cases of the most powerful earthquakes. By contrast, megatsunamis occur when a large amount of material suddenly falls into water or anywhere near water (such as via a meteor impact or volcanic activity). They can have extremely large initial wave heights ranging from hundreds and possibly up to thousands of metres, far beyond the height of any ordinary tsunami. These giant wave hei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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