|
1433 Deaths
Year 1433 ( MCDXXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * May 31 – Sigismund is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome. There has been no crowned Emperor since the death of his father, Charles IV, in 1378. * August 14 – Edward I becomes King of Portugal. * September – Cosimo de' Medici, later the ''de facto'' ruler of Florence and patron of Marsilio Ficino, is exiled by the Albizzi/ Strozzi faction (Cosimo returns a year later, in September 1434). * October – Iliaș of Moldavia is deposed by his half-brother and joint ruler Stephen II. Date unknown * The Ming Dynasty in China completes its last great maritime expedition, led by Admiral Zheng He; the fleet would be dispersed, altering the balance of power in the Indian Ocean, and making it easier for Portugal and other Western naval powers to gain dominance over the seas. * In Ming Dynasty China, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, each letter with a fixed integer value, modern style uses only these seven: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced by Arabic numerals; however, this process was gradual, and the use of Roman numerals persists in some applications to this day. One place they are often seen is on clock faces. For instance, on the clock of Big Ben (designed in 1852), the hours from 1 to 12 are written as: The notations and can be read as "one less than five" (4) and "one less than ten" (9), although there is a tradition favouring representation of "4" as "" on Roman numeral clocks. Other common uses include year numbers on monuments and buildings and co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strozzi Family
The House of Strozzi is the name of an ancient (later noble) Florentine family, who like their great rivals the Medici family, began in banking before moving into politics. Until its exile from Florence in 1434, the Strozzi family was by far the richest in the city, and was rivaled only by the Medici family, who ultimately took control of the government and ruined the Strozzi both financially and politically. This political and financial competition was the origin of the Strozzi-Medici rivalry. Later, while the Medici ruled Florence, the Strozzi family ruled Siena, which Florence attacked, causing great animosity between the two families. Soon afterward, the Strozzi married into the Medici family, essentially giving the Medici superiority. History Palla Strozzi (1372–1462) neglected the family bank, but played an important part in the public life of Florence, and founded the first public library in Florence in the monastery of Santa Trinita, as well as commissioning the import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigismondo D'Este (1433-1507)
Sigismondo d'Este may refer to: * Sigismondo d'Este (1433-1507), second son of Niccolò III d'Este and his third wife Ricciarda di Saluzzo * Sigismondo d'Este (1480-1524), youngest son of Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, and Eleanor of Aragon {{hndis category:House of Este ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August 31
Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year. * 1218 – Al-Kamil becomes sultan of the Ayyubid dynasty. *1314 – King Haakon V of Norway moves the capital from Bergen to Oslo. *1422 – King Henry V of England dies of dysentery while in France. His son, Henry VI becomes King of England at the age of nine months. *1535 – Pope Paul III excommunicates English King Henry VIII from the church. He drew up a papal bull of excommunication which began ''Eius qui immobilis''. 1601–1900 *1776 – William Livingston, the first Governor of New Jersey, begins serving his first term. * 1795 – War of the First Coalition: The British capture Trincomalee (present-day Sri Lanka) from the Dutch in order to keep it out of French hands. * 1798 – Irish Rebelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Code Of Kalantiaw
The Code of Rajah Kalantiaw was a supposed legal code in the epic history Maragtas that is said to have been written in 1433 by Datu Kalantiaw, a chief on the island of Negros in the Philippines. It is now generally accepted by historians that the documents supporting the existence and history of the code, according to some sources, “appear to be deliberate fabrications with no historical validity." written in 1913 by a priest named Jose Marco as a part of a historical fiction titled ''Las antiguas leyendas de la Isla de Negros'' ( en, The Ancient Legends of the Island of Negros). In 1990, Philippine historian Teodoro Agoncillo described the code as "a disputed document." Despite doubts on its authenticity, some history texts continue to present it as historical fact. History and authenticity dispute In 1917, the historian Jose Marco wrote about the Code of Kalantiaw in his book ''Historia Prehispana de Filipinas'' ("Prehispanic History of the Philippines") where he moved th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalantiaw
Datu Kalantiaw (Rajah Bendahara Kalantiaw) (sometimes spelled Kalantiao) was once considered an important part of Philippine history as the one who created the first legal code in the Philippines, known as the Code of Kalantiaw in 1433. He was considered by Filipinos, particularly the Visayans, as the third head of Panay (an island in Visayas with four provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz and Iloilo). He was a source of fierce Filipino and Visayan pride for decades, until his authenticity was debunked by Historian William Henry Scott in his PhD thesis, ''Critical Study of the Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History'' relegating the once legendary historical figure into a mythical Filipino character or an urban legend. History Kalantiaw's name first appeared in print in July 1913 in an article entitled "Civilización prehispana" published in the Philippine news-magazine ''Renacimiento Filipino''. The article mentioned 16 laws enacted by King Kalantiaw in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable, and durable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilization, as well as fabric remnants dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use. Along its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Andaman Sea. Etymology The Indian Ocean has been known by its present name since at least 1515 when the Latin form ''Oceanus Orientalis Indicus'' ("Indian Eastern Ocean") is attested, named after India, which projects into it. It was earlier known as the ''Eastern Ocean'', a term that was still in use during the mid-18th century (see map), as opposed to the ''Western Ocean'' ( Atlantic) before the Pacific was surmised. Conversely, Chinese explorers in the Indian Ocean during the 15th century called it the Western Oceans. In Ancie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zheng He
Zheng He (; 1371–1433 or 1435) was a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. He was originally born as Ma He in a Muslim family and later adopted the surname Zheng conferred by the Yongle Emperor. Commissioned by the Yongle Emperor and later the Xuande Emperor, Zheng commanded seven expeditionary treasure voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433. According to legend, his larger ships carried hundreds of sailors on four decks and were almost twice as long as any wooden ship ever recorded. As a favorite of the Yongle Emperor, whom Zheng assisted in the overthrow of the Jianwen Emperor, he rose to the top of the imperial hierarchy and served as commander of the southern capital Nanjing. Early life and family Zheng He was born Ma He () to a Muslim family of Kunyang, Kunming, Yunnan, during the Ming dynasty of China. He had an older brother and four sisters. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treasure Voyages
The Ming treasure voyages were the seven maritime expeditions undertaken by Ming China's treasure fleet between 1405 and 1433. The Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of the treasure fleet in 1403. The grand project resulted in far-reaching ocean voyages to the coastal territories and islands in and around the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean, and beyond. Admiral Zheng He was commissioned to command the treasure fleet for the expeditions. Six of the voyages occurred during the Yongle reign (r. 1402–24), while the seventh voyage occurred during the Xuande reign (r. 1425–1435). The first three voyages reached up to Calicut on India's Malabar Coast, while the fourth voyage went as far as Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. In the last three voyages, the fleet traveled up to the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. The Chinese expeditionary fleet was heavily militarized and carried great amounts of treasures, which served to project Chinese power and wealth to the known world. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of the court eunuchs and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen II Of Moldavia
Stephen II (or Ștefan II), (c. 1410 – 13 July 1447) was a Prince (Voivode) of Moldavia. He ruled alone between September 1434 and August 1435, jointly with Iliaș of Moldavia from August 1435 to May 1443, alone from May 1443 to May 1444, in association with his brother Petru from May 1444 to 1445, and alone until July 1447. Life He was the son of Alexander the Good and a concubine, Stanca. He deposed his brother Iliaș I with the assistance several boyars and of the Wallachian Prince Vlad II Dracul. In exchange for Pokuttya the Poles, to whom Iliaș had pledged his allegiance, also recognised him, and King Władysław III agreed to capture Iliaș and hold him in prison. Iliaș was eventually freed in 1435, and returned at the head of an army, engaging his brother in several battles; the indecisive one in ''Podraga'' or ''Podagra'' (the present-day village of Podriga in Drăgușeni) brought Władysław III's mediation: an agreement was reached for Stephen and Iliaș to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
