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1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party Ceasefire
The Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire of 1993 was a short lived ceasefire declared by Abdullah Öcalan at a press conference he held together with Jalal Talabani ahead of Newroz on 17 March 1993. Background The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) waged a guerrilla war against Turkey since 1984. Their demands initially included independence for a Kurdistan to be created out of the Kurdish areas in Turkey, but later transformed into a demand for more political and cultural freedom. In 1991, the Government of Turgut Özal ended the denial of the Kurdish identity by the Turkish government, a policy majorly implemented by the Turkish government since its first constitution in 1924. Following, Öcalan gave interviews to several newspapers based in Turkey and spoke of his willingness to reach a political solution in the conflict with Turkey. History At the press conference on 17 March with Jalal Talabani, the leader of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), three aspects of the cea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Abdullah Öcalan
Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1948 or 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish; Kurdish for "uncle"), is a founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He helped found the PKK in 1978, and led it into the Kurdish–Turkish conflict in 1984. For most of his leadership, he was based in Syria, which provided sanctuary to the PKK until the late 1990s. After being forced to leave Syria, Öcalan was abducted by the Turkish National Intelligence Organization (MIT) in Nairobi, Kenya in February 1999 and imprisoned on İmralı island in Turkey, where after a trial he was sentenced to death under Article 125 of the Turkish Penal Code, which concerns the formation of armed organizations. The sentence was commuted to aggravated life imprisonment when Turkey abolished the death penalty. From 1999 until 2009, he was the sole prisoner in İmralı prison in the Sea of Marmara, where he is still held. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Süleyman Demirel
Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel (; 1 November 1924 – 17 June 2015) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, engineer, and statesman who served as the List of Presidents of Turkey, 9th President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000. He previously served as the Prime Minister of Turkey seven times between the years 1965 and 1993. He was the leader of the Justice Party (Turkey), Justice Party (AP) from 1964 to 1980 and the leader of the True Path Party (DYP) from 1987 to 1993. Having been identified as a potential future prime minister by Adnan Menderes, Demirel was elected leader of the Justice Party in 1964 and managed to bring down the government of İsmet İnönü in 1965 despite not being a Member of Parliament. He supported the government of Suat Hayri Ürgüplü until his party won a parliamentary majority in 1965 Turkish general election, 1965. He became the first prime minister born in the Republic of Turkey. Claiming that his Justice Party was the successor of the banned Democr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Trial Of Abdullah Öcalan
The trial of Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), began on 31 May 1999 and concluded on 29 June with a death sentence for treason and separatism. Öcalan was captured in February 1999 in Nairobi, Kenya and extradited to Turkey. He was imprisoned on the İmralı island in the Sea of Marmara. After his conviction, Öcalan appealed to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), which ruled he did not have a fair trial and demanded a retrial. The death sentence was confirmed by the Court of Cassation in November 1999 and Turkey denied Öcalan a retrial. His death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in October 2002. Background Turkey has issued seven arrest warrants for Abdullah Öcalan, including a red notice with Interpol. Öcalan was the leader of the PKK at the time, which had led an uprising against the Turkish Government demanding more political rights for the Kurdish population in Turkey. Öcalan had lived several of the last twenty years i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ä°smet Sezgin
İsmet Sezgin (6 January 1928 – 7 December 2016) was a Turkish politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and Minister of National Defense from 1997 to 1999, as the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly in 1995, as the Minister of the Interior from 1991 to 1993, as the Minister of Finance from 1979 to 1980 and as the Minister of Youth and Sports from 1969 to 1971. Between 1999 and 2002, he served as the Leader of the Democrat Turkey Party, but did not contest any elections. With a history in the Turkish political right, Sezgin had actively participated in the historical Democrat Party led by Adnan Menderes until the 1960 coup d'état. Entering Parliament as a Member of Parliament for Aydın in the 1961 general election, he served continuously as an MP until the 1980 coup d'état, after which he was re-elected in the 1991 general election. He lost his seat in the 1999 general election and retired from active politics in 2002. He was also active i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bingöl
Bingöl (; ; ), known as Çapakçur before 1944, is a city in Turkey. It is the seat of Bingöl Province and Bingöl District,İlçe Belediyesi Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023. and has a population of 133,423 (2022). Etymology One of the historical names for the city, ''Bingöl'' literally means ''thousand lakes'' in Turkish; however, there are no lakes of considerable size within the boundaries of the Bingöl Province, province. The name rather refers to many Tarn (lake), tarns found around the city.History Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of Sophene (first an Kingdom of Sophene, independent kingdom and later an Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Armenian and Roman Empire, Roman province).[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Elazığ
Elazığ () is a city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, and the administrative centre of Elazığ Province and Elazığ District. Founded in and around the former city of Harput, it is located in the uppermost Euphrates valley. The plain on which the city extends has an altitude of . Elazığ resembles an inland peninsula surrounded by the natural Lake Hazar and reservoirs of Keban Dam, Karakaya Dam, Kıralkızı and Özlüce. Its population is 387,072 (2022). Name Mezre Elazığ was once a suburb of the ancient fortress town of Harput called . Heinrich Hübschmann believed Mezre to be the settlement of Mazara () mentioned by Ptolemy, while Nicholas Adontz derived the name from an Arabic word meaning arable land or hamlet (borrowed into Turkish as 'hamlet'). The toponym originated as a shortening of ('hamlet of the aghas/landlords') or ('Çötelizade family namehamlet'). This may be explained by the fact that some notables from Harput had been exiled from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tansu Çiller
Tansu Çiller (; born 24 May 1946) is a Turkish academic, economist, and politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Turkey from 1993 to 1996. She was Turkey's first and only female prime minister. As the leader of the True Path Party, she went on to concurrently serve as Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and as Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1996 and 1997. As a Professor of Economics, Çiller was appointed Minister of State for the economy by Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel in 1991. When Demirel was elected as President in 1993, Çiller succeeded him as leader of the True Path Party and Prime Minister. Her premiership presided over the intensifying armed conflict between the Turkish Armed Forces and the PKK, resulting in Çiller's enacting numerous reforms to national defense. Her government was able to persuade the United States and the European Union to register the PKK as a terrorist organization. However, she was responsible for war crimes and crimes agains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Doğan Güreş
Doğan Güreş (15 February 1926 – 14 October 2014) was a Turkish general and True Path Party politician. Education After he graduated from Kuleli Military High School in 1945, Güreş kept on studying at the Turkish Military Academy and accomplished a degree in 1947. Following, he received a degree from the School of Transportation in 1949. He was engaged in several posts in the Turkish Land Forces and in 1965 he also graduated from the Army Staff College. Military career He was Chief of the General Staff of Turkey from 1990 to 1994, having been Commander of the First Army of Turkey (1987–1989) and Commander of the Turkish Army (1989–1990). As Necip Torumtay resigned from his post as Chief of General Staff, Gürsel was appointed in his stead the next day. In 1992 he proclaimed self-confidently that "Turkey is a military state". The 1991 Yeşilova incident took place under his tenure as Chief of the General Staff, as did the 1992 Operation Northern Iraq and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ahmet Türk
Ahmet Türk (born 2 July 1942, in Derik, Turkey, Derik, Mardin Province, Mardin, Turkey) is a Kurds in Turkey, Kurdish politician from the Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party (DEM Party). He has been a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for several terms and was elected thrice as the Mayor of Mardin. Political career He was elected MP for the Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970), Democratic Party (DP) representing Mardin Province, Mardin province in 1973. Later he resigned and joined the Republican People's Party (CHP) and was re-elected as a deputy representing Mardin. Following the military coup in 1980, he was removed from parliament, arrested and sent to Diyarbakır Prison, Diyarbakir Prison for 22 months. After his release, he was active in different left wing parties. In 1987, he was elected to parliament as a representative of Mardin Province, Mardin on behalf of the Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey), Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) but got expell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
