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1914 Peruvian Coup D'état
The 1914 Peruvian coup d'état took place on January 4, 1914, headed by Colonel Óscar R. Benavides, who a day earlier was removed from his position as chief of the Army General Staff. The coup was aimed at preventing Guillermo Billinghurst's government from dissolving the Peruvian Congress, which opposed him. It was the first successful coup d'état of the 20th century in Peru. Overview Guillermo Billinghurst's government was marked by a progressive confrontation with the Congress of the Republic, dominated by the opposition. The continuous labour reforms implemented by his populist government, such as the approval of the eight-hour day, created a climate of tension between political elites and businessmen. The first serious confrontation occurred in October 1913 when Billinghurst refused to call an Extraordinary Legislature so that Congress could approve the Budget Law, as it was required to do. Billinghurst approved this law by decree, thus usurping a constitutional power of Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristocratic Republic (Peru)
The name of Aristocratic Republic () is given to the period following the 1895 Peruvian presidential election, 1895 election of Nicolás de Piérola as President of Peru. This period was characterised by the political dominance of an oligarchy dedicated to agro-exports, mining and finance, through the Civilista Party. The term was coined by historian Jorge Basadre. During this period, the so-called Second Civilism () took place, in contrast to Manuel Pardo y Lavalle, that of 1872 to 1876. The period begins with the rise to power of Nicolás de Piérola, which marks the beginning of a succession of democratically elected governments, until the 1919 Peruvian coup d'état, coup of Augusto B. Leguía in 1919. The only interruption of this succession occurred in 1914 when, due to differences between the Civilista Party and Guillermo Billinghurst, General Óscar R. Benavides carries out a 1914 Peruvian coup d'état, coup d'état to call general elections. It is the second longest perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Peru (1860)
The Political Constitution of the Republic of Peru (; Southern Quechua: ''Perú Suyu Hatun Kamay Pirwa 1993'') is the supreme law of Peru. The current constitution, enacted on 31 December 1993, is Peru's fifth in the 20th century and replaced the 1979 Constitution. The Constitution was drafted by the Democratic Constituent Congress that was convened by President Alberto Fujimori during the Peruvian Constitutional Crisis of 1992 that followed his 1992 self-coup and dissolution of Congress, and was promulgated on 29 December 1993. A Democratic Constitutional Congress (CCD) was elected in 1992, and the final text was approved in a 1993 referendum. The Constitution was primarily created by Fujimori and supporters without the participation of any opposing entities. The 1993 Constitution of Peru differed originally from the 1979 Constitution in that it gave greater power to the president. For example, it allowed for reelection, reduced the bicameral 240-member congress to a unicamer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1915 Peruvian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Peru in 1915. They followed a coup in January 1914 that overthrew the government of Guillermo Billinghurst. José Pardo y Barreda of the Civilista Party was elected president with 91% of the vote. Ricardo Bentín Sánchez was elected first vice president and Melitón Carvajal second vice president. Background A new electoral law was approved in February, which abolished the previous electoral register. Coup leader Óscar R. Benavides hoped to avoid a repeat of the highly partisan politics that preceded the coup and called for parties to work together. As a result, in March 1915 the Civilista Party, Constitutional Party and Liberal Party held a joint convention, with 418 members in attendance. The parties agreed to support a common presidential candidate, selecting former president José Pardo y Barreda on 28 March. On 25 April the convention selected Ricardo Bentín Sánchez and Melitón Carvajal as candidates for the vice presidencies. Res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party (Peru)
The Democratic Party (, PD) was a political party in Peru. It was founded in 1889 by Nicolás de Piérola, who won the presidential elections of 1895. The only other president to be a member of the party was Guillermo Billinghurst, who won the presidential elections of 1912. Despite the party's large support, mainly between lower classes, the Democratic Party had not many President for his abstention from some elections. It was the main rival of the Civilista Party, identified as an expression of the oligarchy. In 1909, the party supported a revolt against President Augusto B. Leguía's dictatorship A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no Limited government, limitations. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by a dictator, ..., that was repressed in blood. After Piérola's death in 1913, the party had less support and in 1933, finally merged in the Republi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Pardo Y Barreda
José Simón Pardo y Barreda (February 24, 1864 – August 3, 1947) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 35th (1904–1908) and 39th (1915–1919) President of Peru. Biography Born in Lima, Peru, he was the son of Manuel Justo Pardo y Lavalle, who had been the first civilian president of Peru (1872-1876) and the founder of the Civilista Party; he is one of two second-generation Peruvian presidents ( Manuel Prado, son of former dictator Mariano Ignacio Prado, is the other). His grandfather, Felipe Pardo y Aliaga (1806-1868), was a distinguished diplomat, writer and politician who was also a Foreign Minister and Vice President of the Peruvian Council of State before, during and after the presidencies of Vivanco and Castilla. José Pardo headed the Civilista Party and was Foreign Minister under Eduardo López de Romaña and then Prime Minister (1903-1904) under Manuel Candamo. After Candamo's death, Serapio Calderón became the interim president and called for new electi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Party (Peru)
Liberal Party (), was a political party in Peru. It was founded in 1901 by Augusto Durand Maldonado Augusto Nicolás Durand Fernández-Maldonado ( — ) was a Peruvian politician and agricultural businessman. He became popular for organizing revolutions against various governments of the so-called Aristocratic Republic, leading armed groups. H .... References Liberal parties in Peru Political parties established in 1901 {{Peru-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Party (Peru)
The Constitutional Party () was a political party in Peru. The party was founded in 1886 by Andrés Avelino Cáceres, a national hero from the War of the Pacific. The party was an expression of the nationalist and military oligarchy, in addition to the biggest landowners and the Catholic Church. The Constitutional Party formed an agreement with the Civilista Party to arrest the Democratic Party's advancement, causing a civil war A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same Sovereign state, state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies.J ... in 1895. However, after the end of civil war in 1896, the party was ousted from power and dissolved. References {{Reflist Conservative parties in Peru Defunct political parties in Peru Nationalist parties in Peru Political parties disestablished in 1896 Political parties established in 1886 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civilista Party
The Civilista Party (, PC) was a political party in Peru. History Founded as a countermeasure against the growing power of the military in Peru during the first half of the Republic, the party's sole purpose was to establish a civilian rule in the country. This, however, did not prevent them from creating political alliances with the military during its first years of existence. Founded in 1872, the party's first candidate was its founder, Manuel Pardo, who was elected on August 2, 1872. During the 1870s, economic growth and a certain degree of political stability had laid the conditions for creating the country's first political party. It was also a new era of international trade, business, and finance that Peru was benefiting from. Some believed that this era required the managerial skills that an educated and professional ''Elite'' could provide and believed Manuel Pardo was apt for this job. The Civilista Party was first primarily composed of the newly rich merchants, pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Of Santa Catalina, Lima
The Fort of Santa Catalina (Spanish language, Spanish: Fuerte de Santa Catalina) in Lima, Peru, is a Neoclassical architecture, Neoclassical style building that partly survives and it is in a good condition, and it is one of the few examples representative of the Peruvian colonial architecture, military colonial architecture that still exists in Peru. Its remaining premises host the ''Escuela Taller de Lima'' and feature the original outerwalls, as well as a chapel known as the Chapel of Saint Barbara (). It dates to the 1800s and was built on a land called "Huerta de los Llanos" and "Huerta Perdida" or that of the "Cuero", which belonged to the Monasteries of Santa Catalina de Siena and de la Concepción respectively. The property is registered as property of the Peruvian State in the ''Margesí'' of National Heritages: Asiento 12, Foja 37, Volume I of the Book of Properties of Lima having, at present, a total area of 25,250 square meters. The Liman traditionalist Ricardo Palma, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
