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1847 års Fattigvårdförordning
The Poor relief regulation of 1847 (Swedish language, Swedish: 1847 års fattigvårdförordning) was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public poor relief system in Sweden. With some alterations in 1853 and 1871, it established the basis for the poor relief system until the Poor Care Law of 1918 was passed. History The law replaced the ''1642 års tiggareordning'' which had previously regulated the public poor relief system. At the time the 1847 reform was enacted, care for the poor was largely organized in the traditional ''rotegång'' system, administered by the church. The 1847 regulation established a public board of directors for poor relief in each parish. Though the church was no longer directly involved, the vicar in each parish was to be given a seat on the board. The law also made it mandatory to contribute to the parish poor fund. The ban for paupers who received benefits to move to another parish was also lifted, and the right of the parish to refuse a pauper (not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Language
Swedish ( ) is a North Germanic languages, North Germanic language from the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland. It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the Germanic_languages#Statistics, fourth most spoken Germanic language, and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall. Swedish, like the other North Germanic languages, Nordic languages, is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian language, Norwegian and Danish language, Danish, although the degree of mutual intelligibility is dependent on the dialect and accent of the speaker. Standard Swedish, spoken by most Swedes, is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century, and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional Variety ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poor Law
In English and British history, poor relief refers to government and ecclesiastical action to relieve poverty. Over the centuries, various authorities have needed to decide whose poverty deserves relief and also who should bear the cost of helping the poor. Alongside ever-changing attitudes towards poverty, many methods have been attempted to answer these questions. Since the early 16th century legislation on poverty enacted by the Parliament of England, poor relief has developed from being little more than a systematic means of punishment into a complex system of government-funded support and protection, especially following the creation in the 1940s of the welfare state. Tudor era In the late 15th century, Parliament took action on the growing problem of poverty, focusing on punishing people for being " vagabonds" and for begging. In 1495, during the reign of King Henry VII, Parliament enacted the Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494. This provided for officers of the law to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1642 års Tiggareordning
Beggar regulation of 1642 ( Swedish: 1642 års tiggareordning) was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public Poor relief in the Sweden. The regulations of the law, with some alterations, was in effect until the Poor relief regulation of 1847 In the Middle Ages, poor care in Sweden was traditionally handled through the rotegångsystem in the country side, and by the poor houses of the church in the cities, a system which was kept after the Swedish Reformation, though the responsibility was formally (though not in practice) transferred from the church to the civil authorities (as the church itself became owned by the state). The regulation of 1642 stated that the every parish were responsible for their own paupers. Every parish should have a poor house for old and sick people, and an orphanage for children, financed by the parish church collection. If such facilities did not exist in the parish (and in rural communities, they seldom did, except for the occasional backstuga), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotegång
('walk the parish') or ('walk around') was a historical form of care for the poor in the history of Sweden to support the very poorest in the peasant community. was practiced in the Swedish countryside already in the Middle Ages to care for those of the community destitute who could not work. In 1296, it was mentioned in the Law of Uppland that a community pauper had the right to be given shelter in the households of the parish for 24 hours each. This method was a phenomenon of the countryside, as the city paupers were normally given shelter in the poor houses from at least circa 1300 onward. Those of the destitute (pauper) who could not be placed in a '' backstuga'' or in a poor house, which did not always exist in rural communities, were referred to the '. The households of a parish were traditionally divided into s: normally, one of the village contained six households. Each was given responsibility for one pauper each, who were then shifted between them according to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poor House
A poorhouse or workhouse is a government-run (usually by a county or municipality) facility to support and provide housing for the dependent or needy. Workhouses In England, Wales and Ireland (but not in Scotland), "workhouse" has been the more common term. Before the introduction of the Poor Laws, each parish would maintain its own workhouse; often these would be simple farms with the occupants dividing their time between working the farm and being employed on maintaining local roads and other parish works. An example of one such is Strand House in East Sussex. In the early Victorian era (see Poor Law), poverty was seen as a dishonourable state. As depicted by Charles Dickens, a workhouse could resemble a reformatory, often housing whole families, or a penal labour regime giving manual work to the indigent and subjecting them to physical punishment. At many workhouses, men and women were split up with no communication between them. Furthermore, these workhouse systems were in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fattigauktion
('poor auction'), was a historical practice within Swedish poor relief during the 19th century, in which paupers were auctioned off to a bidder among the parishioners willing to house them in exchange for the lowest amount of money for their keep from the parish poor care board. In accordance with the '' Poor Relief Regulation 1847'', every parish was responsible for the support of the poor within their parish, a help financed by every member of the parish through the church fund, and distributed and organized through the poor care board. Paupers were divided in two classes. The first class consisted of a pauper unable to support themselves, usually meaning old people, orphans, and the physically or mentally disabled. The second class consisted of people being temporarily supported by poor relief. The paupers of the first class were, according to law, to be placed in a poor house, an orphanage or a hospital. In reality, however, many parishes in the country side neglected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Famine Of 1867–1869
The Famine of 1867–1869 was the last famine in Sweden, and (together with the Finnish famine of 1866–1868) the last major famine in Northern Europe. In Sweden, the year 1867 was known as () and, in Tornedalen, as () because of the bark bread made of lichen.Häger, Olle; Torell, Carl; Villius, Hans (1978). ''Ett satans år: Norrland 1867.'' Stockholm: Sveriges Radio. It contributed to the great rush of Swedish emigration to the United States. Causes During the 1860s, Sweden had suffered poor harvests on several occasions. The spring and summer of 1867 were much colder than usual all over Sweden. In Burträsk, for example, it was not possible to start sowing before Midsummer: snow was still left in June. The late spring was followed by a very short summer and an early autumn. This caused not just bad harvests, but also made it difficult to feed the cattle. The consequence was rising food prices. This caused famine in some counties in northern Sweden, including Väste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1871 års Fattigvårdförordning
Poor Relief Regulation of 1871 ( Swedish: 1871 års fattigvårdförordning) was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public Poor relief in the Sweden. It replaced the ''1847 års fattigvårdförordning'' and was in effect until the Poor Care Law of 1918. In 1847, the first Swedish social help system separate from the church had been organized by the Poor relief regulation of 1847. It was adjusted only to a very minor degree by the 1853 års fattigvårdförordning. The rapid changes during the mid 19th-century, including industrialisation, urbanization, labour movement and socialism, created an opposition toward public social projects among the ruling elite, who came to regard them as communism. The law from 1847, which was influenced by the liberalism of the 1840s, came to be regarded as too generous, and gradually the authorities came to practice it more and more strictly. This was illustrated during the Swedish famine of 1867–1869, when emergency relief was delivered alm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 års Fattigvårdslag
Poor Care Law of 1918 ( Swedish: 1918 års fattigvårdslag'')'' was a Swedish Poor Law which organized the public Poor relief in the Sweden. It replaced the ''1871 års fattigvårdförordning'' and was in effect until the modern Social Help Law of 1952. The law was clubbed by the Swedish Parliament on 14 June 1918. It replaced the Law of 1871, which had been very strict and complemented by abusive practices such as Rotegång, the pauper auctions and child auction. The law of 1918 reformed and humanized the entire social relief system in Sweden. It transformed the old poor care system to a more modern social welfare law, expanded the right to social help to and reintroduced the right to appeal. It abolished a number of practices associated with the old system, such as the Rotegång, the pauper auctions, the child auctions, and transformed the old poor houses to retirement homes. See also * Welfare in Sweden Social welfare in Sweden is made up of several organizations and sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Child Auction
Child auction (, ) was a historical practice in Sweden and Finland during the 19th and early 20th centuries, in which orphan and poor children were boarded out in auctions. The name ''auction'', however, does not refer to actual slave auctions, as the children in these auctions were never actually bought in a legal sense, but the name has become the common name for the practice. The children were handed over to the person asking least money from the authorities to provide for the child. The compensation was determined in descending English auctions, where the children were present. The lowest bidder became the child's foster parent and was compensated with an annual amount equal to the bid. The foster parents provided the child with housing, upbringing and education, but the children were often used for child labour. Especially in the Finnish countryside, children sold at auction usually lived in very poor conditions and were mistreated. Child auctions were prohibited in Sweden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welfare In Sweden
Social welfare in Sweden is made up of several organizations and systems dealing with welfare spending, welfare. It is mostly funded by taxes, and executed by the public sector on all levels of government as well as private organizations. It can be separated into three parts falling under three different ministries. Social welfare is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (Sweden), Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. Education is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education and Research (Sweden), Ministry of Education and Research. The labour market is the responsibility of the Ministry of Employment (Sweden), Ministry of Employment. History The modern Swedish welfare system was preceded by the poor relief organized by the Church of Sweden. This was formalized in the 1642 års tiggareordning, Beggar Law of 1642, and became mandatory in the Civil Code of 1734, when each parish was required to have an almshouse. This system was changed with the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
