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1754 In Science
The year 1754 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Immanuel Kant, German philosopher, postulates retardation of Earth's orbit. Chemistry * Joseph Black, Scottish chemist, discovers carbonic acid gas. Earth sciences * Albert Brahms, Frisian Dijkgraaf, begins publication of ''Anfangsgründe der Deich und Wasser-Baukunst'' ("Principles of Dike and Aquatic Engineering") advocating scientific recording of tides. Mathematics * Joshua Kirby publishes the pamphlet ''Dr. Brook Taylor's Method of Perspective made Easy both in Theory and Practice'' containing William Hogarth's '' Satire on False Perspective''. * Lagrange begins to work on the problem of tautochrone. Physics * Václav Prokop Diviš, Czech theologian and natural scientist in the fields of applied electricity, develops a weather-machine. The same year, an electrical conductor devised by him is installed at the Vienna General Hospital. Awards * Copley Medal: William Lewis Births * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satire On False Perspective
''Satire on False Perspective'' is the title of an engraving produced by the English artist William Hogarth in 1754 for his friend Joshua Kirby's pamphlet on linear perspective. The intent of the work is clearly given by its caption: Summary The work shows a scene that provides many deliberate examples of confused and misplaced perspective effects. Although the individual components of the scene seem self-consistent, the scene itself can be classed as an example of an impossible object. Partial list of "errors" # The man in the foreground's fishing rod's line passes behind that of the man behind him. # The sign is moored to two buildings, one in front of the other, with beams that show no difference in depth # The sign is overlapped by two distant trees. # The man climbing the hill is lighting his pipe with the candle of the woman leaning out of the upper story window. # The crow perched on the tree is massive in comparison to it. # The church appears to front onto the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scotland
Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjacent Islands of Scotland, islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. To the south-east, Scotland has its Anglo-Scottish border, only land border, which is long and shared with England; the country is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the north-east and east, and the Irish Sea to the south. The population in 2022 was 5,439,842. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow is the most populous of the cities of Scotland. The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the 9th century. In 1603, James VI succeeded to the thrones of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland, forming a personal union of the Union of the Crowns, three kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archibald Menzies
Archibald Menzies ( ; 15 March 1754 – 15 February 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, botanist and naturalist. He spent many years at sea, serving with the Royal Navy, private merchants, and the Vancouver Expedition. During his naval expeditions, he assembled the most extensive collection of extra-European lichen specimens of the 18th century, significantly contributing to the field of lichenology. He was the first recorded European to reach the summit of the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa and introduced the monkey puzzle tree (Chile pine) to England. Life and career Menzies was born at Easter Stix (or Styx) in the parish of Weem, in Perthshire, Scotland. While working with his elder brother William at the Royal Botanic Gardens, he drew the attention of Dr John Hope, professor of botany at Edinburgh University, who encouraged him to study medicine there. Having qualified as a surgeon, Menzies served as assistant to a doctor in Caernarvon, Wales, then joined the Royal Navy as as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1846 In Science
The year 1846 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy * February 20 – Francesco de Vico discovers comet 122P/de Vico. * June 1 – Urbain Le Verrier predicts the existence and location of Neptune from irregularities in the orbit of Uranus. * August 8 – Neptune observed but not recognised by James Challis. * August 31 – Urbain Le Verrier publishes full details of the predicted orbit and the mass of the new planet. * September 23 – Johann Galle discovers Neptune. * October 10 – William Lassell discovers Triton, Neptune's largest moon. Biology * Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, established in Australia. Chemistry * Abraham Pineo Gesner develops a process to refine a liquid fuel, which he calls kerosene, from coal, bitumen or oil shale. Mathematics * Augustin-Louis Cauchy publishes Green's theorem. * James Clerk Maxwell's first scientific paper describes a mechanical means of drawing mathematical curves with a piece o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as Specialty (medicine), specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practitioner, general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the Discipline (academia), academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, underlying diseases, and their treatment, which is the science of medicine, and a decent Competence (human resources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Americans
Americans are the Citizenship of the United States, citizens and United States nationality law, nationals of the United States, United States of America.; ; Law of the United States, U.S. federal law does not equate nationality with Race (human categorization), race or ethnicity but rather with citizenship.* * * * * * * The U.S. has 37 American ancestries, ancestry groups with more than one million individuals. White Americans form the largest race (human classification), racial and ethnic group at 61.6% of the U.S. population, with Non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic Whites making up 57.8% of the population. Hispanic and Latino Americans form the second-largest group and are 18.7% of the American population. African Americans, Black Americans constitute the country's third-largest ancestry group and are 12.4% of the total U.S. population. Asian Americans are the country's fourth-largest group, composing 6% of the American population. The country's 3.7 million Native Americans i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Waterhouse
Benjamin Waterhouse (March 4, 1754 – October 2, 1846) was a physician, co-founder and professor of Harvard Medical School. He is most well known for being the first doctor to test the smallpox vaccine in the United States, which he carried out on his own family. Biography Early life Waterhouse was born into a Quakers, Quaker family, although he never adopted the religion as his own. His parents were Timothy Waterhouse, a chair maker who also served on the Governor's Council, and Hannah Waterhouse. Born and raised in Rhode Island, his medical career began at age 16, when he apprenticed for a doctor in his hometown. At age 21, he left the United States to study medicine in Europe at several notable institutions, such as with Dr. John Fothergill (physician), John Fothergill in London, England. He was also educated in Edinburgh at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. He matriculated on October 28, 1778, at Leiden University in The Netherlands and received at the same Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Lewis (scientist)
William Lewis Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (c. 1708 – 21 January 1781) was a British chemist and physician. He is known for his writings related to pharmacy and medicine, and for his research into metals. Life and work William Lewis, the son of John (William?) Lewis, a brewer, was born in Richmond, Surrey. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, on 17 March 1730. He was graduated B.A. in 1734, and proceeded M.A. 1737, M.B. 1741, and M.D. 1745. He practised as a physician, and in 1746 was living in Dover Street, London, but shortly afterwards moved to Kingston upon Thames. At the opening of the Radcliffe Library in 1749, Lewis delivered the oration. He died in Kingston, Surrey on 21 January 1781 and was buried in Richmond. Honours *Fellow of the Royal Society (1745) *Copley Medal (1754) "For the Many Experiments made by him on Platinum##European discovery, Platina, which tend to the discovery of the sophistication of gold:—which he would have entirely completed, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copley Medal
The Copley Medal is the most prestigious award of the Royal Society of the United Kingdom, conferred "for sustained, outstanding achievements in any field of science". The award alternates between the physical sciences or mathematics and the biological sciences. It is arguably the highest United Kingdom, British and Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth award for scientific achievement, and has often been included among the most distinguished international scientific awards. Given annually, the medal is the oldest Royal Society medal awarded and the oldest surviving scientific award in the world, having first been given in 1731 to Stephen Gray (scientist), Stephen Gray, for "his new Electrical Experiments: – as an encouragement to him for the readiness he has always shown in obliging the Society with his discoveries and improvements in this part of Natural Knowledge". The medal is made of silver-gilt and awarded with a £25,000 prize. It is awarded to "senior scientists" irres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienna General Hospital
The Vienna General Hospital (), usually abbreviated to AKH, is the general hospital in Vienna, Austria. It is also the city's university hospital, and the site of the Medical University of Vienna. It is Europe's fifth largest hospital, both by number of employees and bed capacity. History Old AKH The origins of Vienna General Hospital go back to Dr. Johann Franckh, who donated properties in 1686, after the end of the second Siege of Vienna, at the corridor Schaffernack for the establishment of a military hospital. However, since money was lacking for the establishment of the buildings, the disabled veterans were quartered, including families, in the Kontumazhof (epidemic hospital), already in existence. In 1693, Emperor Leopold I arranged the establishment of the large hospital. In 1697, the first ward was finished, into which 1,042 persons were quartered. By 1724, 1,740 persons lived there. Extension of the complex was made possible by the will of Ferdinand Baron v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech People
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and the Czech language. Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English until the early 20th century, referring to the former name of their country, Bohemia, which in turn was adapted from the late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii. During the Migration Period, West Slavic tribes settled in the area, "assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations", and formed a principality in the 9th century, which was initially part of Great Moravia, in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia, the predecessors of the modern republic. The Czech diaspora is found in notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Canada, Slovakia, Austria, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Australia, Switzerland, France, Russia, Italy, Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
