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‘Abd Al-Muṭṭalib Ibn Ghālib Ibn Musā‘ad
Abd al-Mutalib ibn Ghalib (; served three times as Emir and Grand Sharif of Mecca: First in 1827, then 1851 to 1856, and finally 1880 to 1881. His rule after replacing Muhammad ibn Awn in 1851 was characterized by pro-slavery and anti-Ottoman riots. He was pro-slavery and led riots, in this contest he struggled with Vali Kâmil Pasha's enforcement of anti-slavery law and Awn's supporters. On 15 or 17 November 1855, Awn's reappointment was announced in Jeddah; al-Muttalib rejected this, raising his supporters and allegedly requesting Beduin chiefs assist him. Awn was reinstalled on 17 April 1856, but the fighting continued until al-Muttalib was captured in May and sent to Istanbul. When he returned to power in 1880, he did not oppose English and Ottoman anti-slavery due, as suggested by William Ochsenwald, to his reliance on the central government for his competition with Vali Osman Nuri Pasha. See also *Ottoman Arabia *Sharifate of Mecca The Sharifate of Mecca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir And Grand Sharif Of Mecca
The Sharif of Mecca () was the title of the leader of the Sharifate of Mecca, traditional steward of the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The term ''sharif'' is Arabic for "noble", "highborn", and is used to describe the descendants of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. The Sharif was charged with protecting the cities and their environs and ensuring the safety of pilgrims performing the Hajj. The title is sometimes spelled Sheriff or Sherif, with the latter variant used, for example, by T. E. Lawrence in ''Seven Pillars of Wisdom''. The office of the Sharif of Mecca dates back to the late Abbasid era. Until 1200, the Sharifate was held by a member of the Hashim clan, not to be confused with the larger clan of Banu Hashim from which all Sharifs claim descent. Descendants of the Banu Hashim continued to hold the position until the 20th century on behalf of various Muslim powers including the Ayyubids and the Mamluks. In 1517, the Sharif acknowledged the supremacy of the Ottoman Cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharifate Of Mecca
The Sharifate of Mecca () or Emirate of Mecca was a state, ruled by the Sharif of Mecca. The Egyptian encyclopedist al-Qalqashandi described it as a Bedouin state, in that being similar to its neighbor and rival in the north the Sharifate of Medina. A sharif is a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali, Muhammad's grandson. In Western sources, the prince of Mecca was known as Grand Sherif, but Arabs have always used the appellation "Emir". The Sharifate existed from about 967 to 1916, when it became the Kingdom of Hejaz. From 1201, the descendants of the Sharifian patriarch Qatada ruled over Mecca, Medina and the Tihamah in unbroken succession until 1925. Originally a Zaydi Shi'ite emirate, the Hasanid Sharifs converted to the Shafi'i rite of Sunni Islam in the late Mamluk or early Ottoman period. Their Husaynid kin who traditionally ruled over Medina professed Twelver Shi'ism. Both the Hasanid sharifs in Mecca and Husaynid sharifs in Medina converted to Sunnism in the Maml ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharifs Of Mecca
The Sharif of Mecca () was the title of the leader of the Sharifate of Mecca, traditional steward of the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The term ''sharif'' is Arabic for "noble", "highborn", and is used to describe the descendants of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. The Sharif was charged with protecting the cities and their environs and ensuring the safety of pilgrims performing the Hajj. The title is sometimes spelled Sheriff or Sherif, with the latter variant used, for example, by T. E. Lawrence in '' Seven Pillars of Wisdom''. The office of the Sharif of Mecca dates back to the late Abbasid era. Until 1200, the Sharifate was held by a member of the Hashim clan, not to be confused with the larger clan of Banu Hashim from which all Sharifs claim descent. Descendants of the Banu Hashim continued to hold the position until the 20th century on behalf of various Muslim powers including the Ayyubids and the Mamluks. In 1517, the Sharif acknowledged the supremacy of the Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Arab People
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems and confirm ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1886 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5– 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella '' Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde'' is published in New York and London. * January 16 – A resolution is passed in the German Parliament to condemn the Prussian deportations, the politically motivated mass expulsion of ethnic Poles and Jews from Prussia, initiated by Otto von Bismarck. * January 18 – Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. * January 29 – Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen (built in 1885). February * February 6– 9 – Seattle riot of 1886: Anti-Chinese sentiments result in riots in Seattle, Washington. * February 8 – The West End Riots following a popular meeting in Trafalgar Square, London. * F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1790 Births
Events January–March * January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City. * January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took part in the Brabant Revolution at the end of 1789, sign a Treaty of Union, creating the United States of Belgium. * January 14 – U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton submits his proposed plan for payment of American debts, starting with $12,000,000 to pay the foreign debts of the confederation, followed by $40 million for domestic debts, and $21.5 million for the war debts of the states. The plan is narrowly approved 14-12 in the Senate, and 34-28 in the House.''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p169 * January 15 – Fletcher Christian & 8 mutineers aboard the ''Bounty'' land on Pitcairn. * January 26 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Ilah Pasha
Sharif Abd al-Ilah Pasha ibn Muhammad ( ''al-Sharīf ‘Abd al-Ilāh Bāshā ibn Muḥammad''; Şerif Abdülilah Paşa bin Muhammed; 184527 October 1908) was a sharif of the Awn clan who was briefly proclaimed Sharif and Emir of Mecca in 1882. He was appointed again in 1908 but died before reaching Mecca. Biography Sharif Abd al-Ilah was born in 1261 AH (1845), the youngest son of Sharif Muhammad Ibn Awn. On 28 Shawwal 1299 AH (September 1882) Vali Osman Nuri Pasha deposed Sharif Abd al-Muttalib ibn Ghalib of the Zayd clan and unilaterally installed Abd al-Ilah as Emir. In late Dhi al-Qidah 1299 AH (October 1882) Sultan Abd al-Hamid overturned the appointment and instead appointed Abd al-Ilah's brother Awn al-Rafiq as Emir. Abd al-Ilah served as acting Emir until his brother's arrival in early Dhi al-Hijjah (October 1882). In 1883 he moved to Istanbul where on 24 Rabi al-Awwal (3 February 1883) he was awarded the rank of vezir and appointed to the Council of State. After A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Abd Al-Mu'in
Muḥammad ibn 'Abd al-Mu'īn ibn 'Awn (; 1767 – 29 March 1858), also known as Muhammad ibn Awn (), was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1827 to 1851 and 1856 to 1858. Family He was the son of Sharif 'Abdu'l Muin bin 'Aun. Emirate He was appointed to the Emirate in 1827 by Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Ottoman ruler of Egypt. He was the first Emir of Mecca from the Abdillahis – the clan descending from his 6th generation ancestor Abd Allah ibn Hasan. Death and burial He died on 13 Sha'ban 1274 AH (c. 29 March 1858) after an illness. He was buried in the qubbah (tomb-building) of Aminah bint Wahb, the mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, next to her grave. Issue He had six sons: # Abdullah # Ali (father of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca) # Husayn # Awn ar-Rafiq # Sultan # Abd al-Ilah Abd al-Ilah of Hejaz () (; also written Abdul Ilah or Abdullah; 14 November 1913 – 14 July 1958) was a cousin and brother-in-law of King Ghazi of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yahya Ibn Surur
Yahya ibn Surur ibn Musa‘id (; died ) was a sharif of the Zayd clan who served as Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1813 to 1827. Muhammad Ali Pasha appointed Yahya to replace his uncle Sharif Ghalib ibn Musa'id in late Dhi al-Qi'dah 1228 AH (November 1813). The imperial ''firman A firman (; ), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state. During various periods such firmans were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The English word ''firman'' co ...'' (proclamation) and '' khil'ah'' (robe of honor) were sent from Istanbul, dated Rabi al-Awwal 1229 AH (February/March 1814). He was deposed by Muhammad Ali in Dhi al-Qi'dah 1242 AH (May/June 1827). He settled in Cairo with his family and died in 1254 AH (1838/1839). Notes References * * {{S-end 1830s deaths Year of birth missing 19th-century Arab people Sharifs of Mecca Dhawu Zayd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qatada Ibn Idris
Abu Aziz Qatada ibn Idris al-Hasani al-Alawi al-Yanbu'i al-Makki (; d. 1220/1221) was the Sharif of Mecca, reigning from 1201 to 1220/1221. He also founded the Banu Qatadah dynasty and established a tradition of sharifs descended from him to rule Mecca which lasted until the office was abolished in 1925.Salibi, 1998, p.55. Regarding his sectarian denomination, Qatadah ibn Idris was a Zaidi Shi'ite. Early life Qatada's date of birth is not recorded, but based on differing reports of his age at death he was born circa either the early 1130s or the early 1150s. He claimed to be a sharif — apparently a descendant of Muhammad's grandson Hasan ibn Ali, in the fifteenth degree. His claimed genealogy is: Qatada ibn Idris ibn Muta'in ibn Abd al-Karim ibn Isa ibn Husayn ibn Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn ibn ibn ibn ibn Abd Allah al-Mahd ibn al-Hasan al-Muthanna ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali. Ibn Khaldun writes that the Banu Hasan ibn Hasan (descendants of Hasan ibn Hasan ibn Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Arabia
The Ottoman era in the history of Arabia lasted from 1517 to 1918. The Ottoman degree of control over these lands varied over these four centuries, with the fluctuating strength or weakness of the Empire's central authority. History Early period In the 16th century, the Ottomans added the Red Sea and Persian Gulf coast (the Hejaz, Asir and al-Hasa) to the Empire and claimed suzerainty over the interior. The main reason was to thwart Portuguese attempts to attack the Red Sea (hence the Hejaz) and the Indian Ocean. As early as 1578, the Sharifs of Mecca launched forays into the desert to punish the Najdi tribes who mounted raids on oases and tribes in the Hejaz. The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the Al Saud, began in Nejd in central Arabia in 1744, when Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab who was from the Hanbali school of thought. This alliance formed in the 18th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Awn
Muḥammad ibn 'Abd al-Mu'īn ibn 'Awn (; 1767 – 29 March 1858), also known as Muhammad ibn Awn (), was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1827 to 1851 and 1856 to 1858. Family He was the son of Sharif 'Abdu'l Muin bin 'Aun. Emirate He was appointed to the Emirate in 1827 by Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Ottoman ruler of Egypt. He was the first Emir of Mecca from the Abdillahis – the clan descending from his 6th generation ancestor Abd Allah ibn Hasan. Death and burial He died on 13 Sha'ban 1274 AH (c. 29 March 1858) after an illness. He was buried in the qubbah (tomb-building) of Aminah bint Wahb, the mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, next to her grave. Issue He had six sons: # Abdullah # Ali (father of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca) # Husayn # Awn ar-Rafiq # Sultan # Abd al-Ilah Abd al-Ilah of Hejaz () (; also written Abdul Ilah or Abdullah; 14 November 1913 – 14 July 1958) was a cousin and brother-in-law of King Ghazi of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
