|
Hill Mari Language
Hill Mari or Western Mari (, ''kyryk mary'') is a Uralic language closely related to Northwestern Mari and Meadow Mari, in which Hill Mari forms a Western Mari group with the former. Hill Mari is spoken in the Gornomariysky, Yurinsky and Kilemarsky districts of Mari El, Russia. It is written using the Hill Mari Cyrillic script and is co-official with Russian as well as Meadow Mari in the Mari El Republic. Alphabet See also *Hill Mari people The Hill Mari or Mountain Mari () are a subgroup of the Mari people, a Volga Finnic ethnic group of Russia. They are concentrated in Gornomariysky District of the Mari El republic. History The tribes of the Pozdnegorodetskaya culture are be ... * Valeri Alikov Bibliography Nadezhda Krasnova, Tatiana Yefremova, Timothy Riese, Jeremy Bradley. Reading Hill Mari through Meadow Mari. Vienna, 2017. * Юадаров К. Г. Горномарийский язык: (учебное пособие для учителей родно� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schwa (Cyrillic)
Schwa (Ә ә; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, derived from the Latin letter schwa. It is currently used in Abkhaz, Bashkir, Dungan, Itelmen, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Khanty, Kurdish, Uyghur and Tatar. It was also used in Azeri (still used by Azeri speakers in Dagestan), Karakalpak, and Turkmen before those languages switched to the Latin alphabet. The Azeri and some other Latin-derived alphabets contain a letter of identical appearance ( Ə/ə). Usage In many Turkic languages such as Azeri, Bashkir, Kazakh, Uyghur and Tatar, as well as the Kalmyk and Khinalug languages, it represents the near-open front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in "cat". It is often transliterated as . Dungan In Dungan, it represents the close-mid back unrounded vowel . Kurdish In Kurdish, it represents the sound . Abkhaz In Abkhaz, it is a modifier letter, which represents labialization of the preceding consonant . Digraphs with are treated as letters and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great, probably by the disciples of the two Byzantine brothers Cyril and Methodius, who had previously created the Gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near-open Front Unrounded Vowel
The near-open front unrounded vowel, or near-low front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a lowercase of the ligature. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "ash". The rounded counterpart of , the near-open front rounded vowel (for which the IPA provides no separate symbol) has been reported to occur allophonically in Danish; see open front rounded vowel for more information. In practice, is sometimes used to represent the open front unrounded vowel; see the introduction to that page for more information. In IPA transcriptions of Hungarian and Valencian Valencian can refer to: * Something related to the Valencian Community ( Valencian Country) in Spain * Something related to the city of Valencia * Something related to the province of Valencia in Spain * Something related to the old Kingdom of ..., this vowel is typically written with . Features Occur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha
Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter ''aleph'' , whose name comes from the West Semitic word for ' ox'. Letters that arose from alpha include the Latin letter and the Cyrillic letter . Uses Greek In Ancient Greek, alpha was pronounced and could be either phonemically long ( ː or short ( . Where there is ambiguity, long and short alpha are sometimes written with a macron and breve today: . * = ' "a time" * = ' "tongue" In Modern Greek, vowel length has been lost, and all instances of alpha simply represent the open front unrounded vowel . In the polytonic orthography of Greek, alpha, like other vowel letters, can occur with several diacritic marks: any of three accent symbols (), and either of two breathing marks (), as well as combinations of these. It can also combine with the iota subscript (). Greek grammar In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Æ (Cyrillic)
Æ (lowercase: æ) is a character formed from the letters '' a'' and '' e'', originally a ligature representing the Latin diphthong ''ae''. It has been promoted to the status of a letter in some languages, including Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese. It was also used in both Old Swedish, before being replaced by ä, and Old English, where it was eventually dropped entirely in favour of a. The modern International Phonetic Alphabet uses it to represent the near-open front unrounded vowel (the sound represented by the 'a' in English words like ''cat''). Diacritic variants include Ǣ/ǣ, Ǽ/ǽ, Æ̀/æ̀, Æ̂/æ̂ and Æ̃/æ̃. As a letter of the Old English Latin alphabet, it was called , "ash tree", after the Anglo-Saxon futhorc rune ᚫ which it transliterated; its traditional name in English is still ash, or æsh () if the ligature is included. Languages English In English, use of the ligature varies between different places and contexts, but it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A (Cyrillic)
А (А а; italics: ''А а'') is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents an open central unrounded vowel , halfway between the pronunciation of in "cat" and "father". The Cyrillic letter А is Romanization, romanized using the A, Latin letter A. History The Cyrillic letter А was derived directly from the Alpha (letter), Greek letter Alpha (). In the Early Cyrillic alphabet its name was (azǔ), meaning the personal pronoun "I". In the Cyrillic numerals, Cyrillic numeral system, the Cyrillic letter А has a value of 1. Form Throughout history, the Cyrillic letter А has had various shapes, but today is standardized on one that Homoglyph, looks exactly like the Latin letter A, including the Italic type, italic and lower case forms. Usage In most languages that use the Cyrillic alphabet – such as Bulgarian language, Bulgarian, Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, Belarusian language, Belarusian, Russian language, Russian, Rusyn language, Rusyn, Serbian languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Slavic Languages
The South Slavic languages are one of three branches of the Slavic languages. There are approximately 30 million speakers, mainly in the Balkans. These are separated geographically from speakers of the other two Slavic branches (West Slavic languages, West and East Slavic languages, East) by a belt of German language, German, Hungarian language, Hungarian and Romanian language, Romanian speakers. History The first South Slavic language to be written (also the first attested Slavic language) was the variety of the Eastern South Slavic spoken in Thessaloniki, now called Old Church Slavonic, in the ninth century. It is retained as a liturgical language in Slavic Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox churches in the form of various local Church Slavonic language, Church Slavonic traditions. Classification The South Slavic languages constitute a Dialect continuum#South Slavic continuum, dialect continuum. Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin constitute a single dialect wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near-open Central Vowel
The near-open central vowel, or near-low central vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a rotated lowercase double-story a. In English this vowel is most typically transcribed with the symbol , i.e. as if it were open-mid back. That pronunciation is still found in some dialects, but many speakers use a central vowel like or . To avoid the trap–strut merger, Standard Southern British English is moving away from the quality towards found in RP spoken in the first half of the 20th century (e.g. in Daniel Jones's speech). Much like , is a versatile symbol that is not defined for roundedness and that can be used for vowels that are near-open central, near-open near-front, near-open near-back, open-mid central, open central or an (often unstressed) vowel with variable height, backness and/or roundedness that is produced in that general area. For open central unrounded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Back Unrounded Vowel
The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some Speech, spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is A. The letter is called ''script a'' because it lacks the extra hook on top of a printed letter ''a'', which corresponds to a different vowel, the open front unrounded vowel. ''Script a'', which has a full length linear stroke on its right, should not be confused with ''turned script a'', , which has the linear stroke on its left and corresponds to a roundedness, rounded version of this vowel, the open back rounded vowel. In some languages (such as Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani, Estonian language, Estonian, Luxembourgish language, Luxembourgish and Toda language, Toda) there is the near-open back unrounded vowel (a sound between cardinal and ), which can be transcribed in IPA with or . Features Occurrence See also * Index ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Language
Bulgarian (; , ) is an Eastern South Slavic, Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians. Along with the closely related Macedonian language (collectively forming the East South Slavic languages), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic languages, South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family. The two languages have several characteristics that set them apart from all other Slavic languages, including the elimination of grammatical case, case declension, the development of a suffixed definite article, and the lack of a verb infinitive. They retain and have further developed the Proto-Slavic language, Proto-Slavic verb system (albeit analytically). One such major development is the innovation of evidentiality, evidential verb forms to encode for the source of information: witnessed, inferred, or reported. It is the official Languages of Bulgaria, language of Bulgar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Language
Serbian (, ) is the standard language, standardized Variety (linguistics)#Standard varieties, variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. Standard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija–Vojvodina dialect, Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovinian dialect, Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of Croatian language, standard Croatian, Bosnian language, Bosnian, and Montenegrin language, Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian dialect, Torlakian in south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
