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Ä°zzet Pasha Cabinet
The Ä°zzet Pasha cabinet was headed by List of Ottoman grand viziers, Grand Vizier Ahmed Izzet Pasha, Ahmet Ä°zzet Pasha. It was formed on October 14, 1918 after Talaat Pasha's resignation. It was mostly composed of members of the anti-war faction of the Committee of Union and Progress, Union and Progress Party. The most important accomplishment of the government was when Naval Minister Rauf Orbay signed the Armistice of Mudros on October 30, ending Ottoman Empire in World War I, World War I for the Ottoman Empire. The government did not last long, and Ä°zzet Pasha resigned just before the occupation of Istanbul. References {{Reflist Committee of Union and Progress 1918 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1918 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Ä°zzet Pasha
Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1864 – 31 March 1937 Ottoman Turkish: اØمد عزت پاشا), known as Ahmet Ä°zzet Furgaç after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934, was a Turkish-Albanian soldier and statesman. He was a general during World War I and also one of the last Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire (14 October 1918 – 8 November 1918) and its last Minister of Foreign Affairs. Early life Ahmed Izzet was born in Nasliç (Neapoli), Manastir Vilayet, into an Albanian family.W.E.D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields, A History of Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828-1921, 376, n 1. His father, Haydar Bey, was a prominent civil servant of the area and a former governor. He graduated from Kuleli Military High School in 1881, the Harbiye School in 1884, and the General Staff School the following year. From 1887 to 1890 he was educated in strategy and military geography in the Ottoman Military College,Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı, ''Harp Akademilerinin 120 Yı ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of War (Ottoman Empire)
The Ministry of War (; , often shortened to Harbiye) was responsible for war affairs in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman land forces were subordinate to this ministry. Within the ministry there were offices for procurement, combat arms, peacetime military affairs, mobilization, and for promotions. After the Auspicious Incident in 1826, a modern War Ministry was established within the Serasker's department. The Ministry of War was established in 1908 after the Young Turk Revolution. The Ministry of War was responsible for carrying out the administrative acts of the army. The command mechanism, management and administration of the army were managed by the General Staff, under the Ministry of War. The Minister of War had to have the rank of pasha. The management of the Naval Forces was under the Ministry of Naval Affairs, which was established separately from the Ministry of War. After the start of the Turkish War of Independence, this ministry was replaced by the Ministry of Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Evkaf
The Ministry of Evkaf (; ) was an Ottoman Empire ministry in charge of awqaf (evkaf), administering waqf A (; , plural ), also called a (, plural or ), or ''mortmain'' property, is an Alienation (property law), inalienable charitable financial endowment, endowment under Sharia, Islamic law. It typically involves donating a building, plot ...s (then known in Western languages as "vakouf", from the Turkish name). It was upgraded to a ministry in 1840 after being initially created in the century as the Bureau of Imperial Administration of Evkaf (). References Evkaf {{Turkey-poli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Cavid
Mehmet Cavit Bey, Mehmed Cavid Bey or Mehmed Djavid Bey (; 1875 – 26 August 1926) was a Dönme–Ottoman economist, newspaper editor and leading liberal politician during the dissolution period of the Ottoman Empire. As a Young Turk and a member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) he had positions in government after the constitution was re-established. In the beginning of the Republican period, he was controversially tried and executed for his alleged involvement in an assassination attempt against Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Early years and career Mehmed Cavit was born in Salonica in 1875. His father was Recep Naim Efendi, a merchant, and his mother was Pakize; they were cousins. He had two brothers and two sisters. His family had links to followers of Sabbatai Zevi, and he was a Dönme, making him a crypto-Jew. He learned Greek and French, attending the progressive Şemsi Efendi School, the same school as Mustafa Kemal Pasha attended. He attended the Mekteb-i Mülkiy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Finance (Ottoman Empire)
The Ministry of Finance (; ) was a ministry of the Ottoman Empire. It became the late 19th century incarnation of the Defterdar (Grand Treasurer). Establishment An aborted attempt to establish a Ministry of Finance came about in early 1838 under Sultan Mahmud II, but it was dissolved the next year during Hüsrev Pasha's brief period of dominance following the accession of Abdul Mecid to the throne, as he was hoping to grant the army financial independence. The Ministry of Finance was restored on 20 June 1839 soon after Mustafa Reşid Pasha's Gülhane proclamation, which combined the military and imperial treasuries. Organization Upon its creation, it originally had two undersecretaries for the treasuries assigned to the ministry. After the Crimean War, Fuad Pasha introduced a Account Council (''Divan-ı Muhasabat''). In the 1860s and 70s, the council split into the Financial Council (''Meclis-i Maliye'') to prepare budgets, taxes, and tax collection, and the Financial Acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Fethi Okyar
Ali Fethi Okyar (29 April 1880 – 7 May 1943) was a Turkish diplomat and politician, who also served as a military officer and diplomat during the last decade of the Ottoman Empire. He was also the second Prime Minister of Turkey (1924–1925) and the second Speaker of the Turkish Parliament after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Early life Ali Fethi (Okyar after 1934) was born in the Ottoman town of Prilep in Manastir Vilayet (present-day North Macedonia) to an Albanian family. His father was İsmail Hakkı Bey, a civil servant in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs who died when Ali Fethi was young. His uncle Müderris İbrahim Ethem Efendi, who was the Governor of Manastır at the time, helped to complete his education. He attended the Monastir Military High School, where he was a friend of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), helping him with French and introducing him to French political thought. Politics began to interest him during this period, as he began reading Namık Kemal's works. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of The Interior (Ottoman Empire)
The Ministry of the Interior (; ) was from 1860 the interior ministry of the Ottoman Empire, based in Constantinople (now Istanbul). History Previously the Grand Vizier, upon the counsel of his advisor, managed the internal affairs of the state, but in 1860 a western-style ministry of the interior was established as part of a reform of the empire's administration. In 1839 an interior ministry detached from the Lieutenant of the Grand Vizier, or the ''sadaret kethüdası'' but was consolidated back into the Grand Vezierate's office two years later. Interior matters were handled by the undersecretary 'sadaret müsteşarı'' After Fuad Pasha's death, Âli Pasha separated the offices again on 18 February, 1869. Functions The Ministry of the Interior held the responsibility for central administration of all internal matters of the empire. It received communiques and proposals from the provinces, from which some would be sent to legislative organs or the sultan. New laws which came ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reshid Akif Pasha
Reshid Akif Pasha (, ; 1863 – 15 April 1920), was an Ottoman statesman of Albanian descent during the last decades of the Ottoman Empire. Throughout his career as a politician, Reshid Akif Paşa served as governor, minister of the interior, and in the Council of State. He is also noted for providing important testimony in the aftermath of the Armenian genocide. Life and career Reshid Akif was born in Ioannina, today's Greece, in 1863 and was of Albanian ethnicity. He was the son of Mehmet Ali Pasha, an Ottoman statesman and governor. Akif then moved to Constantinople (now Istanbul) to study at Galatasaray High School. He became a politician and the governor of Sivas in 1901. He served as governor until 1908. He eventually moved to Istanbul where he was appointed as minister of the interior on 6 August 1909 for a few months, but resigned on health grounds; in the same year he became a member of the Senate of the Ottoman Empire. After Talat Pasha's resignation in 1918, Reşid A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Justice (Ottoman Empire)
The Ministry of Justice (; ) was the justice ministry of the Ottoman Empire, based in Constantinople (now Istanbul). It also served as the Ministry of Religions. "Il est remarqué que les autorites ecclesiastiques des Communautes non-musulmanes dependent du Ministere de la justice, qui est aussi le Ministere des Cultes." It was established in 1879 as part of a reorganisation of the empire's legal system. Non-Muslim ecclesiastical authorities relied on the ministry. The ministry took control of the commercial courts and commercial appeal courts from the Ministry of Commerce. Organization By 1900, the Ministry of Justice included the following high courts: * Supreme Judicial Council (''Encümen-i Adliye'') * Court of Cassation (''Mahkeme-i Temyiz''), with civil, criminal, and administrative sections. * Appeals Court (''Mahkeme-i Istinaf''), with criminal, civil, correctional, and commercial justice sections. ** Court for the First Instance for Istanbul (''Der Saadet Bidayet Mahk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
