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Ä°mam Hatip School
In Turkey, an İmam Hatip school (, 'hatip' coming from Arabic '' khatib'') is a secondary education institution. As the name suggests, they were founded in lieu of a vocational school to train government employed imams; after madrasas in Turkey were abolished by the Unification of Education Act (). History During the Ottoman Empire, a key objective of education was to raise 'good Muslims'. Thus there was a need for Islamic scholars, which was sustained through Islamic Theology Schools, called Madrasa.The study of the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (tr: ''Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakfı'' called İmam Hatip Liseleri: Efsaneler ve Gerçekler (Imam Hatip Schools: Legend and Reality) was published in October 2004. The 268-page document has an English summary (pages 39-53) and can bdownloaded as PDF-file accessed on 7 November 2012 In 1913, the ''Medresetü-l Eimmeti vel Hutaba'' (School of ministers and preachers, ) and ''Medresetü-l Vaazin'' (Schools ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artvin
Artvin (Laz language, Laz and ; ; ) is a List of cities in Turkey, city in northeastern Turkey about inland from the Black Sea. It is the seat of Artvin Province and Artvin District.İl Belediyesi Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023. Its population is 25,841 (2021). It is located on a hill overlooking the Çoruh, Çoruh River near the Deriner Dam. It is a former bishopric and (vacant) Armenian Catholic titular see and the home of Artvin Çoruh University. History Artifacts dating back to the Bronze Age and even earlier have been found. The area was part of the kingdom of Colchis and part of the Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Greater Armenia but was always vulnerable to invasions, first the Scythians from across the Caucasus, then the M ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul University
Istanbul University, also known as University of Istanbul (), is a Public university, public research university located in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded by Mehmed II on May 30, 1453, a day after Fall of Constantinople, the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks, it was reformed as the first Education in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman higher education institution influenced by Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, European approaches. The successor institution, which has been operating under its current name since 1933, is the first university in modern Turkey. The university has 58,809 undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students studying in 112 academic units, including faculties, institutes, colleges, and vocational schools at 9 campuses. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square in Fatih, the capital district of the province, on the European side of the city. :Istanbul University alumni, Istanbul University alumni include Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Aziz Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice Of America
Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international broadcasting network funded by the federal government of the United States that by law has editorial independence from the government. It is the largest and oldest of the American international broadcasters, producing digital, TV, and radio content in 48 languages for affiliate stations around the world.* * by * Its targeted and primary audience is non-Americans outside the American borders, especially those living in countries without press freedom or independent journalism. VOA was established in 1942, during World War II. Building on American use of shortwave radio during the war, it initially served as an anti-propaganda tool against Axis misinformation but expanded to include other forms of content like American music programs for cultural diplomacy. During the Cold War, its operations expanded in an effort to fight communism and played a role in the decline of communism in several countries. Throughout its operation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Economist
''The Economist'' is a British newspaper published weekly in printed magazine format and daily on Electronic publishing, digital platforms. It publishes stories on topics that include economics, business, geopolitics, technology and culture. Mostly written and edited in London, it has other editorial offices in the United States and in major cities in continental Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The newspaper has a prominent focus on data journalism and interpretive analysis over News media, original reporting, to both criticism and acclaim. Founded in 1843, ''The Economist'' was first circulated by Scottish economist James Wilson (businessman), James Wilson to muster support for abolishing the British Corn Laws (1815–1846), a system of import tariffs. Over time, the newspaper's coverage expanded further into political economy and eventually began running articles on current events, finance, commerce, and British politics. Throughout the mid-to-late 20th century, it greatl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice And Development Party (Turkey)
The Justice and Development Party ( , AK PARTÄ°), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a List of political parties in Turkey, political party in Turkey self-describing as Conservative democracy, conservative-democratic. It has been the ruling party of Turkey since 2002. Third-party sources often refer to the party as National conservatism, national conservative, Social conservatism, social conservative, Right-wing populism, right-wing populist and as espousing neo-Ottomanism. The party is generally regarded as being right-wing politics, right-wing on the political spectrum, although some sources have described it as Far-right politics, far-right since 2011. It is currently the largest party in Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly with 273 MPs, ahead of the main opposition Social democracy, social democratic Republican People's Party (CHP). Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan has been chairman of the AK Party since the 3rd Justice and Development Party Extraor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Herald Tribune
The ''International Herald Tribune'' (''IHT'') was a daily English-language newspaper published in Paris, France, for international English-speaking readers. It published under the name ''International Herald Tribune'' starting in 1967, but its origins as an international newspaper trace back to 1887. Sold in over 160 countries, the ''International Herald Tribune'' produced a large amount of content until it became the second incarnation of ''The International New York Times'' in 2013, 10 years after The New York Times Company became its sole owner. Early years In 1887, James Gordon Bennett Jr. created a Paris edition of his newspaper the '' New York Herald'' with offices at 49, avenue de l'Opéra. He called it the ''Paris Herald''. When Bennett Jr. died, the Herald and its Paris edition came under the control of Frank Munsey. In 1924, Munsey sold the paper to the family of Ogden Reid, owners of the '' New-York Tribune'', creating the '' New York Herald Tribune'', while t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beykoz
Beykoz () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 310 km2, and its population is 247,875 (2022). It lies at the northern end of the Bosphorus on the Anatolian side. The name is believed to be a combination of the words bey and ''kos'', which means "village" in Farsi. Beykoz includes an area from the streams of Küçüksu and Göksu (just before Anadoluhisarı) to the opening of the Bosphorus into the Black Sea, and the villages in the hinterland as far as the Riva, Istanbul, Riva creek. Before the Turkish alphabet reform of 1928, it was sometimes Latinized variously as ''Beicos'' or ''Beikos''. History The mouth of the Bosphorus in ancient times was used as a place of sacrifice, specifically to petition the Twelve Olympians, including Zeus and Poseidon, for a safe journey across the Black Sea, without which no one would venture into those stormy waters. The first people to settle the upper Bosphorus were Thrac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunceli
Tunceli (, , ) is a municipality (belde) in Tunceli District and capital of Tunceli Province, Turkey. The city has a Zaza majority. It had a population of 35,161 in 2021. Name During Ottoman times, the settlement was called ''Kalan'' or ''Mameki''. Tunceli, which is a modern name, literally means "bronze fist" in Turkish (''tunç'' meaning "bronze" and ''eli'', in this context, meaning "fist"). It shares the name with the military operation under which the Dersim massacre was conducted. The province of Dersim (or Dêrsim) was renamed Tunceli in 1935, as was the settlement of Kalan, which became the province's administrative center in 1938. Dersim is popularly understood to be composed of the Kurdish/Zazaki words ''der'' ("door") and ''sim'' ("silver"), thus meaning "silver door." Whether the town should be called Dersim or Tunceli has been a cause of political quarrels. In May 2019, the local authorities decided to call it Dersim, while the governor said it was against the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 Turkish Coup D'état
The 1980 Turkish coup d'état (), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren, was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic of Turkey, the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 coup by memorandum. During the Cold War era, Turkey saw political violence (1976–1980) between the far-left, the far-right ( Grey Wolves), the Islamist militant groups, and the state. The violence saw a sharp downturn for a period after the coup, which was welcomed by some for restoring order by quickly executing 50 people and arresting 500,000, of which hundreds would die in prison. For the next three years the Turkish Armed Forces ruled the country through the National Security Council, before democracy was restored with the 1983 Turkish general election.Amnesty International, ''Turkey: Human Rights Denied'', London, November 1988, AI Index: EUR/44/65/88, , pg. 1. This period saw an intensification of the Turkish nationalism of the state, including banni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Salvation Party
The National Salvation Party (, MSP) was an Islamist political party in Turkey, founded on 11 October 1972 as the successor of the banned National Order Party (''Millî Nizam Partisi'', MNP). The party was formed by a core group of working cadres of the now banned MNP, with Süleyman Arif Emre serving as the registered founding chairman. Given the banning of the MNP by the staunchly secular state, only 19 individuals were ready to form the party. Necmettin Erbakan, who took part in the formation of the party, officially joined the party in May 1973, taking over the reins of the party in October 1973. The party grew more popular and in 1973 elections it gained 11.8% of votes, gaining 48 seats in the Turkish Grand National Assembly. In the 1977 elections, it gained 8.56% of votes and won 24 seats. In 1974 it formed the coalition government with the secularist Republican People's Party The Republican People's Party (RPP; , CHP ) is a Kemalism, Kemalist and Social democrac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971 Turkish Military Memorandum
The 1971 Turkish military memorandum (), issued on 12 March that year, was the second military intervention to take place in the Republic of Turkey, coming 11 years after its 1960 predecessor. It is known as the "coup by memorandum", which the military delivered in lieu of sending out tanks, as it had done previously. The event came amid worsening domestic strife, but ultimately did little to halt this phenomenon. Background As the 1960s wore on, violence and instability plagued Turkey. An economic recession late in that decade sparked a wave of social unrest marked by street demonstrations, labour strikes and political assassinations.Cleveland, William L. ''A history of the modern Middle East''. Westview Press (2004), , p.283 Left-wing workers' and students' movements were formed, countered on the right by Islamist and militant Turkish nationalist groups.Nohlen, Dieter, et al. (2001) ''Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook''. Oxford University Press, , p.235 The le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Süleyman Demirel
Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel (; 1 November 1924 – 17 June 2015) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, engineer, and statesman who served as the List of Presidents of Turkey, 9th President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000. He previously served as the Prime Minister of Turkey seven times between the years 1965 and 1993. He was the leader of the Justice Party (Turkey), Justice Party (AP) from 1964 to 1980 and the leader of the True Path Party (DYP) from 1987 to 1993. Having been identified as a potential future prime minister by Adnan Menderes, Demirel was elected leader of the Justice Party in 1964 and managed to bring down the government of İsmet İnönü in 1965 despite not being a Member of Parliament. He supported the government of Suat Hayri Ürgüplü until his party won a parliamentary majority in 1965 Turkish general election, 1965. He became the first prime minister born in the Republic of Turkey. Claiming that his Justice Party was the successor of the banned Democr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
