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ﾃ四e-de-France Tramway Line 5
ﾃ四e-de-France tramway Line 5 (usually called simply T5) is part of the modern Tramways in ﾃ四e-de-France, tram network of the ﾃ四e-de-France region of France. Line T5 connects Garges窶鉄arcelles station and the centre of Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis (''Marchﾃｩ de Saint-Denis'') and , in the northern suburbs of Paris. Line T5 was ﾃ四e-de-France's first Rubber-tyred trams, rubber-tyred tramway line. The line has a length of and 16 stations. It opened to the public on 29 July 2013. First envisioned during the 1990s as a means of providing better public transportation through Paris's northern suburbs, particularly the expanding districts of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine and Lochﾃｨres in Sarcelles, actual planning activity for the line started during 1999. During February 2005, the defined Line 5 project was publicly announced by the ﾃ四e-de-France Mobilitﾃｩs, Syndicat des Transports (STIF). Transit operator RATP Group, RATP was appointed as the principal contractor for perf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ﾃ四e-de-France Mobilitﾃｩs
ﾃ四e-de-France Mobilitﾃｩs (IDFM) is the governmental authority ( EPA) that controls and coordinates the different companies operating the Paris-area public transport network and the rest of the ﾃ四e-de-France region. In this capacity, it issues operating contracts for the various services, owns the buses and rolling stock used on those services, and acts as the main financing body for transport projects in the region. It coordinates the operation of RATP Group, SNCF, and the nearly 90 Optile-affiliated bus companies. The origins of the organization can be traced back to the ''Syndicat des Transports Parisiens'' (STP), which was created by the French Government in 1959 to coordinate the various operations in the Paris region. The STP also provided oversight for the construction of the Rﾃｩseau Express Rﾃｩgional and established the unified Carte orange fare payment system. In 1991, the STP was empowered to cover the entire ﾃ四e-de-France region. The STP was reorganized into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montmagny, Val-d'Oise
Montmagny () is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in ﾃ四e-de-France in northern France. Transport The north of Montmagny is served by the Deuil - Montmagny station and the south by the ﾃ英inay窶天illetaneuse station, both on the Transilien Paris-Nord suburban rail network. Population See also *Communes of the Val-d'Oise department The following is a list of the 183 Communes of France, communes of the Val-d'Oise Departments of France, department of France. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 2025): References External links Official website * Association of Mayors of the Val d'Oise [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tramways In Paris
Tramway may refer to: * Tramway (industrial), a lightly laid railway for uses such as logging or mining * A tram transport system (public transport vehicles running on rails) ** The tracks which trams run on (also a section of reserved track for trams) * Aerial tramway * Tramway, North Carolina, locality in the United States *Tramway (arts centre) Tramway is a contemporary visual and performing arts venue located in the Scottish city of Glasgow. Based in a former tram depot in the Pollokshields area of the South Side, it consists of two performance spaces and two galleries, as well as o ..., for visual and performing arts in Glasgow, Scotland * ''Tramway'' (film), a short film by Polish director Krzysztof Kieﾅ嬪owski {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubber-tyred Tram
A rubber-tyred tram (also known as tramway on tyres, ) is a development of the guided bus in which a vehicle is guided by a fixed rail in the road surface and draws current from overhead electric wires (either via pantograph or trolley poles). Two incompatible systems using physical guide rails exist: the guided light transit (GLT) designed by Bombardier Transportation, and the translohr from Lohr Industrie (currently made by Alstom and FSI). There are no guide bars at the sides but there is a central guidance rail that differs in design between the systems. In the case of Translohr, this rail is grasped by a pair of metal guide wheels set at 45ﾂｰ to the road and at 90ﾂｰ to each other. In the GLT system, a single double-flanged wheel between the rubber tires follows the guidance rail. In both cases, the weight of the vehicle is borne by rubber tires to which the guide wheels are attached, which make contact with the road on concrete roll ways designed to minimise impa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tire
A tire (North American English) or tyre (Commonwealth English) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a Rim (wheel), wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide Traction (engineering), traction on the surface over which the wheel travels. Most tires, such as those for automobiles and bicycles, are pneumatically inflated structures, providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock as the tire rolls over rough features on the surface. Tires provide a footprint, called a contact patch, designed to match the vehicle's weight and the bearing on the surface that it rolls over by exerting a pressure that will avoid deforming the surface. The materials of modern pneumatic tires are synthetic rubber, natural rubber, fabric, and wire, along with carbon black and other chemical compounds. They consist of a tire tread, tread and a body. The tread provides Traction (engineering), traction while the body provides containment for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alstom
Alstom SA () is a French multinational rolling stock manufacturer which operates worldwide in rail transport markets. It is active in the fields of passenger transportation, signaling, and locomotives, producing high-speed, suburban, regional and urban trains along with trams. The company and its name (originally spelled Alsthom) was formed by a merger between the electric engineering division of Sociﾃｩtﾃｩ Alsacienne de Constructions Mﾃｩcaniques (Als) and Compagnie Franﾃｧaise Thomson-Houston (thom) in 1928. Significant acquisitions later included the Constructions ﾃ瑛ectriques de France (1932), shipbuilder Chantiers de l'Atlantique (1976), and parts of ACEC (late 1980s). A merger with parts of the British General Electric Company formed GEC Alsthom in 1989. Throughout the 1990s, the company expanded its holdings in the rail sector, acquiring German rolling stock manufacturer Linke-Hofmann-Busch and Italian rail signaling specialist Sasib Railways. In 1998, GEC Alsthom was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-lock Braking System
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a Automotive safety, safety anti-Skid (automobile), skid Brake, braking system used on aircraft and on land motor vehicle, vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining Traction (mechanics), tractive contact with the road surface and allowing the driver to maintain more control over the vehicle. ABS is an automated system that uses the principles of threshold braking and cadence braking, techniques which were once practiced by skillful drivers before ABS was widespread. ABS operates at a much faster rate and more effectively than most drivers could manage. Although ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and some slippery surfaces, on loose gravel or snow-covered surfaces ABS may significantly increase braking distance, while still improving steering control. Since ABS was introduced in production v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stakeholder (corporate)
In a corporation, a stakeholder is a member of "groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist", as defined in the first usage of the word in a 1963 internal memorandum at the Stanford Research Institute. The theory was later developed and championed by R. Edward Freeman in the 1980s. Since then it has gained wide acceptance in business practice and in theorizing relating to strategic management, corporate governance, business purpose and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The definition of corporate responsibilities through a classification of stakeholders to consider has been criticized as creating a false dichotomy between the "shareholder model" and the "stakeholder model", or a false analogy of the obligations towards shareholders and other interested parties. Types Any action taken by any organization or any group might affect those people who are linked with them in the private sector. For examples these are parents, children, customers, owners ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubber-tyred Tramway
A rubber-tyred tram (also known as tramway on tyres, ) is a development of the guided bus in which a vehicle is guided by a fixed rail in the road surface and draws current from overhead electric wires (either via pantograph or trolley poles). Two incompatible systems using physical guide rails exist: the guided light transit (GLT) designed by Bombardier Transportation, and the translohr from Lohr Industrie (currently made by Alstom and FSI). There are no guide bars at the sides but there is a central guidance rail that differs in design between the systems. In the case of Translohr, this rail is grasped by a pair of metal guide wheels set at 45ﾂｰ to the road and at 90ﾂｰ to each other. In the GLT system, a single double-flanged wheel between the rubber tires follows the guidance rail. In both cases, the weight of the vehicle is borne by rubber tires to which the guide wheels are attached, which make contact with the road on concrete roll ways designed to minimise impact on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RER D
RER D is one of the five lines in the (English: Regional Express Network), a hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system serving Paris and its suburbs. The line crosses the region from north to south, with all trains serving a group of stations in central Paris, before branching out towards the ends of the line. The line connects Creil in the north to Melun and Malesherbes in the south, passing through the heart of Paris. Line D also links Gare du Nord with Gare de Lyon via Chﾃ｢telet-Les Halles. Opened in stages from 1987 to 1996, it is the longest RER line by distance, and the busiest SNCF line in France, carrying up to 615,000 passengers and operating 466 trains each working day. Almost all of the line is located in the ﾃ四e-de-France region, that is, within the jurisdiction of the ﾃ四e-de-France Mobilitﾃｩs, but some of the branch lines at the north and south of the line are outside the region. Chronology * 27 September 1987: Inauguration of Line D. Operated Villiers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rﾃｩseau Express Rﾃｩgional
The (; ), commonly abbreviated RER (), is a hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system serving Paris and its suburbs. It acts as a combined city-center underground rail system and suburbs-to-city-center commuter rail, similar to the Elizabeth line in London, S-Bahn in German-speaking countries and the S Lines in Milan. Conceived of as a ('express metro') during the mid-1930s, the scheme was revived in the 1950s and construction began in the early 1960s. The RER was not fully conceptualised until the completion of the (roughly: 'master plan for urban development') in 1965. The RER network, which initially comprised two lines, was formally inaugurated on 8 December 1977 in a ceremony that was attended by President Valﾃｩry Giscard d'Estaing. A second phase of construction commenced at the end of the 1970s which saw additional lines constructed along with extensions to the original two. The RER is operated partly by RATP, the authority that operates most of the public tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
