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Êzîdxan Women's Units
The Êzîdxan Women's Units ( or YJÊ) is a Yazidi all-women militia formed in Iraq in 2015 to protect the Yazidi community in the wake of attacks by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and other Islamist groups that view Yazidis as pagan infidels. An offshoot of the mixed-gender Yazidi militia Sinjar Resistance Units (YBŞ), the YJÊ was founded on 5 January 2015 under the original name of Yekîneyên Parastina Jin ê Şengalê (, YJŞ), or YPJ-Sinjar. The militia adopted its current name on 26 October 2015. The organization follows imprisoned PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan's feminist Jineology, and with the broader concept of democratic confederalism Democratic confederalism (), also known as Kurdish communalism, Öcalanism, or Apoism, is a political concept theorized by Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan about a system of democratic self-organization with the features o ... as advocated by the Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK). Activity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)
Iraqi civil war may refer to: * Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003), wars and rebellions by Iraqi Kurds against the government ** First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–70) ** Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–75) * 1991 Iraqi uprisings, rebellions in Iraq during a ceasefire in the Gulf War * Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–97), a conflict between rival Kurdish factions in Iraqi Kurdistan * Iraqi conflict (2003–present). See also: **Iraq War (2003–11), a war that began with the U.S. invasion of Iraq ***Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011) *** Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) *** Iraqi civil war (2006–2008), a civil war between Sunni and Shia militias including the Iraqi government and Al-Qaeda in Iraq (now known as ISIL) **** Islamic Army–Al-Qaeda conflict ** Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), an escalation of insurgent and sectarian violence after the U.S. withdrew ** War in Iraq (2013–2017), a war between ISIL and the Iraqi government and allies ** 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Workers' Party Insurgency
From 1978 until 2025, the Republic of Turkey was in an armed conflict with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) ( Kurdish: ''Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê'') as well as its allied insurgent groups, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish. The initial core demand of the PKK was its separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan. Later on, the PKK abandoned separatism in favor of autonomy and/or greater political and cultural rights for Kurds inside the Republic of Turkey. Although the Kurdish-Turkish conflict had spread to many regions, most of the conflict took place in Northern Kurdistan, which corresponded with southeastern Turkey. The PKK's presence in Iraqi Kurdistan resulted in the Turkish Armed Forces carrying out frequent ground incursions and air and artillery strikes in the region, and its influence in Syrian Kurdistan led to similar activity there. The conflict costed the economy of Turkey an estimated $300 to 450 billion, mostly in military costs. It also had ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Confederalism
Democratic confederalism (), also known as Kurdish communalism, Öcalanism, or Apoism, is a political concept theorized by Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan about a system of democratic self-organization with the features of a confederation based on the principles of autonomy, direct democracy, political ecology, feminism (" Jineology"), multiculturalism, self-defense, self-governance and elements of a cooperative economy. Influenced by social ecology, libertarian municipalism, Middle Eastern history and , Öcalan presents the concept as a political solution to Kurdish national aspirations, as well as other fundamental problems in countries in the region deeply rooted in class society, and as a route to freedom and democratization for people around the world. Although the liberation struggle of the PKK was originally guided by the prospect of creating a Kurdish nation state on a Marxist–Leninist basis, Öcalan became disillusioned with the nation-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Öcalan
Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1948 or 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish; Kurdish for "uncle"), is a founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He helped found the PKK in 1978, and led it into the Kurdish–Turkish conflict in 1984. For most of his leadership, he was based in Syria, which provided sanctuary to the PKK until the late 1990s. After being forced to leave Syria, Öcalan was abducted by the Turkish National Intelligence Organization (MIT) in Nairobi, Kenya in February 1999 and imprisoned on İmralı island in Turkey, where after a trial he was sentenced to death under Article 125 of the Turkish Penal Code, which concerns the formation of armed organizations. The sentence was commuted to aggravated life imprisonment when Turkey abolished the death penalty. From 1999 until 2009, he was the sole prisoner in İmralı prison in the Sea of Marmara, where he is still held. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Workers' Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party, or the PKK, isDespite the PKK's 12th Congress announcing plans for total organisational dissolution, the PKK has not yet been dissolved de facto or de jure. a Kurds, Kurdish militant political organization and armed List of guerrilla movements, guerrilla group primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of Turkish Kurdistan, southeastern Turkey, Iraqi Kurdistan, northern Iraq and north-eastern Syria. It was founded in Ziyaret, Lice on 27 November 1978 and was involved in asymmetric warfare in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present), Kurdish–Turkish conflict (with several ceasefires between 1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire, 1993 and 2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process, 2013–2015). Although the PKK initially sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its official platform changed to seeking autonomy and increased Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey, political and cultural rights for Kurds within Turkey. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fırat News
The Firat News Agency (ANF) (, ) is a Kurdish news agency that gathers and broadcasts news from the Middle East, broadly concerning Kurdish matters. The news agency has offices in Amsterdam and journalists around the world. It has been variously described as pro-Kurdish, pro- PKK, or PKK-affiliated. The CBC and Reuters have described the ANF as being "close" to the PKK, and Deutsche Welle states the two entities have "links". The BBC have alternately labelled the ANF "pro-Kurdish" and "pro-PKK". Because of the ANF's alleged links with the PKK, access to its websites from Turkey has been repeatedly blocked by Turkish courts in what has been described by Danny O'Brien of the Committee to Protect Journalists as a "cat-and-mouse" game. ANF social media accounts active in Turkey have been closed, and its journalists have been detained in Turkey. In addition, Twitter has blocked the ANF at the request of the Turkish government. In 2011 it was the target of a cyber-attack which remove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic State Of Iraq And The Levant
The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist organization and unrecognized quasi-state. IS occupied significant territory in Iraq and Syria in 2013, but lost most of it in 2019. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself to be a worldwide caliphate, and claimed religious, political, and military authority over all Muslims worldwide, a claim not accepted by the vast majority of Muslims. It is designated as a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and many countries around the world, including Muslim countries. By the end of 2015, its self-declared caliphate ruled an area with a population of about 12 million, where they enforced their extremist interpretation of Islamic law, managed an annual budget exceeding billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters. After a grinding conflict with American, Iraqi, and Kurdish forces, IS lost co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazidi
Yazidis, also spelled Yezidis (; ), are a Kurdish-speaking endogamous religious group indigenous to Kurdistan, a geographical region in Western Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. The majority of Yazidis remaining in the Middle East today live in Iraq, primarily in the governorates of Nineveh and Duhok. There is a disagreement among scholars and in Yazidi circles on whether the Yazidi people are a distinct ethnoreligious group or a religious sub-group of the Kurds, an Iranic ethnic group. Yazidism is the ethnic religion of the Yazidi people and is monotheistic in nature, having roots in a pre-Zoroastrian Iranic faith. Since the spread of Islam began with the early Muslim conquests of the 7th–8th centuries, Yazidis have faced persecution by Arabs and later by Turks, as they have commonly been charged with heresy by Muslim clerics for their religious practices. Despite various state-sanctions in the Ottoman Empire, Yazidis historically have lived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Raqqa (2017)
The battle of Raqqa (2017), also known as the second battle of Raqqa, was the fifth and final phase of the Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State (IS) with an aim to seize the city of Raqqa, the de facto capital of ISIL since 2014. The battle began on 6 June 2017, and was supported by airstrikes and ground troops from the US-led coalition. The operation was named the "Great Battle" by the SDF. It concluded on 17 October 2017, with the SDF fully capturing the city of Raqqa. The battle ran concurrently with the conclusion of the Battle of Mosul (2016–2017), which had started seven months earlier, as part of an effort by the CJTF–OIR and its allies to strip ISIL of its regional centers of power and to dismantle it as a state. It continued while Syrian Arab Army and allies began clearing ISIL across the Euphrates, reaching the point of the lifting of the Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017). Like other battles fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raqqa Campaign (2016–present)
Raqqa campaign may refer to: * Raqqa campaign (2012–13), battles between various Syrian rebel groups and Syrian government * Raqqa campaign (2016–17), battles between the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manbij Offensive (2016)
{{Infobox military conflict , conflict= Manbij offensive , width = 400px , partof= the Rojava–Islamist conflict and the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War, American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War , image=Manbijof.png , image_size=350px , caption= Map showing SDF territorial gains during the offensive , date=31 May – 27 August 2016({{Age in months, weeks and days, month1=05, day1=31, year1=2016, month2=08, day2=27, year2=2016) , place= Aleppo Governorate, Syria , result= Major SDF victory *SDF captures ~105 villages and farms by 14 June *SDF captures Manbij city by 12 August{{cite web, url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37063857, title=Syria rebels 'cut off IS escape route' through Manbij, publisher=BBC, date=12 August 2016, access-date=12 August 2016{{cite web, url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-captures-isiss-largest-stronghold-aleppo/, title=SDF captures ISIS's largest stronghold in Aleppo, first=Izat, last=Charkatli, date=12 Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
