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École Nationale D'Administration
The (; ENA; ) was a French ''grande école'', created in 1945 by the then Provisional Government of the French Republic, provisional chief of government Charles de Gaulle and principal co-author of the Constitution of France, 1958 Constitution Michel Debré, to democratize access to the senior French civil service, civil service. The school was frequently criticized from the 1970's onward for having built an incredibly elitist culture as well as being a stronghold for Technocracy, technocrats. As a result, it was dissolved on 31 December 2021 and replaced by the Institut national du service public (INSP). The ENA selected and supervised the initial training of senior French officials. It was considered to be one of the most academically demanding French schools, both because of its low acceptance rates and because a large majority of its candidates had already graduated from other elite schools in the country such as Sciences Po or the École polytechnique, École Polytechnique. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut National Du Service Public
The Institut national du service public (INSP; ) is a ''grande école'' based in Strasbourg, France. It is dedicated to the recruitment, initial training and continuing training of senior executives and civil servants of the state. It was created on 1 January 2022 to replace the École nationale d'administration (ENA), which was abolished on 31 December 2021 by French President Emmanuel Macron. The INSP is seated in Strasbourg and has offices in Paris. Its establishment is part of the top management reforms introduced by Emmanuel Macron, President Macron aiming at achieving a more efficient, inclusive and attractive top administration. However, its creation has faced criticisms from many French civil servants, including Macron's former Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister Édouard Philippe. The institute is responsible for providing senior state executives with initial and continuing training based on new foundations. It oversees a common core program for public service schoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Presidents Of France
The president of France is the head of state of France, elected by popular vote for five years. The first officeholder is considered to be Napoleon III, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who was elected in 1848 French presidential election, 1848 but provoked the 1851 French coup d'état, 1851 self-coup to later proclaim himself Emperor of the French, emperor as Napoleon III. His coup, which proved popular as he sought the restoration of Universal manhood suffrage, universal male suffrage previously abolished by the French Parliament, legislature, granted the newly-established Second French Empire, Second Empire firm ground. A republican regime was given way again in 1870 through the French Third Republic, Third Republic, after the fall of Napoleon III. A 1962 French presidential election referendum, 1962 referendum held under the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic at the request of President Charles de Gaulle transferred the election of the president of France from an electoral colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut D'études Politiques De Paris
Sciences Po () or Sciences Po Paris, also known as the Paris Institute of Political Studies (), is a public research university located in Paris, France, that holds the status of ''grande école'' and the legal status of . The university's undergraduate program is taught on the Paris campus as well as on the decentralized campuses in Dijon, Le Havre, Menton, Nancy, Poitiers and Reims, each with their own academic program focused on a geopolitical part of the world. While Sciences Po historically specialized in political science, it progressively expanded to other social sciences such as economics, law and sociology. The school was established in 1872 by Émile Boutmy as the ''École libre des sciences politiques'' in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War as a private institution to form a new French elite that would be knowledgeable in political science, law and history. It was a pioneer in the emergence and development of political science as an academic field in France. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilets Jaunes
The yellow vests protests or yellow-jacket protests (, ) were a series of populist, grassroots weekly protests in France that began on 17 November 2018 and ended on 28 June 2020. Some minor protests started again after the restrictions linked to COVID-19 were lifted. After an online petition posted in May 2018 had attracted nearly one million signatures, mass demonstrations began on 17 November. The movement was initially motivated by rising crude oil and fuel prices, a high cost of living, and economic inequality. The movement argued that a disproportionate burden of taxation in France was falling on the working and middle classes, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. The protesters called for lower fuel taxes, a reintroduction of the solidarity tax on wealth and a minimum wage increase, among other things. On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made public and went viral on social media, becoming a ''de facto'' structuring basis for the movement. The demands cov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Institutions In Strasbourg
There are a range of European institutions in Strasbourg (France), the oldest of which dates back to 1815. In all, there are more than twenty different institutions, addressing European integration and prosperity, based in the Alsatian city.List of international institutions in Strasbourg Many are located in what is known as the European Quarter of the city. Area The European Quarter is spread over an area covering the districts of Wacken, Orangerie and Robertsau in the north-west of the city and comprising the intersection of the River Ill and the Marne-Rhine Canal. The first specifi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édith Cresson
Édith Jeanne Thérèse Cresson (; Campion; born 27 January 1934) is a French politician of the Socialist Party. She served as Prime Minister of France from 1991 to 1992, the first woman to do so and only woman until Élisabeth Borne's appointment in 2022. Her political career ended in scandal as a result of corruption charges dating from her tenure as European Commissioner for Research, Science and Technology. French Prime Minister Cresson was appointed to the prime ministerial post by President François Mitterrand on 15 May 1991. She soon became strongly unpopular among the electorate and had to leave office after less than one year, following the Socialists' poor showing in 1992's regional elections. Her premiership was one of the shortest in the history of the Fifth Republic. Her strong criticism of Japanese trade practices, going so far as to compare the Japanese to "yellow ants trying to take over the world", led to charges of racism.Rone Tempest, Los Angeles Time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of France
The prime minister of France (), officially the prime minister of the French Republic (''Premier ministre de la République française''), is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of its Council of Ministers. The prime minister is the holder of the second-highest office in France, after the president of France. The president, who appoints but cannot dismiss the prime minister, can request resignation. The Government of France, including the prime minister, can be dismissed by the National Assembly. Upon appointment, the prime minister proposes a list of ministers to the president. Decrees and decisions signed by the prime minister, like almost all executive decisions, are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system. Some decrees are taken after advice from the Council of State (), over which the prime minister is entitled to preside. Ministers defend the programmes of their ministries to the prime minister, who makes budgetary choices. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepotism
Nepotism is the act of granting an In-group favoritism, advantage, privilege, or position to Kinship, relatives in an occupation or field. These fields can include business, politics, academia, entertainment, sports, religion or health care. In concept it is similar to cronyism. The term originated with the assignment of nephews, sons, or other relatives to important positions by Catholic popes and bishops. It has often been witnessed in Autocracy, autocracies, whereby Aristocracy, traditional aristocracies usually contested amongst themselves in order to obtain leverage, status, etc. Nepotism has been criticized since ancient history by philosophers including Aristotle, Thiruvalluvar, Valluvar, and Confucius, condemning it as both evil and unwise. Origins The term comes from Italian word ''nepotismo'',"Nepotism." Dictionary.com. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow Vests Movement
The yellow vests protests or yellow-jacket protests (, ) were a series of Populism, populist, grassroots weekly protests in France that began on 17 November 2018 and ended on 28 June 2020. Some minor protests started again after the restrictions linked to COVID-19 pandemic in France, COVID-19 were lifted. After an online petition posted in May 2018 had attracted nearly one million signatures, mass demonstrations began on 17 November. The movement was initially motivated by rising crude oil and fuel prices, a high cost of living, and economic inequality. The movement argued that a disproportionate burden of taxation in France was falling on the working and middle classes, especially in rural and Peri-urbanisation, peri-urban areas. The protesters called for lower fuel taxes, a reintroduction of the solidarity tax on wealth and a minimum wage increase, among other things. On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made public and went viral on social media, becoming a ''de fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
College Of Europe
The College of Europe (; ; ) is a post-graduate institute of European studies with three campuses in Bruges, Belgium; Warsaw, Poland; and Tirana, Albania. The College of Europe in Bruges was founded in 1949 as a result of the 1948 Congress of Europe in The Hague by leading historical European figures and founding fathers of the European Union, including Salvador de Madariaga, Winston Churchill, Paul-Henri Spaak and Alcide De Gasperi, to promote "a spirit of solidarity and mutual understanding between all the nations of Western Europe and to provide elite training to individuals who will uphold these values"Le rôle du Collège d'Europe " [The role of the College of Europe], ''Journal de Bruges et de la Province'', 7 October 1950, Vol. 114, No. 78, p. 1 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut International D'administration Publique
The Colonial School (, also known colloquially as ) was a French public higher education institution or Grandes écoles, grande école, created in Paris in 1889 to provide training for public servants and administrators of the French colonial empire. It also was a center for research in geography, anthropology, ethnology and other scientific endeavors with a focus on French-administered territories. As France's overseas possessions changed and shrank, the school was restructured and renamed on several occasions: in 1934 as École nationale de la France d'outre-mer (ENFOM, "National School of Overseas France"), in 1959 as Institut des hautes études d'Outre-Mer (IHEOM, "Institute of Higher Overseas Studies"), and in 1966 as Institut international d’administration publique (IIAP, "International Institute of Public Administration"). It had students from both Metropolitan France and its List of French possessions and colonies, overseas possessions and colonies. Its latest incarnatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
