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228
Year 228 ( CCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Modestus and Maecius (or, less frequently, year 981 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 228 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Domitius Ulpianus, a Roman jurist and prefect, is assassinated by the Praetorian Guard, in the presence of Emperor Severus Alexander. His curtailment of the privileges of the palace guard becomes Ulpianus' downfall, who in the course of a riot at Rome is murdered, between the soldiers and the mob. Persian Empire * King Ardashir I, four years after establishing the Sassanid Persian Empire, completes his conquest of Parthia. China * c. February – May – Battle of Jieting: The Cao Wei Kingdom decisively defeats the Shu Han Kingdom. * June &ndas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Xiu
Cao Xiu (died 28 November 228), courtesy name Wenlie, was a Chinese military general of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. A distant younger relative of the warlord Cao Cao, Cao Xiu started his career in the late Eastern Han dynasty as a military officer under Cao Cao. In the early stages of the Hanzhong Campaign of 217–219, he outwitted Zhang Fei and defeated his subordinate officer Wu Lan (吳蘭). Later in his career, he became a provincial-level military commander and fought in various battles against Wei's rival state, Eastern Wu. He died in 228 shortly after the Wei defeat at the Battle of Shiting. Early life Cao Xiu was a distant younger relative of Cao Cao. When the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in the late Eastern Han dynasty, the Cao clan left their ancestral home in Qiao County (譙縣; present-day Bozhou, Anhui) and went in different directions throughout the Han Empire to avoid getting caught up in the chaos. When Cao Xiu was around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Su
Ma Su (190–228), courtesy name Youchang, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. Ma Su had conspicuous talent in military theories and was admired by the Shu chancellor Zhuge Liang. However, a tactical blunder by Ma Su at the Battle of Jieting resulted in Shu being dealt a huge defeat by Zhang He, a general of the rival state of Wei. He was a younger brother of Ma Liang. Much dramatisation shrouds the death of Ma Su. According to the biography of Ma Su's close friend Xiang Lang, Ma Su was said to have attempted to flee with no further information if it was after or during his defeat at Jieting, but was captured. Following this, he was executed on Zhuge Liang's order and seemed to have faced death with dignity. Most cultural depictions concentrate on the latter part, such as the historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' as well as the Peking opera ''Loss of Jieting''. Early life Ma Su was born in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lü Fan
Lü Fan (died 228), courtesy name Ziheng, was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Eastern Wu during the early Three Kingdoms period. Early life Lü Fan was from Xiyang County (), Runan Commandery (), which is around present-day Taihe County, Anhui. He married a woman from a certain Liu family. He started his career as a minor official under the warlord Yuan Shu. During this time, he met Sun Ce, a general under Yuan Shu, and became close friends with him. Since then, he had accompanied Sun Ce on the battles he fought under Yuan Shu's banner, and later in the battles that Sun Ce fought as a warlord in his own right. It is said that Lü Fan recommended himself to Sun Ce through a game of weiqi – after Sun Ce made a bad opening move, Lü Fan capitalised on it and pointed out the mistake. Sun Ce was suitably impressed and offered Lü Fan a post. Rather t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jia Kui (general)
Jia Kui (174 – October 228Sun Quan's biography in the ''Sanguozhi'' indicated that Lu Xun defeated Cao Xiu at Shi'ting in the 8th month of the 7th year of the ''Huangwu'' era of his reign. ( ��武七年��八月，權至皖口，使將軍陸遜督諸將大破休於石亭。) ''Sanguozhi'', vol. 47. The month corresponds to 17 Sep to 15 Oct 228 in the Julian calendar. Jia Kui's biography in the ''Sanguozhi'' indicated that he died shortly after the battle. Thus, Jia Kui likely died in Oct 228.), originally named Jia Qu, courtesy name Liangdao, was a Chinese military general and politician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He served under the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Life Jia Kui was from Xiangling County (), Hedong Commandery (), which is present-day Xiangfen County, Shanxi. After appointments to several posts as prefect, administrator and Registrar to the Imperial Chancellor, Jia Kui was enfeoffed as a Secondary Marquis for his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meng Da
Meng Da (; died March 228), courtesy name Zidu, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the early Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served the warlords Liu Zhang and Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty before defecting to Wei. In Wei, he served under the first two rulers, Cao Pi and Cao Rui. Around late 227, he started a rebellion in Wei and aimed to rejoin the Shu-Han but the revolt was swiftly suppressed by the Wei general Sima Yi. Meng Da was captured and executed for treason. Background Meng Da was a son of Meng Ta (), who was Inspector of Liang province during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han. Service under Liu Zhang and Liu Bei Meng Da originally served Liu Zhang, the governor of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing). He defected to another warlord, Liu Bei, when the latter invaded Yi Province in the early 210s and seized control of the province from Liu Zhang. Liu Bei sent Meng Da to guard Jiangling (), and promote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Shiting
The Battle of Shi'ting (literal meaning "stone pavilion") was fought between the states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu in 228 during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The battle concluded with a Wu victory. Battle The Wu king Sun Quan ordered Zhou Fang to lay a trap for the Wei general Cao Xiu by pretending to defect to Wei. Cao Xiu was deceived into leading his troops straight into Wan (皖; present-day Qianshan County, Anhui). Sun Quan then appointed his general Lu Xun as Grand Chief Controller and ordered him to lead an attack on Cao Xiu. On the way to Wan, Cao Xiu fell into an ambush by Wu forces. He was unable to gain the upper hand in battle so he ordered a retreat to Shiting. In the middle of the night, the Wei soldiers started panicking and many of them deserted and abandoned their weapons, armour, and equipment. After his defeat, Cao Xiu wrote a memorial to the Wei emperor Cao Rui to apologize for his failure and requesting to be punished. After realising that he had been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luo Tong
Luo Tong (193 CE–228 CE), courtesy name Gongxu, was an official serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. Life Luo Tong was from Wushang County (烏傷縣), Kuaiji Commandery, which is around present-day Yiwu, Zhejiang. His father Luo Jun (駱俊), who served the Prince of Chen Liu Chong as his chancellor (陳相) in the Eastern Han dynasty, was killed by the warlord Yuan Shu. Luo Tong's mother remarried after her husband's death, and became a concubine of the official Hua Xin. Luo Tong, who was seven years old then, returned to Kuaiji Commandery with his close friends. Before Luo Tong left his hometown, his mother tearfully bid him farewell. When the carriage driver told him that his mother was looking on from behind, Luo Tong did not turn around. When asked why, he said, "If I look back, my mother will only miss me more. I don't want to make her suffer." This story highlights Luo Tong's filial piety and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Jieting
The Battle of Jieting was fought between the states of Cao Wei and Shu Han in 228 during the Three Kingdoms period in China. The battle was part of the first Northern Expedition led by Shu's chancellor-regent, Zhuge Liang, to attack Wei. The battle concluded with a decisive victory for Wei. Opening moves Zhuge Liang first sent generals Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi as a decoy force to Ji Valley () and pretend to attack Mei County (; southeast of present-day Fufeng County, Shaanxi) via Xie Valley () as a way to lure the main Wei forces of the region, while Zhuge Liang personally led a force towards Mount Qi. Cao Zhen led his army to oppose Zhao Yun while the three Wei-controlled commanderies – Nan'an (; around present-day Longxi County, Gansu), Tianshui and Anding (; around present-day Zhenyuan County, Gansu) – responded to the Shu invasion by defecting to the Shu side. People of Wei saw Liu Bei as the main hero of Shu Han. Following his death, there were a few years of peac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Fan
Wang Fan (228–266), courtesy name Yongyuan, was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, politician, and writer of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He would work on creating an armillary sphere and some of his works survive to this day, but his disobedience towards Wu's final Emperor Sun Hao would lead to his death. Life Wang Fan was from Lujiang Commandery (), which is located southwest of present-day Lujiang County, Anhui. Well studied with particular proficiency in calendric calculations, he started his career in Wu as a Gentleman of Writing () during the reign of the first Wu emperor Sun Quan or second Wu emperor Sun Liang, but resigned from office for reasons unknown. During the reign of the third Wu emperor Sun Xiu, Wang Fan served as a Central Regular Mounted Attendant () alongside He Shao, Xue Ying and Yu Si, and was given an additional appointment as a Chief Commandant of Escorting Cavalry (). He gained a reputation for his honest nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulpian
Ulpian (; ; 223 or 228) was a Roman jurist born in Tyre in Roman Syria (modern Lebanon). He moved to Rome and rose to become considered one of the great legal authorities of his time. He was one of the five jurists upon whom decisions were to be based according to the Law of Citations of Valentinian III, and supplied the Justinian '' Digest'' about a third of its contents. Biography The exact time and place of his birth are unknown. He was most literarily active between AD 211 and 222. He made his first appearance in public life as assessor in the auditorium of Papinian and member of the council of Septimius Severus; under Caracalla he was master of the requests (''magister libellorum''). Elagabalus (also known as Heliogabalus) banished him from Rome, but on the accession of Severus Alexander (222) he was reinstated, and finally became the emperor's chief adviser and '' Praefectus Praetorio''. During the Severan dynasty, the position of Praetorian prefect in Italy came ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leap Year Starting On Tuesday
A leap year starting on Tuesday is any year with 366 days (i.e. it includes 29 February) that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Wednesday, 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are FE. The most recent year of such kind was 2008, and the next one will be 2036 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise 2020 and 2048 in the obsolete Julian calendar. Any leap year that starts on Tuesday has only one Friday the 13th; the only one in this leap year occurs in June. Common years starting on Wednesday (such as 2025) share this characteristic. Any leap year that starts on Tuesday has only one Tuesday the 13th: the only one in this leap year occurs in May. Any leap year that starts on Tuesday has only one Friday the 17th: the only one in this leap year occurs in October. From August of the common year preceding that year until October in this type of year is also the longest period (14 months) that occurs without a Friday the 17th. This year has three months (March, June ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severus Alexander
Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 – March 235), also known as Alexander Severus, was Roman emperor from 222 until 235. He was the last emperor from the Severan dynasty. Alexander took power in 222, when he succeeded his slain cousin Elagabalus at the age of 13. Alexander himself was eventually assassinated in 235, and his death marked the beginning of the events of the Crisis of the Third Century, which included nearly fifty years of civil war, foreign invasion, and the collapse of the monetary economy. Alexander was the heir to his cousin, the 18-year-old Emperor Elagabalus. The latter had been murdered along with his mother Julia Soaemias by his own guards, who, as a mark of contempt, had their remains cast into the Tiber river. Alexander and his cousin were both grandsons of Julia Maesa, who was the sister of empress Julia Domna and had arranged for Elagabalus's acclamation as emperor by the Third Gallic Legion. Alexander's 13-year reign was the longest r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
