Zurenborg is an area in south-east Antwerp largely developed between 1894 and 1906 that features a high concentration of

townhouse A townhouse, townhome, town house, or town home, is a type of terraced housing. A modern townhouse is often one with a small footprint on multiple floors. In a different British usage, the term originally referred to any type of city residence ...

s in Art Nouveau and other fin-de-siècle styles.Alex Elaut, ''Zurenborg Walk'', Antwerp: Toerisme Antwerpen, .d. Together with Zuid, the urban quarter around the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Zurenborg is unique in Antwerp in that it is among the few areas in the city developed according to an urban plan in the late 19th century. The new neighbourhood reflected Antwerp's growing wealth, linked to growing port and trade activities, well. The northern - largest - area of Zurenborg, centered around Dageraadplaats, was mainly developed for the middle class, while the southern area, around Cogels Osylei, was mainly targeted to the well to do. The most eastern corner, which currently includes a bus yard of the public transport company and a power transfer station, was more devoted to industries and logistics, including a gas factory and a terminus station of a regional tram system. Engetrim, a development and construction company, had the lead in developing Zurenborg. Before, Zurenborg was an agricultural area dominated by an estate belonging to the Osy family.

Houses in Zurenborg

Location

Art Nouveau houses are interspersed with neoclassical mansions and other eclectic architectural styles throughout Zurenborg, which straddles the boundary between Antwerp itself and the

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...

of Berchem. The southern part, which falls within Berchem and is centred on ''Cogels-Osylei'' (or ''Cogels-Osy Lei''), ''Transvaalstraat'', and ''Waterloostraat'', has the highest number of townhouses. To the north, in the Antwerp section, many further examples were built along the streets surrounding ''Dageraadplaats''.

Styles

The development of Zurenborg coincided with the peak of Art Nouveau popularity, and that movement had the greatest impact on the stylistic language of the area. However, many other styles—mostly "revival styles"—that were popular at the time are also represented. These include Gothic Revival,

Neo-Renaissance Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range ...

Greek Revival The Greek Revival was an architectural movement which began in the middle of the 18th century but which particularly flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in northern Europe and the United States and Canada, but a ...

, Neoclassical, and the "cottage style" that coincided with British

Tudorbethan architecture Tudor Revival architecture (also known as mock Tudor in the UK) first manifested itself in domestic architecture in the United Kingdom in the latter half of the 19th century. Based on revival of aspects that were perceived as Tudor architecture ...

Themes

The houses were often named and decorated with accompanying themes. The influence of organic and natural sources is particularly evident in the themes and names of the Art Nouveau homes: ''The Sunflower'', ''The Rose'', ''The Tulip'', etc. Houses also referenced local history or the names of the streets upon which they stand. The Lion of Flanders prominently adorns Cogels-Osylei 2–4, while across the street an entire complex is devoted to

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first ...

. Some street names refer to the independence war of linguistic affinity, the Boer war in South Africa: ''Pretoriastraat'', ''Transvaalstraat'

and ''Krugerstraat''. On Waterloostraa

houses recall the Battle of Waterloo, eponymous battle. One of them, Waterloostraat 30, is adorned with a silhouette of

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

in his characteristic headgear, while another is decorated with glazed ceramic panels depicting scenes from that battle. The façade of no. 11, ''The Battle of Waterloo'', shows the portraits of Wellington and Napoleon, the two great commanders of the age. Bayonets, flags, smoking cannons and drums show you clearly the subject of the house.

Co-ordination of houses

Groups of individual houses were sometimes combined to form a general theme and are intended to be experienced as co-ordinated designs rather than as individual units. The five adjoining houses collectively known as ''De Tijd'' (

Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, ...

) on Waterloostraat make up such an ensemble. Each one, built in brick and in contrasting colours, is named for, and thematically represents, a time of the day: ''Ochtend'' (Morning), ''Dag'' (Day), ''Avond'' (Evening) and ''Nacht'' (Night). Similarly, some of the structures "speak" to one another. Examples of such a grouping are on the four corners of the Waterloostraat and Generaal Merlenstraat intersection, where houses depicting the four seasons face one another: ''Lente'' (Spring), ''Zomer'' (Summer), ''Herfst'' (Autumn) and ''Winter''.

Architects

Several architects worked in the neighbourhood. Among them was Joseph Bascourt, who designed 25 of the houses,Anne van Loo, "Bascourt, Joseph," ''

Grove Art Online ''Grove Art Online'' is the online edition of ''The Dictionary of Art'', often referred to as the ''Grove Dictionary of Art'', and part of Oxford Art Online, an internet gateway to online art reference publications of Oxford University Press, ...

'',

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...

. ccessed 11 April 2008/ref> Jules Hofman, and Frans Smet-Verhas.

Post World War II history

With car ownership rising and upper middle class households moving to the suburbs, the status of Zurenborg - especially Cogels Osylei - as a well-to-do residential area came down. The houses were regarded as too big and too energy consuming. A major plan was made in the 1960s to transform the whole area into a business and office area similar to the one built at Brussels North station. In the end, however, it was concluded that the area was not to be demolished. The area was listed as an item of urban landscape, to the disappointment of many owners who expected to sell their properties at a profit. The area became popular with artists and entrepreneurs. Many houses became listed monuments. With the help of public subsidies, many owners succeeded in renovating their properties and Zurenborg became a well-functioning urban neighborhood with a variety of people. Dageraadplaats ("Dawn Square") in the northern part of Zurenborg was transformed from a neighbourhood shopping area into one of the most popular dining areas in Antwerp, and the art nouveau mansions in Zurenborg draw high numbers of visitors and tourists.

Gallery

Image:Cogels-Osylei, Zurenborg, Antwerp, from Burgemeester E. Reyckaertsplein.jpg, Cogels-Osylei, Zurenborg, Antwerp, from Burgemeester E. Reyckaertsplein Image:Ensemble De Morgend, Den Dag, Den Tijd, De Nacht en Den Avond, Waterloostraat 55-63, Zurenborg, Antwerp.jpg, Ensemble De Morgend, Den Dag, Den Tijd, De Nacht en Den Avond, Waterloostraat 55-63, Zurenborg, Antwerp Image:Zurenborg De-Morgenster2.jpg, ''The Morning Star'' (detail), Cogels-Osylei 55. Architect: Joseph Bascourt Image:Zurenborg Winter.jpg, The 4 seasons (''Winter''), Generaal van Merlenstraat 27-30. Architect: Joseph Bascourt Image:Zurenborg De-Zonnebloem.jpg, ''Zonnebloem'' (Sunflower), Cogels Osylei 50. Architect: Jules Hofman Image:Zurenborg Waterloo.jpg, ''The Battle of Waterloo'', Waterloostraat 11. Architect: Frans Smet-Verhas Image:Zurenborg Boreas.jpg, " Boreas" house, Transvaalstraat 56. Architect: Joseph Bascourt

References

External links

Zurenborg history
{{Coord, 51, 12, 20, N, 4, 25, 57, E, region:BE_type:city, display=title Art Nouveau houses Art Nouveau architecture in Belgium Geography of Antwerp Populated places in Antwerp Province