Yunti (10 February 1688 – 16 February 1755), born Yinzhen and also known as Yinti before 1722, formally known as Prince Xun, was a

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) an ...

prince and military general of the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

Life

Kangxi era

Yunti was born "Yinzhen" () in the

Aisin Gioro The House of Aisin-Gioro was a Manchu clan that ruled the Later Jin dynasty (1616–1636), the Qing dynasty (1636–1912), and Manchukuo (1932–1945) in the history of China. Under the Ming dynasty, members of the Aisin Gioro clan served as ch ...

clan as the 14th son of the

Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to ...

. His mother was

Empress Xiaogongren Empress Xiaogongren (28 April 1660 – 25 June 1723), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Uya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor and mother of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor. She was honoured as Emp ...

, who also bore the

Yongzheng Emperor The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizong of Qing, born Yinzhen, was the fourth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He reigned from ...

. As Yunti's birth name "Yinzhen" was similar to that of his fourth brother,

Yinzhen , regnal name = , posthumous name = Emperor Jingtian Changyun Jianzhong Biaozhen Wenwu Yingming Kuanren Xinyi Ruisheng Daxiao Zhicheng Xian()Manchu: Temgetulehe hūwangdi () , temple name = Shizong()Manchu: Šidzung () , house = Aisin Gioro ...

(胤禛), it was changed to "Yinti" (胤禵). In 1709, Yinti was granted the title of a ''beizi''. In 1718, after Dzungar forces defeated a Qing army along the

Salween River , ''Mae Nam Salawin'' ( , name_etymology = , image = Sweet_View_of_Salween_River_in_Tang_Yan_Township,_Shan_State,_Myanmar.jpg , image_size = , image_caption = Salween River in Shan State, Myanmar , map ...

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...

, the Kangxi Emperor appointed Yinti as "Great General Who Pacifies the Frontier" (撫遠大將軍) to lead an army of 300,000 into Tibet to attack the Dzungars and their leader,

Tsewang Rabtan Tsewang Rabtan (from ''Tsewang Rapten''; ; ; 1643–1727) was a Choros (Oirats) prince and the Khong Tayiji of the Dzungar Khanate from 1697 (following the death of his uncle and rival Galdan Boshugtu Khan) until his death in 1727. He was mar ...

. It was believed that this was a sign that the Kangxi Emperor was considering Yinti as a potential heir to his throne. In February 1720, Yinti ordered his deputies Galbi and Yanxin to set out from

Xining Xining (; ), alternatively known as Sining, is the capital of Qinghai province in western China and the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau. The city was a commercial hub along the Northern Silk Road's Hexi Corridor for over 2000 years, and w ...

to take

Lhasa Lhasa (; Lhasa dialect: ; bo, text=ལྷ་ས, translation=Place of Gods) is the urban center of the prefecture-level Lhasa City and the administrative capital of Tibet Autonomous Region in Southwest China. The inner urban area of Lhasa ...

, while he remained in Xining to build up support with their Mongol allies and then escort the Seventh Dalai Lama to Lhasa. On 24 September 1720, Yinti's army captured Lhasa and returned the Dalai Lama to the

Potala Palace The Potala Palace is a ''dzong'' fortress in Lhasa, Tibet. It was the winter palace of the Dalai Lamas from 1649 to 1959, has been a museum since then, and a World Heritage Site since 1994. The palace is named after Mount Potalaka, the mythi ...

Yongzheng era

On 21 December 1722, just as Yinti was planning for a conquest of the

Dzungar Khanate The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin. At its greatest extent, it covered an area from southern Siberia in the north to present-day Kyrgyzstan in the south, and from t ...

, he received news of the Kangxi Emperor's death and was immediately summoned back to the capital,

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the Capital city, capital of the China, People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's Li ...

, to attend his father's funeral. His fourth brother, Yinzhen, succeeded their father and became historically known as the

. Yinti and his brothers had to change the character ''Yin'' (胤) in their names to ''Yun'' (允) to avoid naming taboo, because the reigning emperor's personal name contained the character ''Yin''. In 1723, Yunti was promoted from ''beizi'' to ''junwang'' (second-rank prince). However, in the following year, he was demoted back to ''beizi''. The Yongzheng Emperor perceived Yunti as a potential threat to his throne, so he stripped Yunti of his ''beizi'' title in 1725 and placed him under house arrest at Shouhuang Palace, in the present-day

Jingshan Park Jingshan Park is an imperial park covering immediately north of the Forbidden City in the Imperial City area of Beijing, China. The focal point is the artificial hill Jingshan (), literally "Prospect Hill". Formerly a private imperial garden at ...

Qianlong era

In 1735, the Yongzheng Emperor died and was succeeded by his fourth son Hongli, who became historically known as the

Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, born Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 ...

. The Qianlong Emperor released Yunti in the same year after his coronation. In 1737, Yunti was restored to the ranks of nobility as a ''fuguo gong'' (a lesser duke). Ten years later, in 1747, he was promoted to ''beile''. In 1748, he was further promoted back to ''junwang'' and granted the title " Prince Xun of the Second Rank" (恂郡王). Yunti died on 16 February 1755 and was posthumously honoured as Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂勤郡王). The Prince Xun peerage was inherited by his second son, Hongming (弘明; 1705–1767), who became a ''beile'' in 1735.

Family

Primary Consort * Princess Consort Xunqin, of the

Wanyan The Wanyan (; Manchu: ''Wanggiyan''; Jurchen script: ) clan was among the clans of the Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the time of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Of the Heishui Mohe, the clan was coun ...

clan (恂勤郡王福晋完顏氏)
Titles: Primary Consort of the Fourteenth Prince (第十四王子福晋) → Princess Consort of the Fourth Rank (贝子夫人) → Princess Consort of the Second Rank (郡王福晋) → Princess Consort of the Fourth Rank (贝子夫人) → Primary Consort of the Fourteenth Son of the Kangxi Emperor (第十四儿子福晋) → Duchess of the Second Rank (不入八分国公夫人)→ Princess Consort of the Third Rank (贝勒夫人) → Princess Consort Xun of the Second Rank (恂郡王福晋) → ''Princess Consort Xunqin of the Second Rank'' (恂勤郡王福晋) ** Hongming, Prince Gongqin of the Third Rank (恭勤贝勒弘明; 25 April 1705 – 4 February 1767), second son ** Hongkai (弘暟; 31 December 1707 – 28 January 1759), fourth son Secondary Consort * Secondary consort, of the

Šušu Gioro Šušu Gioro (，pinyin: Shushu Jueluo) was a clan of Manchu nobility belonging to the Gioro Hala . The other families belonging to the Gioro family were: Aisin Gioro, the ruling clan from 1644 to 1912, Irgen Gioro and Sirin Gioro. The clan descen ...

clan (側福晉舒舒覺羅氏)
Titles: Secondary Consort of the Fourteenth Prince (第十四皇子侧妃) → Side Consort of a Beizi (貝子侧妃) → Secondary Consort of a Junwang (郡王侧福晋) → Side Consort of the Fourteenth Son of the Kangxi Emperor (第十四儿子侧妃) → Side Consort of a Duke (不入八分国公侧妃) → Side Consort of a Beile (贝勒侧妃) → Secondary Consort of Xun Junwang (恂郡王侧福晋) → ''Secondary Consort Xunqin of the Second Rank'' (恂勤郡王侧福晋) ** Hongchun, Prince Tai of the Second Rank (泰郡王弘春; 11 October 1703 – 3 March 1739), first son ** Princess of the Third Rank (郡主; 5 December 1705 – 1 March 1729), second daughter *** Married Chenggunjab (成衮扎布) of the Harqin league in 10 February 1719 *** Married Senggunzabu (僧衮紮布) in 1719 ** Lady of the Second Rank (縣君; 22 June 1706 – 10 June 1761), third daughter *** Married Halu of the Namdulu clan in December 1727 ** Princess of the Third Rank (郡主; 8 August 1707 – 4 October 1776), fifth daughter * Secondary consort, of the

Irgen Gioro Irgen Gioro (; ) is a Manchu clan and family name, which was officially categorized as a "notable clan", and member of the eight great houses of the Manchu nobility in Qing dynasty. Sibe and Nanai people also has Irgen Gioro as their family na ...

clan (側福晉伊爾根覺羅氏)
Titles: Secondary Consort of the Fourteenth Prince (第十四皇子侧妃) → Side Consort of a Beizi (貝子侧妃) → Secondary Consort of a Junwang (郡王侧福晋) → Side Consort of the Fourteenth Son of the Kangxi Emperor (第十四儿子侧妃) → Side Consort of a Duke (不入八分国公侧妃) → Side Consort of a Beile (贝勒侧妃) → Secondary Consort of Xun Junwang (恂郡王侧福晋) → ''Secondary Consort Xunqin of the Second Rank'' (恂勤郡王侧福晋) ** ''First daughter'' (20 February 1705 – March/April 1706) ** Princess of the Second Rank (縣君; 17 November 1706 – 16 February 1773), fourth daughter *** Married Deshou (德绶) of the Aohan

Borjigin A Borjigin, ; ; russian: Борджигин, Bordžigin; English plural: Borjigins or Borjigid (from Middle Mongolian);''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan'', p. 119. Manchu plural: is a member of the Mongol sub-clan, which started with ...

clan ** Hongying (弘映; 12 December 1707 – 29 August 1771), third son Concubine * Mistress, of the Wu clan (吳氏)
Titles: Mistress of a Duke (不入八分国公格格) → Concubine of a Beile (贝勒庶妃)→ Concubine of Xun Junwang (恂郡王庶妃) → ''Concubine of Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank'' (恂勤郡王庶妃) ** ''Sixth daughter'' (22 February 1737 – 21 September 1741) * Mistress, of the

clan (伊爾根覺羅氏)
Titles: Concubine of Xun Junwang (恂郡王庶妃) → ''Concubine of Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank'' (恂勤郡王庶妃) ** Princess of the Fourth Rank (縣主; 30 October 1753 – 10 April 1776), seventh daughter *** Married Erdengge of the

Niohuru The Niohuru (Manchu: ; in Manchu) were a prominent Manchu clan during the Qing dynasty. The clan had inhabited the Changbai Mountains since as early as the Liao dynasty. The clan was well known during the Qing dynasty for producing a variety o ...

clan in December 1767

Ancestry

In fiction and popular culture

* Portrayed by Cheung Wai in ''

The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty ''The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty'' is a long-running four part television series about the history of the Qing dynasty. The series was produced by Hong Kong's ATV and was aired on ATV Home from September 1987 to May 1992.Yesasia.com.Yesasia.co ...

'' (1988) * Portrayed by Huang Yinxun in '' Legend of YungChing'' (1997) * Portrayed by Xu Zuming in ''

Yongzheng Dynasty ''Yongzheng Dynasty'' is a 1999 Chinese historical television series starring Tang Guoqiang and Jiao Huang. The series, spanning 44 episodes, occupied the CCTV-1 prime time slot; after its premiere, there have been many re-runs of the show on telev ...

'' (1999) * Portrayed by

Derek Kwok Derek Kwok Chi-kin (, born 10 October 1976) is a Hong Kong film director and screenwriter. He won the 28th Hong Kong Film Awards for Best New Director with his film ''The Moss''. Director *2007 ''The Pye-Dog'' *2008 ''The Moss'' *2010 ''Galla ...

in ''

The King of Yesterday and Tomorrow ''The King of Yesterday and Tomorrow'' () is a Hong Kong comedy television drama produced by Siu Hin-fai and TVB. It originally aired on TVB Jade from 27 January to 21 February 2003. According to legend, Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing dynasty may n ...

'' (2003) * Portrayed by

Chen Zhihui Chen Zhihui is a Chinese actor best known for playing supporting roles in various films and television series since the 1980s. Some of his more notable roles in film include: Master Chin in '' Jet Li's Fearless'' (2006); Zhang Fei in '' Three Ki ...

in ''

Huang Taizi Mishi ''Huang Taizi Mishi'' is a 2004 Chinese television series produced by You Xiaogang. The series is the second instalment in a series of four television series about the history of the early Qing dynasty. It was preceded by '' Xiaozhuang Mishi'' (200 ...

'' (2004) * Portrayed by

Mao Zijun Mao Zijun (, born 31 December 1986) is a Chinese actor. Career Mao debuted in the 2009 television series ''Niang Qi'' and thereafter gained attention for his role as the 14th prince in the 2011 hit drama ''Palace''. The same year, he won the "B ...

in ''

Palace A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which ...

'' (2011) * Portrayed by Lin Gengxin in ''

Scarlet Heart ''Scarlet Heart'' (, lit. ''Startling by Each Step'') is a 2011 Chinese television series based on the novel '' Bu Bu Jing Xin'' by Tong Hua. It premiered in China on Hunan Broadcasting System (HBS) on 10 September 2011. The series tells the s ...

'' (2011) * Portrayed by Wei Qianxiang in ''

Palace II ''Palace II'' ( Chinese: 宫锁珠帘, lit. ''Locked Beaded Curtain'') is a 2012 Chinese television series written and produced by Yu Zheng and directed by Lee Wai-chu. It is a sequel to the 2011 television series ''Palace''. The series was fir ...

'' (2012) * Portrayed by

Owen Cheung Owen Cheung (; born 20 July 1987) is a Hong Kong actor contracted to TVB. Cheung is best known for his roles as Kuk Yat-ha (Gogo) in '' Legal Mavericks'' (2017) and Ko Ban in ''Al Cappuccino'' (2020). After winning the 2019 TVB Anniversary Awar ...

in ''

Gilded Chopsticks ''Gilded Chopsticks'' (; literally "Eat to be Enslaved") is a 2014 Hong Kong historical fiction television serial produced by TVB. Set during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, the serial follows the adventures of ...

'' (2014) *Portrayed by Xin Yun Lai in ''Dreaming Back to the Qing Dynasty'' (2019)

References

* *

External links

*
The Yongzheng Emperor's mystery succession and Yinti's involvement
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yunti 1688 births 1755 deaths Kangxi Emperor's sons Manchu politicians Qing dynasty generals Qing dynasty politicians from Beijing Generals from Beijing Prince Xun (恂)

Life

Kangxi era

Yongzheng era

Qianlong era

Family

Ancestry

In fiction and popular culture

See also

References

External links