Yeung Hok-ling (楊鶴齡) (1868 - 29 August 1934),

courtesy name A courtesy name (), also known as a style name, is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one's given name. This practice is a tradition in the East Asian cultural sphere, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.Ulrich Theob ...

Lai-ha (禮遐), was a Chinese revolutionary. He is one of the Four Bandits, together with Sun Yat-sen, Yau Lit and Chan Siu-bak.

Biography

Born in

Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a p ...

, Yeung's hometown was at Cuiheng Village at

Zhongshan Zhongshan (; ) is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 ...

Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...

, which was also the hometown of Sun Yat-sen and

Lu Haodong Lu Zhonggui (30 September 1868 – 7 November 1895), courtesy name Xianxiang, better known as Lu Haodong, was a Chinese revolutionary who lived in the late Qing dynasty. He is best known for designing the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag that beca ...

. Yeung entered the Canton Academy of Mathematics (廣州算學館) in 1886. In 1888, he went to

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta i ...

and stayed at Yeung Yiu Kee (楊耀記), his family shop on

Gough Street Gough Street ( Chinese: 歌賦街) is a street on Sheung Wan, Hong Kong, just north of the Soho area of Central. It is connected to Shing Wong Street to the west and Aberdeen Street to the east. The street is informally referred to as "NoHo", north ...

, Sheung Wan. Si Da Kou

In 1890, Yeung introduced Yau Lit, his classmate at the Canton Academy of Mathematics, to Sun Yat-sen, his old friend from Cuiheng. Sun then introduced them to Chan Siu-bak, his classmate at the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese. The four frequently met at Yeung Yiu Kee to discuss a revolution against the

Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-spea ...

, and were collectively called the Four Bandits by their neighbours. When Sun graduated in 1892, he had to borrow money from Hospital Kiang Wu to set up his own pharmacy in

, and Yeung persuaded his brother-in-law, Ng Tsit-mei (吳節薇), to be Sun's guarantor. Sun was soon forced to leave Macao to redevelop his medical career in Shekkei, Heungshan, and Yeung sold a building in Rua Central to support him. In 1896, Yeung's father died to leave him some properties in Heungshan, Hong Kong and Macau; he would later sell all these properties to finance anti-Qing revolution. Later, Yeung worked at the ''China Daily'' founded by Chan Siu-bak to advocate revolution. After the

Xinhai Revolution The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, ended China's last imperial dynasty, the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. The revolution was the culmination of a ...

in 1911, he lived in Macau as a commoner. He wrote to Sun in 1919 to apply for a job in the Republic of China Government. When Sun Yat-sen established the Government in Canton in 1921, the Three Bandits were appointed as Sun's consultants, but Yeung resigned and returned to Macao after several months. In 1923 Sun re-established the Canton Government and appointed Yeung as the special investigator in Hong Kong and Macau. After Sun's death in 1925, Yeung returned to Macau. Yeung died in Macau on 29 August 1934 and was buried at Cuiheng Village,

References

「四大寇」之一楊鶴齡孫中山故居紀念館 - 楊鶴齡
{{Authority control Chinese revolutionaries 1868 births 1934 deaths