''Xanthomonas campestris'' is a bacterium that causes a variety of
plant
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclu ...
disease
A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that a ...
s, including "black rot" in
cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables of the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivars being raised for food production such as cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brusse ...
and
bacterial wilt of turfgrass.
It is also used in the commercial production of
xanthan gum
Xanthan gum () is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer that prevents ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars ...
, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide which has many important uses, especially in the food industry.
Pathovars
(pv. means
pathovar
A pathovar is a bacterial strain or set of strains with the same or similar characteristics, that is differentiated at infrasubspecific level from other strains of the same species or subspecies on the basis of distinctive pathogenicity to one o ...
, a type of classification based on the host plant that is attacked by ''Xanthomonas campestris'')
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''armoraciae''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''begoniae'' A
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''begoniae'' B
*
''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''campestris''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''cannabis''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''carota''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''corylina''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''dieffenbachiae''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''glycines'' syn. ''Xanthomonas axonopodis'' pv. ''glycines''
*
''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''graminis''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''hederae''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''hyacinthi''
*
''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''juglandis'' – the walnut blight
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''malvacearum'' or ''Xanthomonas citri'' subsp.'' malvacearum''
*
''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''musacearum''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''mangiferaeindicae''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''mori''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''nigromaculans''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''pelargonii''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''phaseoli''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''poinsettiicola''
* ''
Xanthomonas pruni'' syn. ''X. campestris'' pv. ''pruni''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''raphani''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''sesami''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''tardicrescens''
* ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''translucens''
*
''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''vesicatoria''
* '' Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. viticola
Outbreak of grapevine bacterial canker disease in India
R. Chand and R. Kishun, Vitis, 1990, volume 29, pages 183-188.
The former ''X. c.'' pv. ''citri'', which causes citrus canker
Citrus canker is a disease affecting ''Citrus'' species caused by the bacterium '' Xanthomonas'' (''X.axonopodis; X. campestris''). Infection causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus trees, including lime, oranges, and grapefrui ...
, was reclassified as ''X. axonopodis'' in 1995. In 2006, the species designations for ''X. c.'' pv. ''citri'' and ''X. c.'' pv. ''malvacearum'' were revised to ''xes. citri'' and these pathovars are now referred to as subspecies.
References
Further reading
* Gerhard Reuther, Martin Bahmann: ''Elimination of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii by Means of Micropropagation of Pelargonium Stock Plants;'' In: 3rd International Geranium Conference, 1992. Proceedings, Ball Publishing Batavia, IL. USA; (1992),
* Schaad NW, Postnikova E, Lacy GH, Sechler A, Agarkova I, Stromberg PE, Stromberg VK, Vidaver AK (2006). "Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus." ''Syst Appl Microbiol'' 29(8): 690–695.
* Vauterin L, Hoste B, Kersters K, and Swings J (1995). "Reclassification of ''Xanthomonas''." ''Int J Syst Bacteriol'' 45: 472–489.
* Maji MD, Qadri MH, Pal SC (1998). "Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori, a new bacterial pathogen of mulberry." ''Sericologia'' 38(3): 519–522.
External links
Type strain of ''Xanthomonas campestris'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Xanthomonadales
Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
Soybean diseases
{{gammaproteobacteria-stub