The Intel X25-M was a line of Serial ATA interface

solid-state drive A solid-state drive (SSD) is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory, and functioning as secondary storage in the hierarchy of computer storage. It is a ...

s (or SSDs) developed by

Intel Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue, and is one of the developers of the x86 seri ...

for

personal computer A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose microcomputer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use. Personal computers are intended to be operated directly by an end user, rather than by a computer expert or tec ...

s, announced in late 2008. The SSD was a multi-level-cell solid-state drive available in a 2.5" form factor, came in 80 GB and 160 GB capacities and utilized

NAND flash memory Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use t ...

on a 50 nm process. The second-generation SSD which was called the "X25-M G2". The X25-M G2 was also available in a 2.5" form factor and 80 GB and 160 GB capacities, but with NAND flash memory on a more efficient 34 nm process.

Overview

Around May 2008, rumors and various leaks about a possible mainstream affordable SSD released by Intel surfaced. A couple weeks after, Intel indirectly confirmed the rumors by releasing a promotional video. Intel then released its X25 series of SSDs which consisted of three different drives: The X25-V, X25-M, and X25-E. The letter after each name stands for value, mainstream, and extreme respectively. The X25-M was released in an 80GB capacity with 50 nm

in a 2.5" form factor. The 160 GB capacity version came out several months after. Intel then released a 34 nm flash memory version in the middle of 2009. Because Intel used the same exact name for these new drives, the consumers nicknamed the 34 nm SSDs as the "X25-M G2". A third generation drive called the "X25-M G3" was rumored to come out in late 2010 but was delayed until early 2011. However, a blog said it was quietly sold on

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, a Chinese

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-esque website.

Features

Before the X25-M was released, all of the

multi-level cell In electronics, a multi-level cell (MLC) is a memory cell capable of storing more than a single bit of information, compared to a single-level cell (SLC), which can store only one bit per memory cell. A memory cell typically consists of a single ...

(MLC) drives were the same piece of hardware, but with a different company logo on it. This is called rebranding, which happens often in the computer hardware market, but Intel opted to develop its own MLC drive. The most notable feature about the X25-M is how well it performed in comparison to other MLC and single-level cell (SLC) SSDs. SLC drives are naturally more efficient than MLC drives, however Intel's unique architecture for this MLC drive was much more efficient than the typical MLC drive. To prevent data loss, Intel included additional 7.5–8% more space (6–6.4 GB on an 80 GB drive), specifically for reliability purposes. If it ran out of good blocks to write (nearing the end of the drive's lifespan), the SSD will write to this additional space on the drive.

TRIM support

X25-M G2 Trim command support was released for

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. Trim support gives the SSD the ability to take the memory that is marked to be deleted to erased immediately. This gives the drive more space to reuse, and reduces performance loss over time. The firmware also increased overall sequential write times of the 160 GB X25-M G2, though not of the 80 GB version. This increased the maximum write speed of 70 MB/s to 100 MB/s. Intel refused to release any trim-supporting firmware for the first generation X25-M. According to discussions tech journalist

Anand Lal Shimpi Anand Lal Shimpi (born June 26, 1982) is a former tech journalist and American businessman who retired at the age of 32 from the publishing industry to join the hardware division at Apple Inc. He is primarily known as the founder of the techn ...

with Intel "this isn’t a technical limitation of the drives, but rather something Intel is choosing to enable only on the 34nm products" to pressure users to upgrade.Intel's 34nm SSD Preview: Cheaper and Faster?
Anand Lal Shimpi, Anandtech, July 21, 2009

Bugs

Two bugs with the firmware on the X25-M G2 were fixed. The first bug had complications with a BIOS HDD password. A BIOS HDD password is used to reduce functionality of the computer unless the user inputs the correct password. The problem was that certain X25-M G2 drives that shipped with the bugged (02G2) firmware gave difficulty to any users that used a BIOS HDD password. This means that users who bought the drive with this firmware had to do the following until the next firmware update: should not set a BIOS HDD password, change or disable the BIOS password.Malventano, Allyn. "PC Perspective - Intel X25-M 'G2' 34nm 160GB SSD Review." - PC Perspective .22 July 2009. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. <>. In late 2009, Intel released firmware that incorporated Trim support that further increased the speeds of the drive. However, when users upgraded to this firmware, there was a chance the firmware would instead just brick the drive.Savov, Vlad. "Intel Finds SSD Firmware Bug, Calls in the Exterminators." - Engadget. 6 Nov. 2009. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. .

Specifications

The Intel X25-M G2 specifications: * Capacity 80 GB, 120 GB and 160 GB * NAND flash components Intel multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory * 10 parallel channel architecture with 34 nm MLC ONFI 1.0 NAND * Bandwidth sustained sequential read: up to 250 MB/s * Sustained sequential write: up to 70 MB/s (80 GB drive) and up to 100 MB/s (160 GB drive) * Read latency: 65 µs * Write latency: 85 µs * Random 4 KB reads: up to 35,000 IOPS * Random 4 KB writes: 80 GB X25/X18-M – up to 6,600 IOPS * Random 4 KB writes: 160 GB X25/X18-M – up to 8,600 IOPS * Interface SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and 3.0 Gbit/s * 2.5" industry standard hard drive form factor * Compatibility SATA revision 2.6 compliant. Compatible with SATA 3 Gbit/s with Native Command Queuing and SATA 1.5 Gbit/s interface rates * Life expectancy 1.2 million hours (MTBF) * Power consumption active: 150 mW typical * Idle (DIPMIntel Device-Initiated Link Power Management (DIPM) and Intel Host-Initiated Power Management (HIPM) together enable Intel Link Power Management (LPM) power saving management technology for SATA devices, from Intel® RST, Intel® Rapid Storage Technology v12.9.0.1001 Help. "Intel® Rapid Storage Technology (Intel® RST) RAID Driver" - Intel.com. 12 December 2013. Retrieved 4 Jan. 2014. .): 75 mW typical * Operating shock 1,500 G/0.5 ms * Operating temperature 0 °C to +70 °CBrian. "Intel X25-M SSD Review (160GB)." - StorageReview.com. 2 Apr. 2010. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. .

References

{{Intel Serial ATA Intel products