William Herle (spy)
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William Herle (died 1589) was an Englishman who led a double life as a respectable
Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members o ...
and county
sheriff A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland that is commonly transla ...
, and well as a privateer and spy who was imprisoned in the
Marshalsea The Marshalsea (1373–1842) was a notorious prison in Southwark, just south of the River Thames. Although it housed a variety of prisoners, including men accused of crimes at sea and political figures charged with sedition, it became known, i ...
prison in 1571. He became known for his part in
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Elizabeth was the last of the five House of Tudor monarchs and is sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen". Eli ...
's intelligence network inside the jail, smuggling letters to William Cecil, Lord Burghley, about people involved in the so-called
Ridolfi plot The Ridolfi plot was a Roman Catholic plot in 1571 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. The plot was hatched and planned by Roberto Ridolfi, an international banker who was able to travel betwee ...
, a Roman Catholic plan to assassinate the Queen and replace her with
Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...
.


Privateering

William Herle has been alleged to be in the services of Sir William Garrard in the 1565's as Garrard lord mayor of London had a market in the northern sea. This brought Herle to the attention to William Cecil who hired him in the mid-1560s to travel among the allies to England to supply them. Herle was sent to raid ships among the Themes as he took ships to form forging traders even causing Margaret, Duchess of Parma, a Spanish regent in the Netherlands call to Elizabeth I to stop the private. In July of the year 1566, William Herle handed himself to William Cecil to be imprisoned and to be questioned for his pirating; this was one of many imprisonments he would face. For the trial of the July 1566, he was acquitted as he was not on the ship Tigger which was the one that was raiding the other ship. This is how many a time Herle would escape as he would be not on the ship that the pirating was on.


Imprisonment

William Herle would be placed in prison a few time in his lifetime due to his crimes as a pirate. He was imprisoned in Marshalsea for many times. He would have been given the normal sentence of a pirate which was death to pirates but he often manages to escape by a loophole which he stayed in the jail, and he wrote of his experiences. William Herle wrote in his journal as well to William Cecil about the time he was in jail and the other prisoners because of his writing we have a better understanding of Tudor jail life. One of these times was in 1571 where he wrote to William Cecil several times about the Ridolfi Plot. He wrote to William Cecil of Mary of Scotlands guest and what he could tell what they spoke off.Bossy 1991. He even manages to get letters to William Cecil proving the plot against Elizabeth I.


References


Sources

* Adams, Robyn. "'The Service I am Here for': William Herle in the Marshalsea Prison, 1571," ''Huntington Library Quarterly'', June 2009, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 217–238. * Adams, R. “'All at Sea': An Accusation of Piracy against William Herle in 1565". Topic : The Washington and Jefferson College Review, 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1367031/1/Adams.pdf. * Adams, Robyn. "A Spy on the Payroll? William Herle and the Mid Elizabethan Polity". Historical Research 83, no. 220 (2010): 266–280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.2009.00517.x. * Bossy, John. " 3 November/3 December 1583: William Herle to Lord Burghley, London. In Giordano Bruno and the Embassy Affair, 206–8. Yale University Press, 1991. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1dszzpr.23. {{DEFAULTSORT:Herle, William Year of birth missing 1588 deaths English pirates 16th-century English people English spies 16th-century spies Inmates of the Marshalsea