Wilhelm Freund (January 27, 1806June 4, 1894) was a German

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as th ...

, born at Kempen. He received his education at Berlin and Breslau. For twenty years he was chiefly engaged in private tuition, but from 1855 to 1870, he was director of the Jewish school at Gleiwitz (

Gliwice Gliwice (; german: Gleiwitz) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. The city is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica river (a tributary of the Oder). It lies approximately 25 km west from Katowice, the regional cap ...

) in

Upper Silesia Upper Silesia ( pl, Górny Śląsk; szl, Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; cs, Horní Slezsko; german: Oberschlesien; Silesian German: ; la, Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located ...

. He retired to Breslau (

Wrocław Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, rou ...

) in order to devote himself to his literary pursuits. Besides classical school-books and some works on philology, he compiled an elaborate

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

dictionary in 4 volumes, the ''Wörterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache'' (1834–45), which was the basis of the standard English-Latin dictionaries in the 19th century. It was translated into English by Ethan Allen Andrews in 1850 and revised (with Freund's own assistance) as the basis for

Lewis and Short ''A Latin Dictionary'' (or ''Harpers' Latin Dictionary'', often referred to as Lewis and Short or L&S) is a popular English-language lexicographical work of the Latin language, published by Harper and Brothers of New York in 1879 and printed sim ...

's ''

A Latin Dictionary ''A Latin Dictionary'' (or ''Harpers' Latin Dictionary'', often referred to as Lewis and Short or L&S) is a popular English-language lexicographical work of the Latin language, published by Harper and Brothers of New York in 1879 and printed si ...

''. He also wrote: * ''Wie studiert man Philologie'' (sixth edition by Dieter, Stuttgart, 1903). * ''Tafeln der Litteraturgeschichte'' (1877). * ''Triennium Philologicum'' (third edition, 1906 et seq.). * ''Präparationen zu den griechischen und römischen Klassikern'', (a long work beginning in 1859) * ''Wanderungen auf klassischem Boden'' (1889–92). In addition to his work in

philology Philology () is the study of language in oral and writing, written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defin ...

, Freund was involved in Jewish education and in political activism for the rights of the Jewish community in the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Re ...

, and the ' of 1847 was in great measure the result of his efforts. He died in Breslau.

References

External links

Jewish Encyclopedia: Freund, Wilhelm
(biography) * (https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12342/12342-h/12342-h.htm#F, s.v. "Freund, Wilhelm") * (https://archive.org/stream/newinternationa07gilm#page/824/mode/2up, p. 825, s.v. "Freund, Wilhelm") 1806 births 1894 deaths People from Kępno County German classical scholars German lexicographers 19th-century German Jews People from the Grand Duchy of Posen German male non-fiction writers 19th-century lexicographers {{Germany-academic-bio-stub