William Hugh Clifford Frend (11 January 1916 – 1 August 2005) was an English

ecclesiastical historian __NOTOC__ Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception. Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritua ...

archaeologist Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landsca ...

, and

Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of t ...

priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in partic ...

Academic career

Haileybury College Haileybury may refer to: Australia * Haileybury (Melbourne), a school in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia **Haileybury Rendall School, an offshoot in Berrimah, North Territory, Australia China * Haileybury International School, an international ...

(scholar) *

Keble College Keble College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its main buildings are on Parks Road, opposite the University Museum and the University Parks. The college is bordered to the north by Keble Road, to ...

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

(scholar, BA first class in modern history 1937, MA 1951, DPhil with thesis on Donatists 1940, DD 1966) * Craven Scholarship to study in Berlin (with Hans Lietzmann) and North Africa * Research fellowship at

University of Nottingham , mottoeng = A city is built on wisdom , established = 1798 – teacher training college1881 – University College Nottingham1948 – university status , type = Public , chancellor ...

* Associate Director,

Egypt Exploration Society The Egypt Exploration Society (EES) is a British non-profit organization. The society was founded in 1882 by Amelia Edwards and Reginald Stuart Poole in order to examine and excavate in the areas of Egypt and Sudan. The intent was to study and ana ...

, Q'asr Ibrim, Nubia 1963–64 * Bye Fellow of

Gonville and Caius College Gonville and Caius College, often referred to simply as Caius ( ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of th ...

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...

(BD 1964) * Fellow and

university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United Stat ...

lecturer in

divinity Divinity or the divine are things that are either related to, devoted to, or proceeding from a deity.divine< ...

. During this time

the Prince of Wales Prince of Wales ( cy, Tywysog Cymru, ; la, Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. Prior to the conquest by Edward I in the 13th century, it was used by the rulers o ...

, then reading archaeology and anthropology at

Trinity The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God th ...

, was one of his students. * Professor of Ecclesiastical History, and Dean of the Faculty of Divinity, in the

University of Glasgow , image = UofG Coat of Arms.png , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of arms Flag , latin_name = Universitas Glasguensis , motto = la, Via, Veritas, Vita , ...

1969–84 (Emeritus 1984–2005) * Chairman,

Association of University Teachers The Association of University Teachers (AUT) was the trade union and professional association that represented academic (teaching and research) and academic-related (librarians, IT professionals and senior administrators) staff at pre-1992 ...

1976–78 * Frend once stood for local government as

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...

candidate in Cambridge * In the 1980s he worked at Carthage with a team from the

University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...

* In retirement was again elected Bye Fellow of Caius and in his last years wrote a new book about the early life of Augustine

Military career

* Assistant Principal, War Office 1940 * Seconded to Cabinet Office and served on Committees for Allied Supplies and the Free French * Liaison officer, Psychological Warfare Branch, Tunis * Service in Austria for 18 months * Italy *

Commissioned officer An officer is a person who holds a position of authority as a member of an armed force or uniformed service. Broadly speaking, "officer" means a commissioned officer, a non-commissioned officer, or a warrant officer. However, absent contex ...

, Queen's Royal Regiment 1947–67

Ministry

Frend inclined towards the low church tradition. He was a sometimes reluctant liberal who cautiously supported the

ordination of women The ordination of women to ministerial or priestly office is an increasingly common practice among some contemporary major religious groups. It remains a controversial issue in certain Christian traditions and most denominations in which "ordin ...

but criticised Bishop David Jenkins of Durham over his non-traditional ideas about Christmas. He was considered a good and humble pastor and an enlightening, if theologically unconventional, preacher. * Reader 1956–82 * Ordained deacon in the

Scottish Episcopal Church The Scottish Episcopal Church ( gd, Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba; sco, Scots Episcopal(ian) Kirk) is the ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Communion in Scotland. A continuation of the Church of Scotland as intended by King James VI, and ...

1982 * Non stipendiary minister,

Aberfoyle Aberfoyle may refer to: *Aberfoyle, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland *Aberfoyle, Stirling, Scotland * Aberfoyle, Ontario, Canada *Aberfoyle, Texas Aberfoyle is an Unincorporated area, unincorporated community in Hunt County, Texas, Hunt Count ...

1982–84 * Ordained priest in the

1983 * Priest-in-charge, Barnwell with Thurning and Luddington 1984–90 *

Permission to officiate A permission to officiate (PTO), also known as a licence to officiate, is a concessionary ministry licence granted by an Anglican bishop. It is most commonly issued to a retired deacon, priest, or lay reader over the age of 70 years. It allows th ...

in the

Diocese of Ely The Diocese of Ely is a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury. It is headed by the Bishop of Ely, who sits at Ely Cathedral in Ely, Cambridgeshire, Ely. There is one suffragan bishop, suffragan (subordinate) bishop, the Bish ...

1990–2005 * Until his death, he continued to take two services every month

Public recognition

* Złoty Krzyż Zasługi z Mieczami (Gold Cross of Merit with Swords), Government of the Polish Republic in Exile *

Territorial Efficiency Decoration __NOTOC__ The Territorial Decoration (TD) was a military medal of the United Kingdom awarded for long service in the Territorial Force and its successor, the Territorial Army. This award superseded the Volunteer Officer's Decoration when the ...

1959 *

Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context. In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements. Within the context of higher education ...

1952 *

Fellow of the Royal Historical Society A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context. In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements. Within the context of higher education ...

1954 * President of the Ecclesiastical History Society (1971-72) * D.D. ''honoris causa'',

University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted a royal charter by King James VI in 1 ...

1974 *

Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". This socie ...

1979 *

Fellow of the British Academy Fellowship of the British Academy (FBA) is an award granted by the British Academy to leading academics for their distinction in the humanities and social sciences. The categories are: # Fellows – scholars resident in the United Kingdom # ...

1983 * He set up and financed the Frend Medal, awarded by the Society of Antiquaries for archaeology, history and topography of the early Christian Church. Recipients include

Harold McCarter Taylor Harold McCarter Taylor, (13 May 1907 – 23 October 1995) was a New Zealand-born British mathematician, theoretical physicist and academic administrator, but is best known as a historian of architecture and the author, with his first wife Joan Ta ...

and Charles Thomas (1981),

Philip Rahtz Philip Arthur Rahtz (11 March 1921 – 2 June 2011) was a British archaeologist. Rahtz was born in Bristol. After leaving Bristol Grammar School, he became an accountant before serving with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. D ...

(2003), Günter P. Gehring (2000) Birthe Kjølbye-Biddle (1986), Nancy Gauthier (2002), and Samuel Turner 2004.

Family

Frend was married to Mary Grace (née Crook; 1951–2002). They had one son, Simon, and one daughter, Sally. His father was a priest of

high church The term ''high church'' refers to beliefs and practices of Christian ecclesiology, liturgy, and theology that emphasize formality and resistance to modernisation. Although used in connection with various Christian traditions, the term originate ...

persuasion.

Major works

* ''The Donatist Church: A Movement of Protest in Roman North Africa'' (1952) * ''Martyrdom and Persecution in the Early Church'' (1965) * ''The Rise of the Monophysite Movement'' (1972) * ''The Rise of Christianity'' (1984)

Works and publications

* ''The Donatist Church: A Movement of Protest in Roman North Africa'', 1952 * ''Early Church'', 1964 * ''Martyrdom and Persecution in the Early Church'', 1965 * ''Saints & Sinners in the Early Church: Differing & Conflicting Traditions in the First Six Centuries'', 1970 * ''The Rise of the Monophysite Movement'', 1972 * ''Religion, Popular and Unpopular in the Early Christian Centuries'', 1976 * ''Town and Country in the Early Christian Centuries'', 1980 * ''The Rise of Christianity'', 1984 * ''Archaeology and History in the Study of Early Christianity'', 1988 * ''The Archaeology of Early Christianity: A History'', 1996 * ''Orthodoxy, Paganism and Dissent in the Early Christian Centuries'', 2002 * ''From Dogma to History: How Our Understanding of the Early Church Developed'', 2003

Works co-authored with J. Stevenson

* ''A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to AD 337''
J. Stevenson (Editor of the 1957 First Edition), William H. C. Frend (Co-Revisor for the 1987 Second Edition) * ''Creeds, Councils and Controversies: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church, AD 337–461''
J. Stevenson (Editor of the 1966 First Edition), William H. C. Frend (Co-Revisor for the 1989 Second Edition)

References

External links

''Church Times'' obituary

''Telegraph'' obituary

''The Times'' obituary

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frend, William Hugh Clifford 1916 births 2005 deaths Fellows of the Royal Historical Society Alumni of Keble College, Oxford Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London Fellows of the British Academy Presidents of the Ecclesiastical History Society Academics of the University of Glasgow 20th-century English Anglican priests English Christians Anglican scholars Scottish Episcopalian priests Historians of Christianity 20th-century English historians British historians of religion