Chlamydomonadales, also known as Volvocales, are an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

flagellate A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and thei ...

d or pseudociliated

green algae The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/ Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emerged deep in the Charophyte alga ...

, specifically of the

Chlorophyceae The Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. They are usually green due to the dominance of pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The chloroplast may be discoid, ...

.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Chlamydomonadales
Data extracted from the Chlamydomonadales can form planar or spherical colonies. These vary from ''

Gonium ''Gonium'' is a genus of colonial algae, a member of the order Chlamydomonadales. Typical colonies have 4 to 16 cells, all the same size, arranged in a flat plate, with no anterior-posterior differentiation. In a colony of 16 cells, four are ...

'' (four to 32 cells) up to ''

Volvox ''Volvox'' is a polyphyletic genus of chlorophyte green algae in the family Volvocaceae. It forms spherical colonies of up to 50,000 cells. They live in a variety of freshwater habitats, and were first reported by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 170 ...

'' (500 cells or more). Each cell has two

flagella A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates. A microorganism may have fro ...

, and is similar in appearance to ''

Chlamydomonas ''Chlamydomonas'' is a genus of green algae consisting of about 150 speciesSmith, G.M. 1955 ''Cryptogamic Botany Volume 1. Algae and Fungi'' McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc of unicellular flagellates, found in stagnant water and on damp soil, ...

'', with the flagella throughout the colony moving in coordination. Both asexual and

sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete ( haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote th ...

occur. In the former, cells divide until they form new colonies, which are then released. In the smaller forms, typically all cells are involved, but larger forms have anterior vegetative and posterior reproductive cells. Sexual reproduction varies from

isogamy Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of the same morphology (indistinguishable in shape and size), found in most unicellular eukaryotes. Because both gametes look alike, they generally cannot be classified as male or ...

(both genders produce flagellated

gamete A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. In species that produce ...

s of equal size) to

oogamy Oogamy is an extreme form of anisogamy where the gametes differ in both size and form. In oogamy the large female gamete (also known as ovum) is immobile, while the small male gamete (also known as sperm) is mobile. Oogamy is a common form of an ...

(one gender produces a much larger, nonmotile gamete). The classification of the Chlamydomonadales varies. Very often they are taken to include the orders Volvocales and Dunallielales, which contain closely related unicellular flagellates, as suborders. Colony inversion is believed to have arisen twice in this order. Spheroidal colony formation differs between the two lineages: rotation of daughter protoplasts during successive cell divisions in Astrephomene, and inversion after cell divisions in the Volvocaceae.Yamashita S, Arakaki Y, Kawai-Toyooka H, Noga A, Hirono M, Nozaki H
Alternative evolution of a spheroidal colony in volvocine algae: developmentalanalysis of embryogenesis in Astrephomene (Volvocales, Chlorophyta).
BMC Evol Biol. 2016 Nov 9;16(1):243. PubMed ; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5103382. CC-BY icon

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Doi 10

Families

AlgaeBase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine and freshwater, as well as sea-grass. History AlgaeBase began in March 1996, founded by Michael Guiry. Text was copied from this source, which is avail ...

accepted the following families: *

Actinochloridaceae Actinochloridaceae is a family of green algae, in the order Chlamydomonadales. Genera , AlgaeBase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both seaweed, marine and freshwater algae, freshwater, as well as ...

Korshikov *

Asteromonadaceae Asteromonadaceae are a family of algae in the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes ...

Péterfi * Carteriaceae Pascher *

Characiochloridaceae Characiochloridaceae is a family of green algae in the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National In ...

Skuja * Characiosiphonaceae Iyengar *

Chlamydomonadaceae Chlamydomonadaceae is a family of algae within the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Chlamydomonadaceae Data extracted from the Genera As accepted by WoRMS; * '' Agloë'' * ''Brachiomonas'' * '' Carteria'' * '' Cercidium'' ...

F.Stein * Chlorangiellaceae Bourrelly ex Fott * Chlorochytriaceae Setchell & N.L.Gardner * Chlorococcaceae Blackman & Tansley *

Chlorosarcinaceae Chlorosarcinaceae is a family of chlorophyte green algae, in the order Chlamydomonadales. Genera , AlgaeBase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both seaweed, marine and freshwater algae, freshwater ...

Bourrelly ex Groover & Bold *

Dunaliellaceae Dunaliellaceae is a family of algae in the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Dunaliellaceae Data extracted from the Genera As accepted by GBIF; * '' Aulacomonas'' (1) * ''Dunaliella ''Dunaliella'' is a single-celled, photosy ...

T.A.Christensen *

Goniaceae Goniaceae is a family of algae in the order Chlamydomonadales, that includes the genera ''Astrephomene'' and ''Gonium''. Members of the Goniaceae are distinguished from those of the Volvocaceae by having each cell surrounded by a tripartite bound ...

(Pascher) Pascher * Haematococcaceae G.M.Smith * Hormotilaceae Korshikov * Hypnomonadaceae Korshikov * Palmellaceae Decaisne * Palmellopsidaceae Korshikov * Phacotaceae Francé * Pleurastraceae K.R.Mattox & K.D.Stewart * Protosiphonaceae Blackman & Tansley * Sphaerocystidaceae Fott ex Tsarenko * Sphaerodictyaceae C.-C.Jao * Spondylomoraceae Korshikov *

Tetrabaenaceae Tetrabaenaceae is a family of green algae in the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institut ...

H.Nozaki & M.Ito * Tetrasporaceae Wittrock * Volvocaceae Ehrenberg * Wislouchiaceae Molinari & Guiry

References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q8345469, from2=Q1067225 Chlorophyta orders Chlorophyceae