Early life
Lester Anthony Minnelli was born on February 28, 1903, to Marie Émilie Odile Lebeau and Vincent Charles Minnelli. He was baptized in Chicago, and was the youngest of four known sons, only two of whom survived to adulthood. His mother's stage name was Mina Gennell, and his father was the Conducting, musical conductor of Minnelli Brothers' Tent Theater. His mother was born in Chicago and was of French Canadians, French-Canadian descent with a probability of Anishinaabe lineage through her mother, who was born on Mackinac Island, Michigan. The family toured small towns primarily in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, before settling in Delaware, Ohio. His paternal grandfather, Vincenzo Minnelli, and great-uncle, Domenico Minnelli, both List of people from Sicily, Sicilian Revolutionary, revolutionaries, were forced to leave Sicily after the collapse of the provisional Sicilian government that arose from the Sicilian revolution of independence of 1848, 1848 revolution against Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II and Bourbon rule. Domenico Minnelli had been Vice-Chancellor of the Gran Corte Civile in Palermo at the time he helped organize the January 12, 1848, uprising there. After the Bourbon return to power Vincenzo reportedly hid in the Catacombe dei Cappuccini, catacombs of Palermo for 18 months before being successfully smuggled onto a New York-bound fruit Steamship, steamer. While traveling as a piano demonstrator for Wm. Knabe & Co., Knabe Pianos, Vincenzo met his future wife Nina Picket during a stop in Delaware, Ohio. Vincenzo was a Music education, music teacher and composer. Both the Library of Congress, U.S. Library of Congress and the Newberry Library in Chicago have Vincenzo (aka Vincent) Minnelli compositions in their collections.Career
Following his high school graduation, Minnelli moved to Chicago, where he lived briefly with his maternal grandmother and an aunt. His first job was at Marshall Field's department store as a window dresser. He later worked as a photographer for Paul Stone, who specialized in photographing actors from Chicago Loop, Chicago's theater district. His interest in the theater grew and he was greatly interested in art and immersed himself in books on the subject. Minnelli's first job in the theater was at the Chicago Theatre where he worked as a Costume design, costume and Scenic design, set designer. Owned by Balaban and Katz, the theater chain soon merged with a bigger national chain of Paramount Pictures#History, Paramount-Publix and Minnelli sometimes found himself assigned to work on shows in New York City. He soon left Chicago and rented a tiny Greenwich Village apartment. He was eventually employed at Radio City Music Hall shortly after its 1932 opening as a set designer and worked his way up to stage director – he was also tasked to serve as a color consultant for the original interior design of the Rainbow Room. After leaving Radio City Music Hall, the first play Minnelli directed was a musical revue for the Shubert family, Shuberts titled ''At Home Abroad'' which opened in October 1935 and starred Beatrice Lillie, Ethel Waters, and Eleanor Powell. The revue was well received and enjoyed a two-year run. Minnelli later worked on ''Ziegfeld Follies of 1936, The Ziegfeld Follies of 1936'', ''Hooray for What!'', ''Very Warm for May'', and ''The Show is On''. Minnelli's reputation grew and he was offered a job at MGM in 1940 by producer Arthur Freed. With his background in theatre, Minnelli was known as an auteur who always brought his stage experience to his films. The first film that he directed, ''Cabin in the Sky (film), Cabin in the Sky'' (1943), was visibly influenced by the theater. Shortly after that, he directed ''I Dood It'' (also 1943) with Red Skelton and ''Meet Me in St. Louis'' (1944), during which he fell in love with the film's star, Judy Garland. They had first met on the set of ''Strike Up the Band (film), Strike Up the Band'' (1940), a Busby Berkeley film for which Minnelli was asked to design a musical sequence performed by Garland and Mickey Rooney. They began a courtship that eventually led to their marriage in June 1945. Their one child together, Liza Minnelli, grew up to become an Academy Awards, Academy Award-winning actress and singer. The Minnelli family is thus unique in that father, mother and child all won Academy Awards, Oscars. Known as the director of musical film, musicals, including ''An American in Paris (film), An American in Paris'' (1951), ''Brigadoon (film), Brigadoon'' (1954), ''Kismet (1955 film), Kismet'' (1955), and ''Gigi (1958 film), Gigi'' (1958), he also directed comedies and melodramas, including ''Madame Bovary (1949 film), Madame Bovary'' (1949), ''Father of the Bride (1950 film), Father of the Bride'' (1950), ''The Bad and the Beautiful'' (1952), ''The Long, Long Trailer'' (1954), ''Lust for Life (1956 film), Lust for Life'' (1956), ''Designing Woman'' (1957), and ''The Courtship of Eddie's Father (film), The Courtship of Eddie's Father'' (1963). His last film was ''A Matter of Time (film), A Matter of Time'' (1976). During the course of his career he directed seven different actors in Academy Award, Oscar-nominated performances: Spencer Tracy, Gloria Grahame, Kirk Douglas, Anthony Quinn, Arthur Kennedy (actor), Arthur Kennedy, Shirley MacLaine and Martha Hyer. Grahame and Quinn won. Minnelli received an Oscar nomination as Academy Award for Best Director, Best Director for ''An American in Paris (film), An American in Paris'' (1951) and later won the Best Director Oscar for ''Gigi (1958 film), Gigi'' (1958). According to Peter Bart in his book ''The Gross'', Minnelli's films having 11 first-place finishes on Variety (magazine), Variety's opening release box office rankings. He was awarded France's highest civilian honor, Commandeur of the Legion of Honor, only weeks before his death in 1986. Minnelli's critical reputation has known a certain amount of fluctuation, being admired (or dismissed) in America as a "pure stylist" who, in Andrew Sarris' words, "believes more in beauty than in art." Alan Jay Lerner (of Lerner and Loewe) described Minnelli as, "the greatest director of motion picture musicals the screen has ever seen." His work reached a height of Critics, critical attention during the late 1950s and early 1960s in France with extensive studies in the ''Cahiers du Cinéma'' magazine, especially in the articles by Jean Douchet and Jean Domarchi, who saw in him "a cinematic visionary obsessed with beauty and harmony", and "an artist who could give substance to the world of dreams". Minnelli served as a juror at the 1967 Cannes Film Festival. The MGM compilation film ''That's Entertainment!'' showed clips from many of his films. On February 8, 1960, Minnelli received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry at 6676 Hollywood Boulevard.Personal life
Minnelli's marriages were as follows: * Judy Garland (June 15, 1945 – March 29, 1951), the marriage ended in divorce – one child, Liza Minnelli, Liza May Minnelli (born 1946) * Georgette Magnani (February 1, 1954 – January 1, 1958), the marriage ended in divorce – one child, Christiane Nina Minnelli (born 1955) * Danica ("Denise") Radosavljević Gay Giulianelli de Gigante (January 15, 1962 – August 1, 1971), the marriage ended in divorce * Margaretta Lee Anderson (April 1, 1980 – July 25, 1986), his fourth and final marriage; they remained married for six years until Minnelli's death in 1986. She died in 2009 at the age of 100. For years, there was speculation in the entertainment community that Minnelli was gay or Bisexuality, bisexual. A biography by Emanuel Levy, ''Vincente Minnelli: Hollywood's Dark Dreamer'', claims evidence that Minnelli did, in fact, live as an openly gay man in New York prior to his arrival in Hollywood, where the town that made him a film legend also pressured him back into the closet. According to Levy: "He was openly gay in New York – we were able to document names of companions and stories from Dorothy Parker. But when he came to Hollywood, I think he made the decision to repress that part of himself or to become bisexual." Lester Gaba, a retail display designer who knew Minnelli in New York, was reported to have frequently claimed having an affair with Minnelli, although the same person who related Gaba's claim also admitted that Gaba "was known to embellish quite a bit." Minnelli reportedly had an affair with Lena Horne while making ''Cabin in the Sky (film), Cabin in the Sky''. He had a pacemaker fitted on Christmas in 1982.Death
Minnelli died in his Beverly Hills, California, Beverly Hills home, on July 25, 1986, aged 83, of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema and pneumonia, which had caused him to be repeatedly hospitalized in his final year. He reportedly also suffered from Alzheimer's disease. He is interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale), Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Minnelli left an estate valued at slightly over US$1.1 million, the bulk of which was left to his daughter, Liza. He bequeathed US$100,000 and his home in Beverly Hills to his widow.Filmography
Theatre credits
Published works
*See also
References
Further reading
* * * * * McElhaney, Joe. ''The Death of Classical Cinema: Hitchcock, Lang, Minnelli''. Albany: SUNY Press, 2006. * McElhaney, Joe (ed). ''Vincente Minnelli: The Art of Entertainment''. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2009. * * *External links