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Victor Zorza (born Israel Wermuth; 19 October 1925 – 20 March 1996) was a Polish born
journalist
A journalist is an individual that collects/gathers information in form of text, audio, or pictures, processes them into a news-worthy form, and disseminates it to the public. The act or process mainly done by the journalist is called journalis ...
who contributed to the West's understanding of the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
, and was later known for pioneering work promoting
palliative care
Palliative care (derived from the Latin root , or 'to cloak') is an interdisciplinary medical caregiving approach aimed at optimizing quality of life and mitigating suffering among people with serious, complex, and often terminal illnesses. Wit ...
in Russia.
Early life
Israel Wermuth was born on 19 October 1925, in the small town of Kołomyja, Stanislawowskie in eastern Poland (now
Kolomyia
Kolomyia, formerly known as Kolomea ( ua, Коломия, Kolomyja, ; pl, Kołomyja; german: Kolomea; ro, Colomeea; yi, ), is a city located on the Prut River in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province), in western Ukraine. It serves as the adm ...
in
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
). His parents were Polish Jews who owned a shop in the town. In 1939, after the Red Army invaded eastern Poland, the Soviets declared the family as
bourgeois, and confiscated their shop. As the Germans swept into Poland in 1941, the 15-year-old fled eastward as his family was rounded up and sent to the Kolomyja ghetto, and then to Belzec death camp. (His younger sister,
Rut Wermuth, escaped from the Nazi train to Belzec, survived the war working under false identity as a factory worker and maid inside Germany, and was reunited with Victor in 1994.)
Zorza fled east with the retreating Russians, and was forced to dig trenches with prisoners of war. During this time he narrowly escaped a German air strike, which killed many others in his group. An accident during this time left him with total amnesia, and he never completely recovered his memory. Caught up in the flow of refugees, Zorza was sent to a Soviet work camp in the east. He escaped but was captured and returned. His second escape was more successful, and with help from the author
Ilya Ehrenburg
Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (russian: link=no, Илья́ Григо́рьевич Эренбу́рг, ; – August 31, 1967) was a Soviet writer, revolutionary, journalist and historian.
Ehrenburg was among the most prolific and notable autho ...
, Zorza was able to join up with a
Polish Air Force unit that was being formed. He was evacuated to the UK via Iran and India.
After the war ended, Zorza joined the British Broadcasting Corporation (
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
) monitoring service in 1948. He monitored and reported on news from the Soviet bloc. Zorza met Rosemary Wilson, and they married in 1949. They had two children, Richard (born 1949) and Jane (born 1952)
Life details from timeline in the book "Victor Zorza: A life amid Loss" Wright M Observatory Publications - (2006) " pp 262-268
Journalist
Zorza began writing freelance for ''
The Manchester Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
'' in 1950 and joined their staff in 1956. He was soon discovered to be a canny analyst of the inner workings of the Soviet Union. He made a series of bold predictions that proved to be accurate and for which he gained considerable respect. In 1956, Zorza's first article was published in
The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large nati ...
. Victor was one of the first analysts to predict the
Sino-Soviet split
The Sino-Soviet split was the breaking of political relations between the China, People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union caused by Doctrine, doctrinal divergences that arose from their different interpretations and practical applications ...
. In 1968, he was awarded the prestigious IPC National Press Awards Journalist of the Year award "for forecasting with astonishing accuracy and against the flow of informed opinion the
invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union."
The Hospice movement
In 1977, Zorza's daughter, Jane, aged 25, died of cancer in the "Sir Michael Sobell House"
hospice. The experience of losing their daughter led to Victor and Rosemary writing an article for
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
called "Death of a Daughter". The article was read with much interest and in 1981, they published "A Way to Die", a book detailing their experiences. During a visit to India, Jane had challenged Victor to leave the world of international relations, and instead inform the world about the struggle to survive in the poverty of the developing world. Perhaps partly in tribute to Jane's concern for the poor, Victor went to India, and lived in a remote village in the north called Lakhamandal, accessible only by a precarious hand-pulled cable car across the fast flowing
Jamuna River
The Jamuna River ( bn, যমুনা ''Jomuna'') is one of the three main rivers of Bangladesh. It is the lower stream of the Brahmaputra River, which originates in Tibet as Yarlung Tsangpo, before flowing into India and then southwest into ...
. He wrote a regular column in
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
called "Village Voice" in which he turned his keen analytical skills from the world stage to the equally complicated and intriguing interpersonal and inter-caste relationships in the village.
In India, and in his advocacy for the hospice movement, Zorza found new purpose in life and in 1992, a story called "The Four Missions of Victor Zorza" was published in Reader's Digest. Zorza established "The British Russian Hospice Society" whose advocacy in 1990 led to the building Russia's first hospice in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad). In 1991 Rosemary decided to part ways with Victor; his demanding schedule and international travels had preventing him from supporting her in her battle with
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms becom ...
. She married Peter Varney and lived with him until her death in 2000.
[Rosemary Varney Obituar]
The Guardian, 22 February 2000 Retrieved 2010-06-17 In 1993, Victor met Eileen Lerche-Thomsen, and she became his life partner, supporting him until his death. Along with Eileen, Victor was energetic in raising funds and awareness for hospices and palliative care in Russia, including the construction of the first hospice in Moscow in 1996.
Zorza had heart problems for much of his later life beginning in the late 70s. He had multiple heart bypass surgeries beginning in 1979, and was restricted in his diet. In January 1996, he had a stent fitted to his heart, and on 20 March 1996, he died at Hammersmith Hospital after his third heart bypass operation.
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Zorza, Victor
British male journalists
1925 births
1996 deaths
20th-century Polish Jews
Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom