Vicente Bacallar y Sanna
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Vicente Bacallar y Sanna, 1st Marquess of San Felipe, later italianized into ''Vincenzo Bacallar Sanna'' (
Cagliari Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...
, island now belonging to
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
), 6 February 1669 –
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
(
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
), 11 June 1726). He was a Sardinian
nobleman Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristi ...
,
military officer An officer is a person who holds a position of authority as a member of an armed force or uniformed service. Broadly speaking, "officer" means a commissioned officer, a non-commissioned officer, or a warrant officer. However, absent context ...
,
linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...
, historian, politician and ambassador of the
Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire ( es, link=no, Imperio español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Católica) was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its prede ...
. He was born to a noble Sardinian family when the
kingdom of Sardinia The Kingdom of Sardinia,The name of the state was originally Latin: , or when the kingdom was still considered to include Corsica. In Italian it is , in French , in Sardinian , and in Piedmontese . also referred to as the Kingdom of Savoy-S ...
was part of the
Spanish crown , coatofarms = File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg , coatofarms_article = Coat of arms of the King of Spain , image = Felipe_VI_in_2020_(cropped).jpg , incumbent = Felipe VI , incumbentsince = 19 Ju ...
.


Biography

He belonged to a noble Sardinian family originating from
Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...
. When he was young, he probably fled to Spain, where he got an attentive military and policy education. He was appointed by
Charles II of Spain Charles II of Spain (''Spanish: Carlos II,'' 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (''Spanish: El Hechizado''), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War o ...
governor of the Cape of Cagliari and
Gallura Gallura ( sdn, Gaddura or ; sc, Caddura ) is a region in North-Eastern Sardinia, Italy. The name ''Gallùra'' is allegedly supposed to mean "stony area". Geography Gallùra has a surface of and it is situated between 40°55'20"64 latitude ...
and military governor of Sardinia. During the
war of the Spanish succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Phil ...
, when Sardinian
aristocracy Aristocracy (, ) is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocracy (class), aristocrats. The term derives from the el, αριστοκρατία (), meaning 'rule of the best'. At t ...
divided between Philip of Anjou (of the
house of Bourbon The House of Bourbon (, also ; ) is a European dynasty of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Spanis ...
) and Charles of Habsburg, Bacallar was loyal to the heir designated by Carles II, Philip of Anjou, who became king as Philip V. Due to his loyalty, the king awarded him as Marquess of San Felipe (Marqués de San Felipe, in Spanish; not a feudal title, but given in homage to the king's
patron Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists su ...
saint In religious belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of Q-D-Š, holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and Christian denomination, denominat ...
) and Viscount of Fuentehermosa (Fuente Hermosa de Miranda, fief in the
kingdom of Navarre The Kingdom of Navarre (; , , , ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (), was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France. The medieval state took ...
) in 1709. When the kingdom of Sardinia surrendered to Archduke Charles, he had to fly to Spain, without giving up the hope to re-conquer Sardinia. The
treaty of Utrecht The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne o ...
(1714), where he had been part of the Spanish delegation, decided for
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...
to be part of the
Austrian crown The crown (german: Krone, hu, korona, it, Corona, pl, korona, sl, krona, sh, kruna, cz, koruna, sk, koruna, ro, coroană) was the official currency of Austria-Hungary from 1892 (when it replaced the florin as part of the adoption of the ...
. Aftermath he was appointed as an envoy plenipotentiary at the
republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( lij, Repúbrica de Zêna ; it, Repubblica di Genova; la, Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the 11th century to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast. During the Lat ...
, from where he supported the attempt by
cardinal Alberoni Giulio Alberoni (30 May 1664 OS – 26 June NS 1752) was an Italian cardinal and statesman in the service of Philip V of Spain. Early years He was born near Piacenza, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola d'Arda in the Duchy of Parma. His fathe ...
to re-conquer Sardinia to the Spanish crown. The island was actually conquered in 1717, but had to be left in 1720 (
War of the Quadruple Alliance The War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720) was caused by Spanish attempts to recover territories in Italy (geographical region), Italy ceded in the 1713 Peace of Utrecht. Largely focused on Sicily, it included minor engagements in North Amer ...
) and was acquired by the
Dukes of Savoy The titles of count, then of duke of Savoy are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy. Since its creation, in the 11th century, the county was held by the House of Savoy. The County of Savoy was elevated to a duchy at the ...
. Meanwhile, Vicente Bacallar dedicated to a strong intellectual activity: in 1713 he founded – with other intellectuals – the
Real Academia Española The Royal Spanish Academy ( es, Real Academia Española, generally abbreviated as RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with ...
, where he hold the seat N and cooperated to its first dictionary, that would be published in 1726. He wrote the short poem ''Las Tobias'' (''The Tobies'', 1709), the poem ''El Palacio de Momo'' (''Momo's Palace'', 1714), the treaty ''Monarchia Hebrea'' (''The Hebrew Monarchy'', 1719) and historical works, such as ''Description geographique, historique et politique du royaume de Sardaigne'' (''Geographical, historical and political description of the Kingdom of Sardinia''). About the war of the Spanish succession he wrote ''Commentarios de la guerra de España y historia de su Rey Phelipe V el Animoso desde el principio de su regnado hasta la paz general del año 1725'' (''Commentaries of the war of Spain and history of its king Philip V the Brave since the beginning of his kingdom to the general peace of the year 1725'', 1726).Comentarios de la guerra de España e historia de su rey Felipe V, El Animoso
/ref> In this work, asked by his monarch, the Marquis intended to inform about the facts happened in and outside Spain during the war objectively. His objectiveness is proved by the respect used with regard to both parties. Doubtless, the work was not appreciated by the power and the first edition – published in
Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...
– was retired from the market. In 1724 he was appointed as ambassador in the Netherlands, with the aim of convincing them to remain neutral, where he died two years after due to a stroke. He left a library of sixteen-thousands volumes.


References


Bibliography

* * Giuseppe Manno, ''Storia di Sardegna'', Alliana e Paravia, Turin, 1825–1827, vol. III, pp. 497–501 * Pasquale Tola, ''Dizionario biografico degli uomini illustri di Sardegna'', Chirio e Mina, Turin, 1837–38, vol. I, pp. 109–114 * Eduardo Toda y Güell, ''Bibliografía española de Cerdeña'', Huérfanos, Madrid, 1890, pp. 204–205, nn. 585-587 * Carlos Seco Serrano, ''El reinado de Felipe V en los Comentarios del marqués de San Felipe (estudio preliminar)'', Atlas, Madrid, 1957, pp. V–LXXIX *Joaquín Arce, ''España en Cerdeña : aportación cultural y testimonios de su influjo'', Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas, Instituto Jeronimo Zurita, Madrid, 1960, p. 305 * Marisa Cocco–Angioy, ''Vicente Bacallar: la poesía del diplomático sardo-ispanico del secolo XVIII'', Pisano, Cagliari, 1983 * Alessandra Pasolini, ''Un coleccionista sardo en la Europa del siglo XVIII: el marqués Vicente Bacallar Sanna, plenipotenciario y embajador de Felipe V en Holanda", Artegraf, Madrid, 2008 (extracto de "Boletin de la real academia de la historia", tomo 205, cuaderno 2, pp. 251–282) * Sabine Enders, "Il regno di Sardegna, il duca di Baviera e Vincenzo Bacallar Sanna. Storia di un libro" , in Vincenzo Bacallar Sanna (Sabine Enders editor), ''La Sardegna paraninfa della pace e un piano segreto per la sovranità 1712-1714'', Stuttgart, Masala, 2011, pp. 11–73 *


External links


Biography of the Marquess of Saint Philip
in the ''Catalogo storico ragionato degli scrittori sardi del Settecento'' (''Historical and discussed catalogue of Sardinian writers of the 17th century'')
Various news
in ''Genealogie – Alberi genealogici – Albero genealogico della famiglia Bacallar'', in ''Genealogie – Alberi genealogici – Albero genealogico della famiglia Amat'', in ''La nobiltà in Sardegna – Acquisizione e consolidamento del patrimonio feudale attraverso logiche familiari: gli Amat'' and the catalogue of his library in ''Documenti – Inventari/altri documenti – La biblioteca di Vincenzo Bacallar''
Vincenzo Bacallar Sanna, ''La Sardegna paraninfa della pace e un piano segreto per la sovranità 1712–1714.'' A cura di Sabine Enders, Stoccarda 2011, Giovanni Masala Verlag, trad. dal francese e dal tedesco di Cesarina De Montis e Giovanni Masala. Giovanni Masala Dessì


Note

This article is mainly the translation of the one in the Spanish version. {{DEFAULTSORT:Bacallar, Vicente 1669 births 1726 deaths History of Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia People from Cagliari Spanish politicians Spanish monarchists 17th-century Spanish writers 17th-century Spanish people 18th-century Spanish people Members of the Royal Spanish Academy Ambassadors of Spain to the Netherlands