Venetian cuisine

Venetian cuisine, from the city of Venice, Italy
or more widely from the region of Veneto, has a centuries-long history and differs significantly from other cuisines of northern Italy (notably Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol), and of neighbouring Austria and of Slavic countries (notably Slovenia and Croatia), despite sharing some commonalities.

Overview

Cuisine in Veneto may be divided into three main categories, based on geography: the coastal areas, the plains, and the mountains. Each one (especially the plains) can have many local cuisines, each city with its own dishes.

The most common dish is ''polenta'', which is cooked in various ways within the local cuisines of Veneto. Polenta once was the universal staple food of the poorer classes, who could afford little else. In Veneto, the corns are ground in much smaller fragments in comparison with the rest of Italy: so, when cooked, it resembles a pudding.

Typical of many coastal areas, communities along the coast of the Laguna Veneta serve mainly seafood dishes.

In the plains it is very popular to serve grilled meat (often by a barbecue, and in a mix of pork, beef and chicken meat) together with grilled polenta, potatoes or vegetables. Other popular dishes include ''risotto'', rice cooked with many different kinds of food, from vegetables, mushrooms, pumpkin or '' radicchio'' to seafood, pork meat or chicken livers. ''Bigoli'' (a typical Venetian fresh pasta, similar to ''Udon''), ''fettuccine'' (hand-made noodles), '' ravioli'' and the similar ''tortelli'' (filled with meat, cheese, vegetables or pumpkin) and ''gnocchi'' (potatoes-made fresh pasta), are fresh and often hand-made pasta dishes (made of eggs and wheat flour), served together with meat sauce (''ragù'') often made with duck meat, sometimes together with mushrooms or peas, or simply with melted butter.

Cuisine from the mountain areas is mainly made of pork or game meat, with polenta, as well as mushrooms or cheeses (made by cow milk), and some dish from Austrian or Tyrolese tradition, such as '' canederli'' or '' strudel''. A typical dish is '' casunziei'', hand-made fresh pasta similar to ''ravioli''.

Among the typical seasoning of Venetian cuisine, you can find butter, olive oil, sunflower oil, vinegar, ''kren'', '' senape'', ''mostarda'', ''salsa verde''.

The following are dishes typical of the three subregions of the Veneto. The page for Venetian language provides additional information on writing and pronouncing the dishes' names.

Venice and the lagoon

*'' Bigołi in salsa'': bigoli pasta served with an anchovy and onion sauce.
*''Fegato ała venesiana'': a high-class Venetian plate of liver, chopped and cooked together with chopped onions.
*''Mołeche'': fried soft-shell crab of the species ('' Carcinus maenas''). ''Mołeche'' are very valuable because the process of molting in the brackish lagoons only lasts a few hours, after which the shell hardens and the crab is again called ''maxenete''.
*''Pasta e faxioi'': bean soup with noodles (typically long pasta rough).
*''Połenta e schie'': small shrimp from the lagoon (gray mud, gray-brown from boiled), fried and perched on a bed of very soft, white polenta.
*''Rixi e bixi'': a poor but tasty dish consisting of a simple risotto with pancetta and peas cooked in a broth.
*''Rixoto de gò'': rice prepared with goby (of the Gobius ophiocephalus species), also known as ''gò'', typical fish of the Venetian Lagoon.
*''Sarde in saor'': fried sardines, dipped in partially fried onion in the same oil in which the sardines are fried, raisins and pine nuts (traditionally only by winter to increase the calories), other spices and sprinkled with plenty of vinegar. One leaves everything to marinate at least one night.
*''Sepe al nero'': cuttlefish cooked with their ink lagoon.

Among the many Venetian desserts, the most well-known are:
*'' Baicołi'' (or '' baicoli'').
*'' Fritołe'' (or ''frittelle'').
*''Pinza'' (or ''pinsa''): an Epiphany cake based on cornmeal and mixed dried fruits (usually figs and raisins) and nuts.
*''Xałeti'' (or ): cornmeal biscotti with raisins.

Verona

*'' Brasato all'Amarone'': braised beef meat cooked with '' Amarone'' wine, often served together with ''polenta''.
*'' Gnocchi''. It is tradition to eat homemade potato gnocchi on Venerdì Gnocolar, the last Friday of Carnival.
*'' Lesso e pearà''. ''Lesso'' is the bollito misto popular across entire northern Italy, that in Verona is uniquely served with ''pearà'': a thick, slow cooking sauce made from the boiled meats' stock, grated stale bread, ox marrow and abundant ground black pepper. Some recipes also add olive oil, grated Parmigiano Reggiano or butter. The sauce's name comes from ''pear'', dialect for pepper; hence ''pearà'', "peppered". In the past this was a lavish meal for the majority of the populace and therefore served on major festivities like Christmas.
*''Pastissada de caval'': an ancient horse meat stew dating back to the Middle-Age. It's prepared with bay leaves, nutmeg, cloves, salt, pepper, vegetables, and beef stock and slow cooked until the meat melts; it's served with polenta.
*''Polenta e renga'': polenta accompanied by typical oil preserved herrings. Salted herrings (''renga'') are boiled or grilled, then cleaned, cut into pieces, and pickled in olive oil with garlic, parsley and capers; after 40 days of maturation, the herrings are ready to be served or put into jars for preservation. This dish originated in the Parona neighbourhood of Verona (and more broadly or the whole city) and is traditionally eaten on Ash Wednesday.
*'' Riso Vialone Nano'': a rice variety typical of southern Veronese lowlands (''Bassa Veronese''). It lends itself best to the preparation of excellent risottos, and used as such throughout Veneto and Italy.
*''Risotto all'Amarone'': risotto with the local Amarone red wine. It is typical of the Valpolicella wine region.
*''Rixoto col tastasal'': risotto made with the same seasoned ground pork used in salame and sausages; traditionally this dish was a mean of tasting the mix before making sausages (hence the name ''tastasal'', "to taste salt").
*''Tortellini di Valeggio'': hand-made fresh pasta of tortellini kind, stuffed with a mix of beef, pork meats and vegetables, usually served with melted butter and sage. They are typical of the town of Valeggio sul Mincio, southwest of Verona.

Desserts

*''Mandorlato'': typical hard '' torrone'', made in the town of Cologna Veneta.
*''Nadalin'': an ancient predecessor of the Pandoro. It has a flatter shape and firmer texture than its more famous counterpart.
*'' Pandoro'': the traditional Christmas sweet yeast bread, now well-known and eaten all over Italy.
*''Tiramisù'': a relatively recent recipe that has allegedly been invented in Treviso in the late 60's.

Vicenza

Vicenza, along with Venice, has one of the most distinctive cuisines in the Veneto. Previously, the Vicentians were often referred to as the ''magnagati'' or ''mangiagatti'' (meaning "''cat eaters''") due to the alleged presence of cats in their cuisine (caused from poverty in the past and during World War II), though the cooking of cats is now illegal in Italy. Typical plates of the city and the surrounding area include:
*'' Asiago cheese''.
*'' Bacałà ała Visentina''.
*''Bassano del Grappa asparaguses''.
*''I bixi de Lumignan'' and ''i bixi de Borso'' ("bixi" means peas).
*''Cren'': horseradish. It's usually finely grated and mixed with vinegar into a sauce that accompanies boiled meats.
*''Nanto truffles''.
*''Paèta al malgaragno'' (young turkey with pomegranate juice)
*''Rixi e bixi'' ( rice and peas).
*''Rotzo potatoes''.
*''Rubbio celery''.
*''Semi-liquid polenta'' (sometimes served with tomato sauce or puree)
*''Serexe de Marostega'' (Marostica cherries)
*'' Torexani de Breganse''

Other provinces and regional dishes

*''Bigołi co'ł'arna'': bigoli pasta served together with a duck meat sauce.
*''Bixàto (or Anguilla)'': eel; a typical dish of south-eastern Veneto, in the delta of river Po, it can be roasted or fried.
*''Carpaccio''.
*'' Casunziei''.
*''Frittura di pesce'': fried seafood served together with ''polenta''; typical dish of the coast of Adriatic Sea.
*''Galletto alla brace'': grilled cockerel.
*''Gallina alla canèvera'': a dish from a very old Padua or Vicenza tradition, dating back to the Middle-Age, in which hen meat is boiled together with mixed vegetables inside a pork bladder.
*''Gnocchi burro, zucchero e cannella'': potato gnocchi served with butter and a mix of sugar and cinnamon; sometime grated Grana cheese is added.
*''Gran bollito veneto'' (or ''bollito misto alla veneta''): mixed boiled meats, beef, hen, beef tongue, ''cotechino'', cooked together.
*''Grigliata mista'': mixed grilled meats, as pork ribs, pork sausages, pork chops, chicken breasts, bacon strips, beef ribs, always served together with sliced, grilled ''polenta''.
*''Maiale al latte'': braised pork meat, cooked in milk.
*''Oca in onto'': a goose marinated for some days in salt or herbs and under its own fat, and later cooked. Typical of the area of Padua.
*''Pasta e faxioi ała veneta'': a soup made by ''pasta'', beans and bacon.
*''Pastìn'': a typical food from Belluno, consists of mixed pork and beef meat, cut anyhow. Spices may be added in it, and this food is often eaten along with ''polenta''.
*''Patata mericana'': sweet potato; a typical fall dish, it can be served boiled or roasted.
*''Połenta bianca'': a variety of polenta made from white corn ''biancoperla'', it is typical of the plain areas but above all of the territories of Padua, Venice and Treviso.
*''Połenta e oxełi'': spit roasted small game birds like larks, thrushes, house sparrows and quails, served together with ''polenta''. Under the Republic of Venice this dish spread to eastern Lombardy territories, and in Bergamo a cake took the same name (''polenta e osei'').
*'' Porchetta trevigiana'': often stuffed inside a '' panino''.
*''Radicchio alla griglia'': a Trevisan-based plate of grilled endive leaves.
*''Rixoto coi figadełi'' (''risotto ai fegatini''): risotto made with chicken livers; it was the main dish during the wedding banquet of common people.
*''Sfilacci di cavallo'': frayed dried horse meat, typical of Padua and its province, it can be traditionally used to dress a ''bigoli'' dish or eaten alone, but in modern years it is popular also to dress a ''pizza''.
*''Soppressa'': typical soft salami, traditionally containing garlic.
*''Spezzatino di musso'': donkey stew, served with polenta.
*''Tripe ała veneta'': tripe cooked with vegetables, butter and olive oil, then to be served dressed with grated '' grana'' cheese.

Desserts

*''Fugasa'': an Easter sweet bread.
*'' Galani'' (or ''crostoli'').
*''Tiramisu'': one of the most popular desserts in Italy and Europe, it is made with fresh eggs, mascarpone, Marsala and dark-coffee-dipped savoiardi (ladyfinger biscuits).

Alcoholic beverages

*''Prosecco'': a popular sparkling wine, which is often ''secco'', which is dry, or ''amabile'', which gives it a relatively sweet taste.
*''Bianco di Custoza'': wine cultivated in the Custoza region near lake Garda.
*'' Spritz Veneziano''.

See also

* Italian cuisine

References

{{Authority control

Culture in Venice